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51.
Naoto Hashimoto Takahiro Noda Sun-Ju Kim Hiroaki Yamauchi Shigenobu Takigawa Chie Matsuura-Endo Tatsuro Suzuki Kyu-Ho Han Michihiro Fukushima 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(3):266-270
Rats fed a diet containing Shadow Queen (SQ), an anthocyanin-rich potato cultivar, previously showed an increase in the hepatic
superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 mRNA level. We investigated whether an extract of SQ would directly increase the hepatic SOD-2
mRNA level in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, we estimated the intracellular signaling pathway for the induction of SOD-2 mRNA expression.
HepG2 cells were stimulated using extracts of four crops, including SQ, for 12 h; only extracts of colored potatoes induced
SOD-2 mRNA expression significantly. This induction of SOD-2 mRNA expression was blocked by an inhibitor of the extracellular
signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. Furthermore, an extract of SQ increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 after 15 or
30 min of stimulation. These data indicate that an extract of SQ directly induces hepatic SOD-2 mRNA expression via activation
of ERK1/2 pathway in HepG2 cells. 相似文献
52.
Nahoko Nishi Tatsuro Muta Yoko Ito Masayuki Nakamura Takao Tsukiboshi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(1):80-82
A new disease of chrysanthemum causing ray speck was found in Okinoerabu island, Kagoshima, Japan in March 2006. Small reddish-brown
lesions were observed on the ray florets of the chrysanthemum (cv. Anastasia). The causal fungus was exclusively isolated
from the lesions, and typical symptoms were reproduced after inoculation with the isolate. The causal fungus was identified
as Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) Yamamoto based on morphology and the sequences of rDNA-ITS and the gpd gene regions. The name, “sho-hanten-byo”, in Japanese is proposed for this ray speck disease. 相似文献
53.
Tatsuro Suzuki Kazuki Tsujimoto Gakuto Maruo Takahiro Hara Kenjiro Katsu Asana Matsuura Toshikazu Morishita Takashi Hara Koji Ishiguro Shiori Otsuka 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):527-536
An important breeding issue in buckwheat is to increase its resistance to lodging, which can result in the loss of yield and quality of buckwheat foods. We developed the semidwarf buckwheat ‘Kyukei 50’, which has a short plant height and a strong lodging resistance. The internode length of ‘Kyukei 50’ was shorter than that of the summer-sown standard variety ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’. Progeny analysis revealed that the semidwarf trait was dominated by at least one recessive gene. Compared with ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’, in ‘Kyukei 50’, the time of maturation was earlier, and the pre-harvest sprouting resistance was the same, indicating that ‘Kyukei 50’ is suitable for sowing in both spring and summer. ‘Kyukei 50’ exhibits the ‘green flower type’ shattering resistance trait and, therefore, has a thick pedicel; breaking tensile strength is approximately two-fold stronger than that of ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’. The yield of ‘Kyukei 50’ is the same as that of ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’. In addition, the lowest seed height of ‘Kyukei 50’ was >17 cm. These results indicate that the ‘Kyukei 50’ is a promising breeding line for lodging resistance and loss of harvesting machinery. 相似文献
54.
Naoto Hashimoto Takahiro Noda Sun-Ju Kim Md Zaidul Islam Sarker Hiroaki Yamauchi Shigenobu Takigawa Chie Matsuura-Endo Tatsuro Suzuki Kyu-Ho Han Michihiro Fukushima 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(3):193-198
To investigate whether yam improves glucose metabolism, yam-containing diets were given to Wistar rats. In a short-term experiment,
fasted-rats were given 1.0 g of a control and 20% yam-containing diets. At 60 min after start of the feeding, glucose level
in the yam diet group was lower or tended to be lower than that in the control diet. Insulin levels at 30 min and 60 min were
significantly lower than those in the control group. In a long-term experiment, a normal diet (N) or 25% high fat diets with
(Y) or without 15% yam powder (HF) were given to rats for 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, in an oral glucose tolerance test, the area
under the curve (AUC) of plasma glucose level was higher in the HF group than that in the N group, whereas those in the Y
groups did not differ from that in the N group. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels had similar tendency to the AUCs. Plasma leptin
levels in the Y groups were significantly higher than that in the N group. In conclusion, yam may contribute to improvement
of glucose metabolism. Additionally, we speculated that leptin level is possibly involved in the insulin-response to yam diets. 相似文献
55.
Masaki Okamura Tatsuro Hirose Yoichi Hashida Ryu Ohsugi 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):102-110
While many plants accumulate the majority of their photoassmilates as starch during the daytime, some plants accumulate sucrose. Although the existence of these high-sucrose leaves, called ‘sugar leaves’, has long been known, the physiological characteristics of sugar leaves compared to ‘starch leaves’ remain unclear. In this study, the physiological roles of starch accumulation in rice, which has typical sugar leaves, were investigated using a mutant with suppressed leaf-starch biosynthesis. When grown under controlled conditions with light intensity of 400 μmol m?2 s?1, the initial growth of the mutant was similar to that of the wild-type plant, even with a 6-h-light/18-h-dark photoperiod in which carbon resources for growth are required during the night. This finding indicates that rice does not rely on leaf starch as a carbon resource during the night. By contrast, under field conditions, the grain yields of the mutant were significantly lower than those of the wild type only when the plants were exposed to full sunlight during the ripening period. These results may indicate that starch accumulation in sugar leaves plays an important role in maintaining a high source capacity under sufficient light conditions rather than as a carbon resource for the plant’s growth at night. 相似文献
56.
