Sensitivity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae from Brazilian papaya orchards to MBC and DMI fungicides     

Alba Valéria da Silva Pereira  Ricardo Brainer Martins  Sami Jorge Michereff  Marcelo Bezerra da Silva  Marcos Paz Saraiva Camara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(4):489-498

Stem rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an important postharvest disease of papaya in Brazil, responsible for reducing the quality and quantity of fruits. Fungicide use is one of the main disease management measures. However, there are no estimates available of pathogen sensitivity to commonly employed fungicides. Therefore, the EC₅₀ from 120 isolates of L. theobromae from northeastern Brazil, representative of six populations of the pathogen, was estimated in vitro for fungicides of the methyl benzimidazole carbamates—MBC (benomyl and thiabendazole) and demethylation-inhibiting—DMI (imazalil, prochloraz, tebuconazole) groups. Mycelial growth on fungicide-free media and virulence on papaya fruits of the MBC-sensitive and non-sensitive isolates were compared. For MBCs, 8.4% of isolates were non-sensitive to fungicides. For the remaining 91.6%, the mean EC₅₀ ranged from 0.002 to 0.13 μg ml⁻¹ and 0.36 to 1.27 μg ml⁻¹ for benomyl and thiabendazole, respectively. For DMIs, the mean EC₅₀ range for imazalil was 0.001 to 2.27 μg ml⁻¹, 0.04 to 1.75 μg ml⁻¹ for prochloraz, and 0.14 to 4.05 μg ml⁻¹ for tebuconazole. The EC₅₀ values of non-sensitive isolates were significantly (P≤0.05) higher those for the sensitive isolates for each of the DMI fungicides. Differences (P≤0.05) were found in the levels of sensitivity to DMI fungicides among the isolate populations associated with orchards. The populations from two orchards were less sensitive to DMIs. No solid evidence was found for fitness costs relating to MBC non-sensitive isolates because mycelial growth in fungicide-free media and virulence on papaya fruits were similar to those of sensitive isolates.  相似文献   

Serology and PCR for bovine leptospirosis: herd and individual approaches     

Otaka DY  Martins G  Hamond C  Penna B  Medeiros MA  Lilenbaum W 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(13):338

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Leptospirosis as the most frequent infectious disease impairing productivity in small ruminants in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Martins G  Penna B  Hamond C  Leite RC  Silva A  Ferreira A  Brandão F  Oliveira F  Lilenbaum W 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):773-777

Despite the importance of small ruminants breeding in developing countries, milk/meat productivity remains unsatisfactory. Infectious diseases, such as leptospirosis, brucellosis, and small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), contribute to this scenario. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of each of these diseases in the productivity of small ruminants breeding in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In goats, 343 samples were tested for leptospirosis, 560 for Brucella abortus, and 506 for caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), whereas in sheep, 308 samples were tested for leptospirosis, 319 for B. abortus, 374 for Brucella ovis, and 278 for Maedi-Visna (MV). Regarding leptospirosis, 25.9% of goats and 47.4% sheep were seroreactive, with serovar Hardjo the most prevalent in both species. Anti-B. abortus agglutinins were found in 0.7% of all samples, exclusively in goats. In relation to SRLVs, 8.6% of goats and 3.2% of sheep samples were positive for CAE and MV, respectively. Leptospirosis was the major infectious problem in the small ruminants sampled and may contribute to impaired productivity of these animals.  相似文献   

Transcription of pattern recognition receptors and abortive agents induced chemokines in the bovine pregnant uterus     

Silva AP  Costa EA  Macêdo AA  Martins Tda M  Borges AM  Paixão TA  Santos RL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):248-256

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Estrus cycle effect on muscle tyrosine kinase activity in bitches     

Gomes Pöppl Á  Costa Valle S  Hilário Díaz González F  de Castro Beck CA  Kucharski LC  Silveira Martins Da Silva R 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(1):81-84

Estrus cycle is a well recognized cause of insulin resistance in bitches. The insulin receptor (IR) as well as the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor belong to the same subfamily of tyrosine kinase (TK) receptors. The objective of this study was to evaluate basal TK activity in muscle tissue of bitches during the estrus cycle. Twenty-four bitches were used in the study (7 in anestrus, 7 in estrus, and 10 in diestrus). Muscle samples, taken after spaying surgery to determine TK activity, were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at −80°C until the membranes were prepared by sequential centrifugation after being homogenized. TK activity was determined by Poly (Glu 4:Tyr 1) phosphorylation and expressed in cpm/μg of protein. TK activity was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the animals in estrus (104.5 ± 11.9 cpm/μg of protein) and diestrus (94.5 ± 16.9 cpm/μg of protein) when compared with bitches in anestrus (183.2 ± 39.2 cpm/μg of protein). These results demonstrate, for the first time, lower basal TK activity in the muscle tissue of female dogs during estrus and diestrus, which may represent lower insulin signaling capacity, opening a new field of investigation into the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in dogs.  相似文献   

First report of Lagochilascaris (Nematoda: Ascarididae) eggs in a public park in Southern Brazil     

de Moura MQ  Jeske S  Gallina T  Borsuk S  Berne ME  Villela MM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,184(2-4):359-361

