我国蓝色粮仓科技创新的发展思路与实施途径   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨红生 《水产学报》2019,43(1):97-104

蓝色粮仓建设对保障食物安全、推动经济发展、催生新兴产业、彰显国家权益、改善生态环境以及突破产业瓶颈具有重要意义。在当前科技和产业背景下,如何卓有成效地构建蓝色粮仓已成为社会各界关注的热点。本文明确了蓝色粮仓的概念和特点,分析了蓝色粮仓构建的必要性和可行性,提出了实现渔业产业由大国向强国跨越以及提升科技创新和产业发展能力的总体目标,从聚焦重大需求、构建科技创新链,坚持原创驱动、突破重大科学问题,强化集成示范、支撑产业健康持续发展等方面论述了实施途径,即按照基础研究、重大共性关键技术、典型应用示范全链条布局的要求,坚持生态优先谋划,陆海统筹布局,针对种质创制、健康养殖、资源养护、友好捕捞、流通加工五大产业类型需求,实施良种引领、空间拓展、技术升级、产业示范四大行动,建立智慧养殖、智能捕捞、绿色加工三大体系,满足优质蛋白供给和产业转型升级两大需求,最终构建中国特色的蓝色粮仓。  相似文献   

Digestive characteristics and blood chemistry profile of triploid rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: influence of body size and seasonal variation     

Meng  Yuqiong  Han  Buying  Li  Changzhong  Qian  Kangkang  Liu  Xiaohong  Hu  Xuemin  Yang  Xu  Tian  Haining  Ma  Rui 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(6):1001-1010

Fisheries Science - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of body size and seasonal variation on organ indexes, digestive enzymes and plasma biochemistry parameters of triploid...  相似文献   

Changes in key enzyme activities and metabolites during in vitro maturation of Apostichopus japonicus oocyte under desiccation stress     

Shilin Liu  Chenggang Lin  Hongxia Qu  Jingchun Sun  Xiaoshang Ru  Lina Sun  Libin Zhang  Tao Zhang  Yi Zhou  Hongsheng Yang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(2):400-411

Understanding the physiological changes of oocyte in vitro maturation are important for improving in in vitro fertilization rates and embryonic development. In this study, Apostichopus japonicus gonads were dissected, and the oocytes and gonadal fluid extracted from the gonads were dried in darkness to induce oocyte maturation. The changes in the germinal vesicle breakdown percentage (GVBDP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the concentrations of glutathione (GSH), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), adenylyl cyclase (AC), protein kinase C (PKC), oestradiol (E2), and metabolites in gonadal fluid–oocyte complexes (GFOC) were detected during desiccation. The GVBDP peaked at 85% after 2 hr of desiccation. The SOD activity and GSH concentration in GFOC increased significantly during desiccation, reaching their maximum values at 0.5 and 2 hr of desiccation respectively (p < 0.05). The concentrations of cAMP, AC, PKC, and E2 decreased significantly during the desiccation treatment (p < 0.05) and reached relatively stable levels after 1 hr of desiccation. After 2 hr of desiccation, among the 68 metabolites detected in the GFOC, the concentrations of 52 metabolites increased and those of 16 metabolites decreased. This study not only provides an effective and simple technique for in vitro induction of A. japonicus oocyte maturation under desiccation stress, but also improves our understanding of gamete biology in this species.  相似文献   

离心泵叶片开槽抑制空化数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵伟国  翟利静  夏添  李尚升 《农业机械学报》2018,49(12):150-157

为了进一步提高低比转数离心泵的空化性能,提出在叶片压力面开槽的方法来抑制空化。针对离心泵运行过程中产生空化的流动特点,基于Kubota空化模型,采用SST k-ω模型对在相同工况下的离心泵中两相流动进行数值模拟与分析。模拟结果表明：叶片表面开槽后,离心泵各个工况下的扬程有所上升,在设计点扬程提高12.8%,同时效率提高4.2%。叶片开槽可以有效阻止低压区域向外扩张,改变压力的分布,对离心泵内各个阶段空化均有抑制作用。叶片开槽可以优化流场结构,使流道内的压力增加,减小空泡的体积分数。叶片开槽时离心泵叶轮内空泡体积在空化的各个阶段均小于无槽时叶轮内空泡体积,在空化发展阶段,开槽时空泡体积持续衰减。  相似文献   

