The contribution of dominance and inbreeding depression in estimating variance components for litter size in Pannon White rabbits     

I. Nagy  G. Gorjanc  I. Curik  J. Farkas  H. Kiszlinger  Z. Szendrő 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2013,130(4):303-311

In a synthetic closed population of Pannon White rabbits, additive (V_A), dominance (V_D) and permanent environmental (V_Pe) variance components as well as doe (b_Fd) and litter (b_Fl) inbreeding depression were estimated for the number of kits born alive (NBA), number of kits born dead (NBD) and total number of kits born (TNB). The data set consisted of 18,398 kindling records of 3883 does collected from 1992 to 2009. Six models were used to estimate dominance and inbreeding effects. The most complete model estimated V_A and V_D to contribute 5.5 ± 1.1% and 4.8 ± 2.4%, respectively, to total phenotypic variance (V_P) for NBA; the corresponding values for NBD were 1.9 ± 0.6% and 5.3 ± 2.4%, for TNB, 6.2 ± 1.0% and 8.1 ± 3.2% respectively. These results indicate the presence of considerable V_D. Including dominance in the model generally reduced V_A and V_Pe estimates, and had only a very small effect on inbreeding depression estimates. Including inbreeding covariates did not affect estimates of any variance component. A 10% increase in doe inbreeding significantly increased NBD (b_Fd = 0.18 ± 0.07), while a 10% increase in litter inbreeding significantly reduced NBA (b_Fl = ?0.41 ± 0.11) and TNB (b_Fl = ?0.34 ± 0.10). These findings argue for including dominance effects in models of litter size traits in populations that exhibit significant dominance relationships.  相似文献   

Saturnine gout: lead-induced formation of guanine crystals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W R Farkas  T Stanawitz  M Schneider 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,199(4330):786-787

Intravenous injection of a sublethal dose of lead acetate into a domestic pig resulted in a 4.5-fold increase of guanine in the urine, indicating an impairment in the conversion of guanine to xanthine. This impairment is probably due to the inhibition of guanine aminohydrolase (guanase), since the activity of this enzyme is inhibited by Pb2+ (the inhibition constant being 3.0 X 10(-6)M). Postmortem histological examination revealed concretions of crystalline material in the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head. Extraction of the section containing the concretions showed that they were guanine. The relation of these findings to saturnine gout is discussed.  相似文献   

Land use effects on carbon quality and soil biological properties in Eutric Cambisol     

Lubica Pospíšilová  Pavel Formanek  Jiri Kucerik  Tibor Liptaj  Tomas Losak  Anna Martensson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(7):661-669

Abstract

The choice of prospective type of farming requires knowledge about the specific relationships that exist between farm management practices and base environmental conditions. Nowadays the protection of soil organic carbon is one of the main tasks, because organic carbon in addition to soil fertility can act in elimination of soil contamination and carbon sequestration. Field experiments were focused on the effect of intensive farming without organic inputs versus grassland on organic carbon content. Organic carbon content (C_ox) and humic substance fractions (C-humic acids and fulvic acid fractions), hot water extractable carbon and selected microbial characteristics in Eutric Cambisol were monitored during the period 1999–2010. A priming effect of soil cultivation was detected immediately after tillage. Arable soil with ‘intensive’ crop sequences (exclusively cash crops, cereals, oil plants) and with an optimal level of chemical inputs (mineral fertilizers, pesticides), but without organic farmyard manure had lower content of all carbon forms compared with grassland. ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TGA) were applied to characterize humic acid (HA) structure and stability. More carbon, less oxygen and more aromatic compounds were detected in grassland HA. Slight differences were found in HA thermo-oxidative stability and degradability, which was probably caused by changes in elemental composition and structure. Even the land use had no significant effect on basic microbiological characteristics (basal respiration, microbial biomass and qCO₂); the physiology of the microbial community of grassland was altered by a higher ability to utilize L- and D-glutamic acid. The L/D ratio of glutamic acid mineralization indicated no occurrence of stress in soil for both types of farming. It has been demonstrated that although losses of carbon as a result of land-use conversions are generally more rapid, gains of carbon in grassland followed by changes in management practices can also occur.  相似文献   

Accurate prediction of ice disturbance in European deciduous forests with generalized linear models: a comparison of field-based and airborne-based approaches     

Réka Aszalós  Imelda Somodi  Kata Kenderes  János Ruff  Bálint Czúcz  Tibor Standovár 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(6):1905-1915