Public parks, especially in developing countries, are places where stray animals run free and may contaminate the environment with different species of parasites. In an evaluation of environmental sanitation of these sites, soil samples were collected monthly from public parks in the Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. Eggs of the nematode Lagochilascaris sp. were found in a public playground. This is the first report of identification of this nematode in Southern Brazil.  相似文献   

A multiplex PCR for the detection of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. DNA from aborted bovine fetuses     

Richtzenhain LJ  Cortez A  Heinemann MB  Soares RM  Sakamoto SM  Vasconcellos SA  Higa ZM  Scarcelli E  Genovez ME 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,87(2):139-147

Bovine brucellosis and leptospirosis are important causes of bovine abortion around the world. Both diseases can be serologically diagnosed, but many factors may cause false positive and negative results. Direct methods based on bacteriological isolation are usually employed, but they are difficult, time consuming and dangerous. Monoplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been successfully described for the detection of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. Aiming at improvement in the direct diagnosis, a multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the detection of these agents in aborted bovine fetuses is described. The detection threshold of the mPCR was evaluated in experimentally contaminated bovine clinical samples using a conventional proteinase K/SDS or a boiling-based extraction protocols. The mPCR was applied to two groups of clinical samples: 63 episodes of bovine abortion and eight hamsters experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. Adopting microbiological isolation as reference, the test showed a sensitivity of 100% in both groups of clinical samples. Seven samples collected from bovine fetuses were Brucella spp. culture negative but showed positive results in mPCR. Regarding Leptospira spp. detection, similar results were observed in three bovine clinical samples. All hamsters infected with Leptospira were positive in both microbiological culture and mPCR. The boiling extraction protocol showed better results in some clinical samples, probably by the removal of PCR inhibitors by heat treatment. The high sensitivity, simplicity and the possibility of detection of both bacteria in a single tube reaction support the use of the mPCR described in the routine diagnosis.  相似文献   

Determination of melamine content in amino resins by near-infrared spectroscopy     

Ana Henriques  Paulo Cruz  João M. Ferra  Jorge Martins  Fernão D. Magalhães  Luísa H. Carvalho 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(5):939-948

Melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin production has increased in the last years due to low formaldehyde emissions and improved moisture resistance when applied on wood-based panels. Melamine is a relatively high-cost raw material in the resin formulation and has a significant effect on wood-based panel properties. It is important for industry to implement efficient quality control methods to determine melamine content in resins. The main objective of this work was to develop chemometric techniques for off-line monitoring of melamine content using near-infrared spectroscopy. The use of interval partial least squares regression allowed identifying the most interesting spectral ranges for analysis (4,400–4,800 and 5,200–5,600 cm^?1) and the best preprocessing methods to use in the determination of this property. When the appropriate spectral range and preprocessing methods are selected, it is possible to obtain calibration models with high correlation coefficients.  相似文献   

Presence of Leptospiral DNA in Semen Suggests Venereal Transmission in Horses     

Camila Hamond  Gabriel Martins  Marco A. Medeiros  Walter Lilenbaum 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

The purpose of the present study was to detect leptospiral DNA by PCR in semen and urine samples of stallions to test for venereal transmission in horses. A total of 10 stallions from four herds were studied, and sampling was conducted in semen and urine for culture and PCR and serum for serology. From the 10 serum samples tested, 6 (60%) were seroreactive. No pure culture was obtained, but leptospiral DNA was detected by PCR in 50% of the semen samples and 30% of urine samples. The present study aimed to detect leptospiral DNA by PCR in semen and urine samples of stallions to test for venereal transmission in horses. Based on these findings, we suggest that there is potential transmission of leptospirosis in horses by sexual transmission.  相似文献   

Ozone Formation Potentials of Volatile Organic Compounds and Ozone Sensitivity to Their Emission in the Megacity of São Paulo, Brazil     

Leila Droprinchinski Martins  Maria de Fátima Andrade 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,195(1-4):201-213

In the present study, a three-dimensional Eulerian photochemical model was employed to estimate the impact that organic compounds have on tropospheric ozone formation in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP). In the year 2000, base case simulations were conducted in two periods: August 22–24 and March 13–15. Based on the pollutant concentrations calculated by the model, the correlation coefficient relative to observations for ozone ranged from 0.91 to 0.93 in both periods. In the simulations employed to evaluate the ozone potential of individual VOCs, as well as the sensitivity of ozone to the VOC/NO _x emission ratio, the variation in anthropogenic emissions was estimated at 15% (according to tests performed previously variations of 15% were stable). Although there were significant differences between the two periods, ozone concentrations were found to be much more sensitive to VOCs than to NO _x in both periods and throughout the study domain. In addition, considering their individual rates of emission from vehicles, the species/classes that were most important for ozone formation were as follows: aromatics with a kOH?>?2?×?10⁴ ppm^?1 min^?1; olefins with a kOH?<?7?×?10⁴ ppm^?1 min^?1; olefins with a kOH?>?7?×?10⁴ ppm^?1 min^?1; ethene; and formaldehyde, which are the principal species related to the production, transport, storage and combustion of fossil fuels.  相似文献