黄瓜褐斑病防治药剂的离体活性筛选   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

祁之秋  纪明山  陆田  王英姿  李兴海  魏松红 《植物保护》2009,35(2):140-143

离体条件下针对黄瓜褐斑病菌对19种杀菌剂进行了活性筛选。结果表明,不同杀菌剂对褐斑病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制作用不同。对褐斑病菌菌丝生长具有强烈抑制作用的杀菌剂为苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、代森锰锌及嘧霉胺,其EC50分别4.21、4.67、5.59 μg/mL及4.11 μg/mL。甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂及防治卵菌病害的药剂对褐斑病菌菌丝生长几乎没有影响。烯肟菌酯、福美双、代森锰锌、烯酰吗啉、百菌清和多菌灵对褐斑病菌孢子萌发具有强烈抑制作用,其EC50分别为3.34、6.62、0.28、3.54、0.53 μg/mL及0.26 μg/mL。50 μg/mL的嘧霉胺虽对孢子萌发抑制作用较小,但10 μg/mL时即可导致萌发的芽管出现明显卷曲、畸形。  相似文献   

生物质固体成型燃料加工生产线及配套设备   总被引：11，自引：7，他引：11  

姚宗路  田宜水  孟海波  赵立欣  霍丽丽 《农业工程学报》2010,26(9):280-285

针对目前中国生物质原料复杂多样,以及生物质固体成型燃料加工过程中存在系统配合协调能力差、原料适应能力差、生产率低等问题。该文采用模辊式成型原理,研发设计了有强制喂料系统的成型机以及配套设备,采用二次粉碎工艺以及连续喂料与调制喂料相结合的混配工艺,提出了能够适应多种生物质原料特性的固体成型燃料生产工艺路线,建立了生物质固体成型燃料生产线。试验检测结果表明,采用生物质固体成型燃料生产线的每小时生产率比单机状态下提高了17.3%,经济效益提高13.3%,成型率达到98%,堆积密度和颗粒密度也明显高于单机,达到了设计要求。实现了规模化、连续稳定生产,有利于中国生物质固体成型燃料产业化的发展。  相似文献   

割手密线粒体DNA的简易快速提取方法     

田春艳  王先宏  李富生  何丽莲  娄红波  杨清辉  肖关丽  唐荣平 《分子植物育种》2015,(5)

高效快速地分离提取高质量的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)是研究植物线粒体基因及其起源进化的重要前提。为获得高质量的mtDNA进行割手密资源的线粒体基因序列扩增及测序分析,本研究以割手密黄化苗为材料,通过简单差速离心分离得到线粒体,经DNaseⅠ消化处理,去除核DNA杂质得到较纯的线粒体,然后经过5%SDS和蛋白酶K充分裂解线粒体,利用饱和的苯酚/氯仿(1:1)和氯仿两次抽提除去蛋白质,并经过RNase A的消化处理除去RNA,无水乙醇沉淀等一系列操作得到mtDNA。所提取的mtDNA样品经紫外吸收光度测定,琼脂糖凝胶电泳和PCR扩增分析其浓度和纯度,结果表明利用该方法提取的mtDNA纯度高,完全能满足后续PCR分析及分子克隆测序的要求。该方法不仅DNA提取纯度高,操作简单、快速经济,可为今后开展甘蔗及其各野生种的研究提供技术支持。  相似文献   

Spatial differentiation and factors influencing the benefits of industrial poverty alleviation in villages     

Tian He  Rui Yuan Chen  Zi Yi Wang  Ping Jun Sun  Man Jiang Shi  Lin Xiong  Yuan Li Liu  He Ping Liao 《Growth and change》2023,54(1):326-345