We analyzed an ice disturbance event of deciduous forests in Hungary by Generalized Linear Models (GLM). Two statistical models were generated: the first model was based on a disturbance map created from a series of aerial photographs, and the second model was based on a map created by half-year-long intensive field work. The second map was considered as the reference map of ice disturbance. Our hypothesis was that the predictive power of the field-based statistical model would be significantly higher than that of the aerial photo-based model on the reference map. Elevation, slope, aspect, mixture ratio of beech, height of the dominant tree species and their interactions were used in the two (aerial photo- and field-based) GLMs as explanatory variables. The accuracy of the models was measured by the AUC (Area under the ROC curve) values. Sensitive area maps of ice disturbance were generated by both models. Our hypothesis was definitely rejected. Both models performed high predictive accuracy (median AUC > 0.9) with no significant difference in the prediction capacity regarding the reference ice disturbance pattern. Our study demonstrates that ice damage can effectively be predicted if remote sensing interpretation is coupled with GLM as predictive model.  相似文献   

Fatal bovine anaplasmosis in a herd with new genotypes of Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis and concurrent haemoplasmosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hornok S  Micsutka A  Fernández de Mera IG  Meli ML  Gönczi E  Tánczos B  Mangold AJ  Farkas R  Lutz H  Hofmann-Lehmann R  de la Fuente J 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(1):30-35

Haematological and molecular analysis of blood samples was carried out during an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in Hungary. Acute disease was observed in five animals, two of which died. Anaplasma-carrier state was diagnosed in 69 (92%) of cattle. Further evaluation of 24 blood samples revealed concurrent infections with Mycoplasma wenyonii and 'CandidatusM. haemobos' in 22 and 21 animals, respectively. In addition, two cows were identified with rickettsaemia. Regarding molecular investigation of potential hard tick vectors, Haemaphysalis inermis and Dermacentor marginatus males collected from the animals were PCR-negative. However, in one pool (out of 18) of Ixodesricinus males, and in six pools (out of 18) of D. reticulatus males the msp4 gene of Anaplasma marginale was detected. In the same I. ricinus pool Anaplasma ovis was also identified. All ticks were negative for haemoplasmas. Anaplasma sequences yielded 97-99% homology to sequences deposited in the Genbank. This is the first report of fatal bovine anaplasmosis associated with divergent A. marginale genotypes and concurrent 'CandidatusM. haemobos' infection, as well as of an A. ovis strain in ticks collected from cattle.  相似文献   

A rabbit model for studying degeneration and regeneration properties of young striated muscle at different distraction rates     

Berki S  Klára T  Szőke G  Németh T  Dunay MP  Pap K 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2012,60(2):223-232

The present study evaluated the histological changes in the muscle tissue after limb lengthening in skeletally immature rabbits and assessed the effect of different lengthening rates on the regeneration and degeneration properties of striated muscle. Thirteen different lengthening protocols were applied on a total of 16 male domestic white rabbits divided into four groups. The histopathological changes were analysed by a semiquantitative method according to the scoring system of Lee et al. (1993). After evaluation of the five main degenerative parameters (muscle atrophy, internalisation of muscle nuclei, degeneration of the muscle fibre, perimysial and endomysial fibrosis, haematomas), it is evident that rabbits subjected to limb lengthening at a rate of 3.2 mm/day showed more degenerative changes than those limb-lengthened at 0.8 or 1.6 mm/day. Our study showed that the regenerative mechanisms were not endless. If the daily lengthening rate reached the 3.2 mm/day limit, the regenerating ability of the muscle decreased, and signs of degeneration increased significantly.  相似文献   

Ligand-induced changes in Oestrogen and thyroid hormone receptor expression in the developing rat cerebellum: A comparative quantitative PCR and Western blot study     

Scalise TJ  Győrffy A  Tóth I  Kiss DS  Somogyi V  Goszleth G  Bartha T  Frenyó LV  Zsarnovszky A 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2012,60(2):263-284