Akinori Takasuka Yoshioki Oozeki Ichiro Aoki Ryo Kimura Hiroshi Kubota Hiroya Sugisaki Tatsuro Akamine 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):308-313
ABSTRACT: Relationships between otolith and somatic sizes were examined for Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus and sardine Sardinops melanostictus larvae collected broadly in the western North Pacific, based on a substantial data set derived from a previous paper. Allometric formulae showed close fits to the relationships between otolith radius and standard length, and the formulae differed between anchovy and sardine larvae. Despite the high correlations, the effect of somatic growth rate on the otolith and somatic size relationship (the 'growth effect') was significantly detected for both anchovy and sardine larvae. Slower growing larvae tended to have larger otoliths than faster growing conspecifics at the same somatic size. This growth effect was more obvious for sardine larvae than for anchovy larvae, probably because of their differential responses of somatic growth to temperature shifts. The growth effect could lead to the possibility of biases in the back-calculation and size estimation processes. As the growth effect is considered to be a general phenomenon and its extent to be species-specific, the relationship between otolith and somatic size and its uncoupling should be scrutinized before application of techniques based on the otolith and somatic size correlation. 相似文献
57.
Ricardo P Babaran Kazuhiko Anraku Munechika Ishizaki Kenji Watanabe Tatsuro Matsuoka Hideaki Shirai 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(6):1207-1214
Sound generated by a payao, an anchored bamboo fish aggregating device, is believed to be attractive to fish; but until now,
there is no available record of payao-generated sound. This study presents payao-generated sound recorded by a hydrophone
at water depths of 5, 10 and 15 m from a fixed distance of 3 m relative to the payao, and compares the sound with the auditory
sensitivity of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus measured at discrete frequencies from 100 to 2000 Hz using the auditory brainstem response protocol. A consistent peak appeared
in the sound spectrum at 49 Hz and showed an increasing sound pressure level with depth, which suggests that payao sound may
come from the anchor rope. However, the contribution of the bamboo raft can not yet be discounted. The hearing threshold curve
indicated that the most sensitive frequency range in jack mackerel is from 92.1 dB at 800 Hz to 111.0 dB at 200 Hz. These
results show that the dominant frequency range of payao sound does not correspond with the high sensitivity frequency range
of fish hearing. 相似文献
58.
Effects of oceanic-climate changes on the abundance of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the northwestern Pacific during the last half century were investigated. Abundance indices of both large and medium size groups exhibit interannual–decadal variations, but their patterns were different. The large and medium size groups of saury are corresponding to the recruitments of winter- and spring-cohort, respectively. The abundance of large size group saury was significantly correlated with the winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio region, whereas the medium size group saury showed high correlations with SST in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition zone and the Oyashio region, indicating that the two size groups are affected by subtropical and subarctic environment, respectively. Significant negative correlation between the abundance index and the southern oscillation index (SOI) suggested that El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO) events have marked impacts on the large size group saury. Subtropical high pressure index and far east zonal index also show high correlations with the abundance of both large and medium size group saury, indicating a linkage between large-scale atmospheric circulation and the abundance of saury. These correlations demonstrate that the abundance of Pacific saury is directly affected by the SST fields through large-scale atmosphere–ocean interactions from the equatorial Pacific to mid- and high-latitude areas such as El Niño events. 相似文献
59.
Zhu XL Matsui T Watanabe K Shiraishi K Ueki T Matsumoto K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8367-8371
A replicate heart-cut column-switching HPLC method combined with two switching valves was newly developed for the simultaneous determination of three antihypertensive peptides (Ala-Phe, Tyr-Pro, and Trp-Tyr) in tryptic casein hydrolysate in one run-in assay. After a first separation on an octadecyl silane (ODS) column, heart-cuts of each peptide were individually separated on a subsequent analytical ODS column: 26% acetonitrile for Ala-Phe and Tyr-Pro (32% for Trp-Tyr) in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid containing 10 mM sodium 1-octanesulfonate at 0.8 mL/min. Ala-Phe, Tyr-Pro, and Trp-Tyr in casein hydrolysate were determined within 70 min to be 0.377 +/- 0.037 mg/g, 2.50 +/- 0.26 mg/g, and 0.096 +/- 0.008 mg/g, respectively. 相似文献
60.
Kyotaro Noguchi Qingmin Han Masatake G. Araki Tatsuro Kawasaki Shinji Kaneko Masamichi Takahashi Yukihiro Chiba 《Journal of Forest Research》2011,16(4):284-291
Fine roots play a key role in carbon and nutrient dynamics in forested ecosystems. Fine-root dynamics can be significantly
affected by forest management practices such as thinning, but research on this topic is limited. This study examined dynamics
of fine roots <1 mm in diameter in a 10-year-old stand of hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) for 3 years following thinning (65% in basal area). Fine-root production and mortality rates were estimated using a minirhizotron
technique in combination with soil coring. In both thinned and un-thinned control plots, fine-root elongation occurred from
early spring to winter (March to December) and fluctuated seasonally. In the thinned and the control plots, the annual fine-root
production rates were estimated to be 101 and 120 g m−2 year−1, respectively, whereas the estimated annual fine-root mortality rates were 77 and 69 g m−2 year−1, respectively. At 3 years after thinning, live fine-root biomass was significantly smaller in the thinned plot (143 g m−2) than in the control plot (218 g m−2), whereas dead fine-root biomass was not (147 and 103 g m−2, respectively). Morphological and physiological indices of fine roots such as diameter, specific root length, and root tissue
density of the live fine roots was similar in both plots. These results suggested that thinning tended to decrease biomass
and production of fine roots, but the effects on characteristics of fine roots would be less evident. 相似文献