Industrial poverty alleviation is one of the most important aspects of targeted poverty alleviation. Identifying the mechanism influencing the spatial differentiation of the benefits of industrial poverty alleviation plays an essential role in optimising an industrial layout for poverty alleviation, consolidating poverty alleviation achievements, and revitalising rural industries. This study examined the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the benefits of industrial poverty alleviation at the village level using the household data collected from Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China. The results show that the benefits of industrial poverty alleviation presented obvious spatial differentiation in the villages with the overall performance being high in the north and low in the south and decreasing from the south of the county to the north and south. Spatially, there was a significant positively correlated agglomeration effect. High-value agglomeration areas were concentrated in the north with the characteristics of ‘one centre and two subcentres’. However, low-value and outlier agglomeration effects were not obvious, presenting sporadic distribution. Seven major factors affect industrial poverty alleviation in Jiangjin District, including average altitude and land transfer rate. The interaction between any two of the seven factors has a more significant impact than that of a single factor.  相似文献   

坝上草原鱼鳞坑生态修复措施的水土保持效应     

王岚园  王一宁  任泳宁  黄凌冰  孙雨润  战金艳  刘世梁  谢湉 《水土保持通报》2023,43(6):89-97

[目的]探究不同位置鱼鳞坑的水土保持效果,确定合理的鱼鳞坑布置原则,为生态脆弱区鱼鳞坑选址与效果评估提供实证研究。[方法]以坝上草原千松坝为研究区,在阴坡、阳坡和河谷分别设置样地,对比鱼鳞坑区和对照区的水土状况,分析不同位置鱼鳞坑对生物量、土壤容重、根系层和土壤养分的影响。[结果](1)阳坡、阴坡、河谷的鱼鳞坑均增加了地上生物量、地下生物量、根系深度、TN含量,DOC等指标,降低了土壤容重。(2)阴坡、阳坡、河谷的鱼鳞坑水土保持效果差异较大;阴坡、阳坡鱼鳞坑均能显著增加植被的根系深度(p<0.05)(阴坡104.19%,阳坡42.87%),而阴坡鱼鳞坑对土壤容重、TN含量、地上生物量的影响更显著(p<0.05)(分别减少9.26%,增加148.05%,增加136.32%);河谷鱼鳞坑能显著增加土壤氨氮和硝态氮(p<0.05)(125.16%,174.53%)。(3)鱼鳞坑位置、修建时间对水土保持指标影响较大,坡位的影响较小;随着鱼鳞坑修建时间的增长,地上地下生物量、TN含量、根系深度增加,土壤氧化还原电位降低。(4)土壤侵蚀严重地区的鱼鳞坑水土保持效果更显著。[结论]...  相似文献   

Evaluating habitat suitability indices derived from CPUE and fishing effort data for Ommatrephes bratramii in the northwestern Pacific Ocean     

Siquan Tian  Xinjun Chen  Yong Chen  Liuxiong Xu  Xiaojie Dai 《Fisheries Research》2009,95(2-3):181-188

Neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) plays an important role in the pelagic ecosystem and is an international fishery resource with high commercial value in the North Pacific Ocean. The west stock of winter–spring cohort of this species is an important target for the squid-jigging vessels of Japan, Korea and China (including Taiwan). The squid has a life span of less than 12 months, and its population dynamics is heavily influenced by its environment. Thus, a good understanding of its interactions with the habitats, often quantified with a habitat suitability index (HSI) model, is critical in developing a sustainable fishery. In this study, using the Chinese commercial squid-jigger fishery data and corresponding environmental variables we conducted HSI modeling to evaluate the habitat of the west stock of winter–spring cohort of neon flying squid in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We compared catch per unit effort (CPUE) and fishing effort data in HSI modeling. This study suggests that the CPUE-based HSI model tends to overestimate the ranges of optimal habitats and under-estimate monthly variations in the spatial distribution of optimal habitats. We conclude that a fishing effort-based HSI model performs better in defining optimal habitats for neon flying squid. According to the fishing-effort-based HSI model, the optimal ranges of the following key habitat variables are defined: from 16.6 to 19.6 °C for SST, from 5.8 to 12 °C for temperature at depths of 35 m, from 3.4 to 4.8 °C for temperature at depth of 317 m, from 33.10 to 33.55 psu for SSS and from ?20 cm to ?4 cm for SLH.  相似文献