Oestrogen (E2) and thyroid hormones (THs) are key regulators of cerebellar development. Recent reports implicate a complex mechanism through which E2 and THs influence the expression levels of each other's receptors (ERs and TRs) to precisely mediate developmental signals and modulate signal strength. We examined the modulating effects of E2 and THs on the expression levels of their receptor mRNAs and proteins in cultured cerebellar cells obtained from 7-day-old rat pups. Cerebellar granule cell cultures were treated with either E2, THs or a combination of these hormones, and resulting receptor expression levels were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques. The results were compared to non-treated controls and to samples obtained from 14-day-old in situ cerebella. Additionally, we determined the glial effects on the regulation of ER-TR expression levels. The results show that (i) ER and TR expression depends on the combined presence of E2 and THs; (ii) glial cells mediate the hormonal regulation of neuronal ER-TR expression and (iii) loss of tissue integrity results in characteristic changes in ER-TR expression levels. These observations suggest that both E2 and THs, in adequate amounts, are required for the precise orchestration of cerebellar development and that alterations in the ratio of E2/THs may influence signalling mechanisms involved in neurodevelopment. Comparison of data from in vitro and in situ samples revealed a shift in receptor expression levels after loss of tissue integrity, suggesting that such adjusting/regenerative mechanisms may function after cerebellar tissue injury as well.  相似文献   

First molecular identification of Mycoplasma ovis and 'Candidatus M. haemoovis' from goat, with lack of haemoplasma PCR-positivity in lice     

Hornok S  Hajtós I  Meli ML  Farkas I  Gönczi E  Meili T  Hofmann-Lehmann R 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2012,60(3):355-360

In order to investigate haemotropic Mycoplasma (formerly Eperythrozoon) infection of goats, blood samples and blood-sucking lice (Linognathus stenopsis) were collected in two goat herds. DNA was extracted from 20 blood samples and from 49 lice allocated to six pools according to host individuals. Haemoplasma infection was detected in four goats by real-time PCR. From the sample with the highest bacterial load the simultaneous presence of M. ovis and 'Candidatus M. haemoovis' was demonstrated by cloning and sequencing. Louse pools were haemoplasma negative, including those from bacteraemic animals. However, not only were Anaplasma inclusion bodies seen in blood smears from goats, but relevant PCR-positivity was also detected among lice. This is the first report of a molecular investigation on caprine haemoplasmas, including analysis of their bloodsucking lice. In summary, goats are susceptible to both molecularly characterised ovine haemoplasmas. On the other hand, goat sucking lice (L. stenopsis) do not appear to be potential vectors of these agents.  相似文献   

Evaluation of EnSeal®, an adaptive bipolar electrosurgical tissue-sealing device     

Dunay MP  Jakab C  Németh T 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2012,60(1):27-40

Relatively few, and inconsistent, data are available in the literature about the properties of EnSeal?, an electrosurgical tissue-sealing device. For this reason, we conducted control safety tests on experimental pigs. The mean burst pressure of sealed vessels (2-7 mm in diameter) proved to be 873.89 ± 120.57 mmHg (n = 60). Surface temperature increased to 69.25 ± 0.98 °C in average (n = 22). The mean diameter of the collateral microscopic thermal injury zone was found to be 0.28 ± 0.04 mm, and it did not show significant differences among the groups of tissues studied (n = 183). During our studies, the device worked reliably and met the relevant requirements in all cases. It can be established that EnSeal? enables high-safety clinical interventions at high blood pressure values, in different tissues and even at sites adjacent to heat-sensitive tissues, and thus it paves the way for new operative solutions in both human and veterinary surgery. In our opinion, the discrepancies between data reported in the literature arise from differences in the design of studies and in the designated limit values. To ensure standardisation, we recommend the use of the nitroblue-tetrazolium chloride/lactate dehydrogenase (NBTC/LDH) enzyme histochemical technique for studying thermal injury induced by the different performance levels and application times of devices operating with electromagnetic energy.  相似文献   

Ixodid ticks on ruminants, with on-host initiated moulting (apolysis) of Ixodes, Haemaphysalis and Dermacentor larvae     

Hornok S  Horváth G  Jongejan F  Farkas R 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(1-2):350-353

To screen the host-dependent abundance of hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) developmental stages on ruminants in South Hungary, red and roe deer, as well as goats and sheep were examined in a season, when larvae and nymphs are active. Altogether 2271 ticks were collected. In the relevant period the prevalence of tick-infestation was significantly higher among goats, than among sheep kept in the very same area, most likely in association with the browsing habit of the former. Roe deer and goats were found to be important hosts for Ixodes ricinus and Haemaphysalis concinna larvae, in contrast to the view that this stage does not usually feed on medium-sized mammals. Interestingly, one third of I. ricinus larvae and one larva of H. concinna and of Dermacentor reticulatus collected from goats in the same herd in August have started the moulting process (showed apolysis) on their host, despite being three-host ticks. This is the first survey involving four species of domestic and wild ruminants in Europe to compare the host-preference of ixodid ticks in the same region.  相似文献