Disease resistance induced by nonantagonistic endophytic Streptomyces spp. on tissue-cultured seedlings of rhododendron     

Masafumi Shimizu  Akane Meguro  Sachiko Hasegawa  Tomio Nishimura  Hitoshi Kunoh 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(6):351-354

Of 82 strains of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from rhododendron plants, 12 were not antagonistic against Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, which is the causal agent of Pestalotia disease. Of these 12, MBR-37 and MBR-38 (identified as Streptomyces spp.) grew on IMA-2 medium. Tissue-cultured seedlings of rhododendron treated with these nonantagonistic strains showed less wilting and/or smaller lesions to P. sydowiana, although the degree of resistance was a little lower than that conferred by antagonistic Streptomyces galbus strain R-5. These seedlings accumulated the anthocyanin(s), suggesting that resistance induced by these strains could depend on activated defense responses associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway rather than with antibiosis.  相似文献   

Method to estimate the internal stresses due to moisture in wood using transmission properties of microwaves     

Tomio?TakemuraEmail author  Takashi?Taniguchi 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(1):15-21

The purpose of this paper is to offer a new method for detecting stress in wood due to moisture along the lines of a theory reported previously. According to the theory, the stress in wood could be estimated from the moisture content of the wood and the power voltage of a microwave moisture meter (i.e., attenuation of the projected microwave). This seems to suggest a possibility of utilizing microwaves in the field of stress detection. To develop such an idea, the stress formulas were initially modified to the form of an uni-variable function of power voltage, and the application method of the formulas to detection was tried. Finally, these results were applied to the data of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) lumber in the previous experiment. The estimated strains showed fairly good agreement with those observed. It could be concluded from this study that the proposed method might be available for detecting stress in wood due to moisture.Part of this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002  相似文献   

Different patterns of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive innervation in the internal carotid artery and cerebral arterial tree of the quail     

Ando K  Kusaba H  Soh T  Iwamoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):177-183

The innervation pattern of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive (VIP-IR) nerves in the quail internal carotid artery (ICA) and cerebral arterial tree was investigated and compared with that of acetylcholinesterase-positive (AChE-P) nerves. The supply of VIP-IR nerves to the two arterial systems was distinctly richer than that of AChE-P nerves. It was focused mainly on the walls from the distal ICA to the caudal half of the anterior ramus (AR) through the cerebral carotid artery (CCA). Indeed, double staining clearly showed that numerous VIP+/AChE-axons were distributed over these arterial regions where VIP+/AChE+ or AChE+/VIP- axons were sporadic or often lacking. The finding that nerve bundles accompanying the ICA within the carotid canal contained abundant VIP+/AChE- nerve cells suggests that cerebrovascular VIP-IR nerves in the quail have their major source at these neurons and enter the cranial cavity through the CCA. Another significant finding was that a small number of nerve cells, which were mostly stained for AChE alone and occasionally for VIP alone or both, occurred in the major arteries located more rostral than the middle AR. Thus, the quail cerebral arterial tree, at least the rostral segment of the anterior circulation, is multiply innervated by these three distinct categories of the extracranial and intracranial VIP-IR and AChE-P neurons.  相似文献   

Effect of organic matier application and water regimes on the transformation of fertilizer nitrogen in a Philippine soil     

Tomio Yoshida  Benjamin C. Padre Jr. 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):281-292

Greenhouse experiments using the tracer technique showed that about 20 per cent of the fertilizer nitrogen added as basal to the Maahas clay soil wa11 immobilized in submerged soils to which no organic material was added. The addition of organic matter to the soil increases the amount of nitrogen immobilized and the magnitude depends on the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the materials added. More fertilizer nitrogen waa immobilized in the soils under upland and alternate wet-and-dry conditions than under submerged soil conditions.

The uptake of fertilizer nitrogen by rice plants growing under submerged soil conditions ceased at the vegetative stage of growth because only a small amou11t of available nitrogen remains in the soil at this time, but the rice plant continued to absorb gradually untagged nitrogen from the soil throughout the reproductive etages of growth.

Losses of fertilizer nitrogen were great under the alternate wet-and-dry conditions (submerged-upland). The loss of nitrogen from the soli-plant system was reduced by the addition of dee straw, which also reduced the uptake of fertilizer nitrogen but not the total dry matter production under the experimental conditions. Fertilizer nitrogen immobilized during the first crop remained mostly in the soil throughout the full period of the second crop.

The total nitrogen uptake by rice plants was not affected by the soil moisture tension under the upland conaltlons used in the study but the movement of nitrogen from the leaves to the panicles during the reproductive etage seemed to decrease as the soil moisture tension increased.  相似文献   

Induced Resistance of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (CGA 245704) to Cucumber and Japanese Pear Diseases   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Hideo Ishii  Yasunori Tomita  Takeshi Horio  Yoshihiro Narusaka  Yasuhiko Nakazawa  Kumiko Nishimura  Susumu Iwamoto 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(1):77-85

Antifungal activity of the novel compound acibenzolar-S-methyl (CGA245704: benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester) was examined in vitro. No remarkable activity was observed on mycelial growth and conidial germination of almost all fungi tested. Only melon isolates of Didymella bryoniae were sensitive to this compound. On potted plants, acibenzolar-S-methyl showed control efficacy on anthracnose and scab of cucumber and rust of Japanese pear but not on Fusarium wilt of cucumber. In field trials, the occurrence of both rust and scab on Japanese pear was suppressed with this compound. Based on these experiments, it was suggested that acibenzolar-S-methyl induced resistance to some but not all diseases on cucumber and Japanese pear. Induction of disease resistance in cucumber was rapidly triggered after treatment with acibenzolar-S-methyl.  相似文献   

