Notes on the occurrence of pathogenic races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae found in Hiroshima Prefecture during 2000–2003     

Koji Tanaka  Sayaka Nakatsu  Zen-nosuke Katsuba  Hiroshi Furuya  Takao Tsuchiya  Takashi Oku 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(2):144-146

The pathogenic races of 450 cultures of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, isolated from eight locations in the inland mountainous area of Hiroshima Prefecture during 2000 to 2003, were determined with a set of Japanese differentials. The rice cultivars infected with the bacterium are thought to be in the Kinmaze group, which does not have any resistance genes. Five Japanese races IA, IB, II, V, and VII occurred across the area, although the composition of the races in each location altered during the surveyed 4 years.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and a heterogeneous population of Citrus mosaic virus within a single citrus tree     

Takao Ito  Tsutae Ito  Hiroshi Shiotani  Toru Iwanami  Katsumi Ozaki  Kazuyuki Muramoto 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(2):147-151

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Geographical and functional-morphological variations of the skull in the gray-bellied squirrel     

Endo H  Kimura J  Oshida T  Stafford BJ  Rerkamnuaychoke W  Nishida T  Sasaki M  Hayashida A  Hayashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(3):277-282

The geographical variations of the skulls were osteometrically examined in the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) from the populations of Korat, Ranong, southernmost Thailand, and Terutau Island. The skull size was larger in northern population than in the southern population in the continental mainland. The zoogeographical influences of the Isthmus of Kra remained unclear, since the plots from Korat population were intermingled with those from southernmost Thailand population in the principal component charts. Although Korat population has been thought to belong to north group, we suggest that Ranong and southernmost Thailand populations may contain individuals from both north and south groups separated by the ancient Kra barrier. Terutau Island population was similar to southernmost Thailand population in skull size, although Terutau population has been isolated in the island and separated from the south group of the Isthmus of Kra. In the proportional analysis the interorbital space was narrower and the binocular sense has been well-developed in Terutau population. It suggests that this population has been highly adapted to arboreal behavior. In contrast, the skull with larger interorbital space was more adaptive for terrestrial life in Korat population. The canonical discriminant analysis could clearly separate the four populations in the scattergrams of discriminant scores.  相似文献   

Geographical variation of skull size and shape in various populations in the black giant squirrel     

Endo H  Kimura J  Oshida T  Stafford BJ  Rerkamnuaychoke W  Nishida T  Sasaki M  Hayashida A  Hayashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(10):1213-1218

We osteometrically examined the skulls of the black giant squirrel (Ratufa bicolor) from three mainland populations (M. Malayan Peninsula, V. South Vietnam, and B. Burma, India and North Thailand) and from two island populations (T. Tioman, and S. Sumatra Islands). The skull in the Malayan peninsula population was significantly smaller than that of the two other mainland populations. It is consistent with Bergmann's rule as shown in the gray-bellied squirrel. The two island populations did not show obvious differences in comparison with the Malayan population in many measurements. In the proportion analysis eliminating the size factor, the differences among populations were not easily confirmed and we concluded that the osteological characters peculiar to each population could not be shown in this species. The first and second principal component scores of M, S, and T populations were intermingled, whereas the V and B populations of V and B were not separated in the chart. We pointed out that the morphological differences were demonstrated between northern and southern groups of the Isthmus of Kra in the mainland populations, and that the two island populations did not show the island-isolation effect in comparison with the M population. The adaptational variation related to feeding and locomotion could not be confirmed among populations of the black giant squirrel as shown in the proportion analysis.  相似文献   

Bacterial canker of Maackia amurensis var. buergeri caused by a putative Pseudomonas syringae     

Y. Sakamoto  Y. Takikawa  Y. Takao  K. Sasaki 《Forest Pathology》2000,30(1):19-27

A new disease of Maackia amurensis var. buergeri was recently found on the northern island of Hokkaido, Japan. Affected trees were heavily damaged and had cankers on both trunks and branches. After natural infection, a series of swellings on the bark surface developed longitudinally. These swellings burst and coalesced to become long cankers. It is proposed that the disease be designated ‘bacterial canker of Maackia’. The causal pathogen was isolated and characterized tentatively as Pseudomonas syringae on the basis of laboratory tests. Pathogenicity of the bacterium was confirmed by inoculation into the host.  相似文献   

鹅掌楸属次生木质部解剖特征及自然种系统演化     

王丰  潘彪  唐菁  伊东隆夫 《安徽农业大学学报》2014,41(3):451

比较研究了鹅掌楸属(Liriodendron)中国鹅掌楸、北美鹅掌楸和杂交鹅掌楸3个树种次生木质部的显微构造。经方差分析,3个树种间导管分子、木纤维、轴向薄壁组织和木射线组织等解剖特征存在极显著差异,杂交鹅掌楸次生木质部结构兼具亲本特征。首次发现中国鹅掌楸中存在单穿孔导管,约占4%。中国鹅掌楸较北美鹅掌楸导管分子短、导管端壁穿孔板横隔数少、弦切面木射线组织的宽度、高度小以及轴向薄壁细胞束的细胞个数少。北美鹅掌楸与中国鹅掌楸相比具有更多的原始特征,中国鹅掌楸较北美鹅掌楸进化。  相似文献   

Highly regioselective amination of unactivated alkanes by hypervalent sulfonylimino-λ³-bromane     

Ochiai M  Miyamoto K  Kaneaki T  Hayashi S  Nakanishi W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6028):448-451

Amination of alkanes has generally required metal catalysts and/or high temperatures. Here we report that simple exposure of a broad range of alkanes to N-triflylimino-λ(3)-bromane 1 at ambient temperature results in C-H insertion of the nitrogen functionality to afford triflyl-substituted amines in moderate to high yields. Marked selectivity for tertiary over secondary C-H bonds was observed; primary (methyl) C-H bonds were inert. Addition of hexafluoroisopropanol to inhibit decomposition of 1 dramatically improved the C-H amination efficiencies. Second-order kinetics, activation parameters (negative activation entropy), deuterium isotope effects, and theoretical calculations suggest a concerted asynchronous bimolecular transition state for the metal-free C-H amination event.  相似文献   

No transcription-translation feedback in circadian rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation     

Tomita J  Nakajima M  Kondo T  Iwasaki H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5707):251-254

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Specific GABAA circuits for visual cortical plasticity     

Fagiolini M  Fritschy JM  Löw K  Möhler H  Rudolph U  Hensch TK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5664):1681-1683

Weak inhibition within visual cortex early in life prevents experience-dependent plasticity. Loss of responsiveness to an eye deprived of vision can be initiated prematurely by enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated transmission with benzodiazepines. Here, we use a mouse "knockin" mutation to alpha subunits that renders individual GABA type A (GABA(A)) receptors insensitive to diazepam to show that a particular inhibitory network controls expression of the critical period. Only alpha1-containing circuits were found to drive cortical plasticity, whereas alpha2-enriched connections separately regulated neuronal firing. This dissociation carries implications for models of brain development and the safe design of benzodiazepines for use in infants.  相似文献   

Reconstitution of circadian oscillation of cyanobacterial KaiC phosphorylation in vitro     

Nakajima M  Imai K  Ito H  Nishiwaki T  Murayama Y  Iwasaki H  Oyama T  Kondo T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5720):414-415

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