Habitat and prey selection of common minke,sei, and Bryde’s whales in mesoscale during summer in the subarctic and transition regions of the western North Pacific     

Hikaru Watanabe  Makoto Okazaki  Tsutomu Tamura  Kenji Konishi  Denzo Inagake  Takeharu Bando  Hiroshi Kiwada  Tomio Miyashita 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(3):557-567

This study represents the first quantitative analysis of the characteristics of the distribution areas and stomach contents of common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, sei whale B. borealis, and Bryde’s whale B. edeni in relation to oceanographic and prey environments in mid summer in the western North Pacific. Common minke whales were distributed within subarctic regions and the northernmost region of the transitional domain, coinciding with the main habitat of their preferred prey, Pacific saury Cololabis saira. Sei whales were mainly found in the northernmost part of the transition zone and showed prey preference for Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonica, which was significantly more abundant in the main distribution area of the whale than in its adjacent areas. “Hot spots” of Bryde’s whales were found in several regions of the transition zone between the subarctic boundary and the Kuroshio front. This whale species preferred Japanese anchovy as prey, for which the distribution density was significantly higher in the main distribution area of the whale than in the adjacent areas. These results indicate that the summer distributions of Pacific saury and Japanese anchovy greatly influence the distributions of these whale species, suggesting that the whales’ habitat selection is closely related to their prey selection.  相似文献   

Degradation of 2, 4-D, 2, 4, 5-T,and picloram in two Philippine soils     

Tomio Yoshida  T.F. Castro 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):397-404

The degradation of 2, 4-D, 2, 4, 5-T, and picloram in two Philippine soils was investigated under upland and flooded (submerged) conditions. These herbicides degraded in both upland and flooded Maahas clay and Luisiana clay soils. The rate of degradation of the herbicides was more rapid in the Maahas clay soil than in the Luisiana clay soil. Among the three herbicides, 2, 4-D was the least persistent and picloram was the most persistent in both soils under both submerged and upland conditions. 2, 4, 5-T degraded more actively in the two Philippine soils in this study than studies previously reported in the available literature. The fact that both the 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T did not degrade in sterilized soils during the incubation period suggests that the degradation is due to the microbial activity in the soils.  相似文献   

Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by photosynthetic microorganisms in a submerged Philippine soil     

Tomio Yoshida  Rosabel A. Roncal  Ellen M. Bautista 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):117-123

Photosynthetic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms help maintain the nitrogen level of soil in rice paddies when environmental factors favor the growth of microorganisms. Our studies showed that blue-green algae in particular have a significant role in nitrogen-fixation in light. The most active nitrogen-fixation by microorganisms occurred in the soil shortly after it had been submerged under light. The longer the submergence, the less nitrogen microorganisms were fixed. In a greenhouse experiment, the fixed nitrogen appeared not to be immediately available to the rice plant. The amount of nitrogen that can be fixed in the field by nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in paddy water was estimated using the acetylene reduction method during the rice-growing period. The amount of nitrogen fixation by these microorganisms is not sufficient to account for the amount of nitrogen uptake by rice during the rice-growing period.  相似文献   

Formation and degradation of ethylene in submerged rice soils     

Tomio Yoshida  Masaaki Suzuki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):129-135

Ethylene formation in submerged soils and ethylene degradation by rice roots and soils were investigated. Ethylene was formed in rice soils in amounts which may deleteriously affect the growth of rice seedlings. Ethylene formation was markedly enhanced when organic materials such as glucose or rice straw were added to the soil. The rice roots, especially those taken from lowland and rice fields, showed notable ethylene-degradation activity; the rhizosphere microorganisms of the lowland rice appeared to be responsible for the ethylene-degradation activity. Lowland soils which have been continually submerged for a long time also showed ethylene-degradation activity. Upland soil and soil recently submerged, however, showed little degradation activity.  相似文献   

Evaluation of N2 fixation by applying 15N labeled plant material and ammonium sulfate     

Chih-Yu Chiu  Tomio Yoshida 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):651-657

Effect of different ¹⁵N labeled sources on the estimation of N₂ fixation was investigated. The combination of ¹⁵N labeled ammonium sulfate, ¹⁵N labeled plant material, and ¹⁵N labeled ammonium sulfate with unlabeled plant material, was examined in pot experiments. Two cultivars of soybean (Glycine max) and one of mungbean (Vigna radiata) were used. No significant difference was observed among the treatments for the estimation of N₂ fixation. This was due to the homogeneity and stability of the ¹⁵N abundance in soil which resulted in a similar N uptake from the soil by the N² fixing and reference crops. The plant yield, total N uptake and amount of N₂ fixed were higher in the Yellow Soil than in the Andosol. The amount of N₂ fixed was strongly influenced by the plant growth and consequently it affected the plant yield. The slow decomposition of plant material in the Andosol resulted in a low yield in both the N₂ fixing and reference crops. Thus, the artificial decrease of the available N content in soil, by application of plant material, did not stimulate N, fixation but suppressed plant growth and N₂ fixation.  相似文献