Development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for H7N7 equine influenza virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nemoto M  Yamanaka T  Bannai H  Tsujimura K  Kondo T  Matsumura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(7):929-931

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Interspecies transmission of equine influenza virus (H3N8) to dogs by close contact with experimentally infected horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takashi Yamanaka  Manabu Nemoto  Koji Tsujimura  Takashi Kondo  Tomio Matsumura 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,139(3-4):351-355

In horse populations, influenza A virus subtype H3N8 (equine influenza virus, EIV) is a very important pathogen that leads to acute respiratory disease. Recently, EIV has emerged in dogs, and has become widespread among the canine population in the United States. The interspecies transmission route had thus far remained unclear. Here, we tested whether the interspecies transmission of EIV to dogs could occur as a result of close contact with experimentally EIV-infected horses. Three pairs consisting of an EIV-infected horse and a healthy dog were kept together in individual stalls for 15 consecutive days. A subsequent hemagglutination inhibition test revealed that all three dogs exhibited seroconversion. Moreover, two of the three dogs exhibited virus shedding. However, the dogs exhibited no clinical signs throughout the course of the study. These data suggest that the interspecies transmission of EIV to dogs could occur as a result of close contact with EIV-infected horses without clinical symptoms. Although the interspecies transmission of EIV is unlikely to become an immediate threat to canine hygiene, close contact between EIV-infected horses and dogs should be avoided during an EI epidemic.  相似文献   

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and cattle manure in the establishment of Tocoyena selloana Schum. in mined dune areas     

Renata Gomes de Souza  Bruno Tomio Goto  Danielle Karla Alves da Silva  Fábio Sérgio Barbosa da Silva  Everardo V.S.B. Sampaio  Leonor Costa Maia 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2010,46(3-4):237-242

In mined dune areas, revegetation with manured seedlings of native species is a common practice. Establishment of mycorrhized Tocoyena selloana seedlings in the mined coastal sand dunes of Northeast Brazil was tested. In greenhouse, seedlings were grown in substrates with 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20% cattle manure proportions and inoculated with Acaulospora longula, a mixture of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or uninoculated. The seedlings responded positively to the inoculation, but growth was limited in the absence of manure, independently of inoculation, and was higher with fertilizing doses ≥10%. The seedlings transplanted to the field were grown in a substrate with 16.5% manure and inoculated with A. longula or Gigaspora albida. After 13 months, 19 AMF species were identified in the rhizosphere and the inoculated plants were more colonized than those uninoculated. Plants associated to G. albida were taller and those associated to A. longula had a tendency of higher biomass than the uninoculated ones. Even though this tendency was not statistically significant, considering the effect on height and the low cost of inoculation it may be a feasible practice to maximize environment restoration.  相似文献   

First case report of Sarcocystis neurona-induced equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in Japan     

Katayama Y  Wada R  Kanemaru T  Sasagawa T  Uchiyama T  Matsumura T  Anzai T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(6):757-759

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis developed in a three-year-old male Thoroughbred racehorse imported from the United States. The animal showed astasia five days after the onset of ataxia. Histopathologically, focal nonpurulent myelitis accompanied by hemorrhage and perivascular infiltration was observed in the fourth and fifth cervical spinal cord. Immunohistochemically, shizonts were occasionally observed and were positive for anti-Sarcocystis neurona (S. neurona) antiserum. S. neurona-specific antibodies were detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid by Western blot. This is the first equine protozoal myeloencephalitis case in Japan.  相似文献   

Evaluation of antigen detection kits for diagnosis of equine influenza     

Yamanaka T  Tsujimura K  Kondo T  Matsumura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(2):189-192

In this study, we evaluated whether five rapid antigen detection kits for human influenza could be used for the diagnosis of equine influenza (EI). Limiting dilution analyses showed that Directigen Flu A+B and ESPLINE INFLUENZA A&B-N had the highest sensitivities to equine-2 influenza viruses (EIVs) among the kits investigated. From the results of virus detection in nasal swabs taken from horses infected with EIV, these two kits could produce positive results in reasonable agreement with those obtained by virus isolation or RT-PCR, suggesting that these kits could be useful for rapid diagnosis of EI in the field. However, from the viewpoint of specificity for EIV, Espline seems to be superior to Directigen.  相似文献   

Therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of milbemycin oxime (Interceptor) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally exposed dogs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ferroglio E  Rossi L  Tomio E  Schenker R  Bianciardi P 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,154(3-4):351-353

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic activity of milbemycin oxime (Interceptor, Novartis Animal Health) against the eye-worm Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) infection. In Trial 1, the therapeutic efficacy of milbemycin oxime was evaluated in 55 naturally infected dogs treated with min. 0.5mg/kg milbemycin oxime. The dogs were clinically examined for the presence of eyeworms before and again 7 days after treatment. Dogs still positive were given a second treatment and re-checked again a week later. Forty-eight of the 55 dogs tested negative 1 week after treatment (87.3% reduction of infection rate). Following the second treatment 6 of these 7 dogs tested negative 1 week later resulting, after two treatments, in a reduction of infection rate of 98.2%. In Trial 2, the prophylactic efficacy of milbemycin oxime was evaluated in 60 uninfected dogs. Thirty dogs were treated with milbemycin oxime monthly from June to November with the recommended dose rate for the prevention of heartworm disease (> or =0.5mg/kg), 30 dogs served as untreated controls. At the end of the trail 1 dog in the treated group and 10 dogs in the control group became infected during the trial. The incidence of infection differed significantly between treated and control dogs (p=0.0056). The efficacy of the prophylactic use of a monthly treatment with milbemycin oxime showed 90% efficacy in reducing T. callipaeda infection rate.  相似文献   

Density and sound-speed contrasts,and target strength of Japanese sandeel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ammodytes personatus</Emphasis>     

Hiroki Yasuma  Ryo Nakagawa  Takashi Yamakawa  Kazushi Miyashita  Ichiro Aoki 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):545-552

Sound-speed and density contrasts (h and g, respectively), important acoustic material properties, of Japanese sandeel Ammodytes personatus were measured to estimate theoretical target strength (TS). The measured sound-speed contrast of adult fish varied between 1.016 and 1.023 (mean 1.020), and showed temperature dependence. The measured density contrast differed significantly between juvenile and adult. The density contrast of juvenile varied between 1.017 and 1.024 (1.021), and that of adult varied between 1.026 and 1.038 (1.032). Using these results, TS at 38 and 120 kHz in the fishing season were estimated by an empirical sound scattering model. TS of an individual fish varied significantly with change of tilt angle. TS of near-dorsal aspect (TS_max) and tilt-averaged TS (TS_ave) differed by up to 7 dB. At both frequencies, two different TS_ave−length relationships (TS_ave = a log L + b) were obtained for adult and juvenile. The coefficients of log L of adult were close to 20, suggesting that backscattering strength was proportional to square of body length. These values were larger in juvenile (34.0 at 120 kHz, 56.5 at 38 kHz), suggesting that backscattering strength varied drastically with the cube or fifth power of body length.  相似文献   

Toward sustainable management of small cetacean fisheries around Japan     

Hiroshi Okamura  Toshihide Iwasaki  Tomio Miyashita 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(4):718-729

Abstract:   The management of Japanese domestic fisheries for small cetaceans has been based on a traditional approach that involves only the best set of assumptions and data. However, uncertainty, which is pervasive and inevitable for most fisheries resources, often leads the traditional approach to serious failure. Here is presented the basic framework of a simulation-based approach with a simple Bayesian method that is applicable to Japanese fisheries for small cetaceans. For illustration, the simulation model was applied to Dall's porpoise data in order to investigate the robustness of several management procedures against uncertainty. The simulation showed that the current management procedure, based on only the best values, could fail to manage the stocks at a considerably high probability. However, the use of the conservative management procedure, potential biological removal, permits the sustainable harvesting of Dall's porpoise for at least 100 years into the future, even under uncertainty. In conjunction with a firm structure for implementation of management procedures, the spread of simulation-based approaches will quickly enable successful sustainable management of small cetaceans.  相似文献   

In vitro induction of the amphiploid in interspecific hybrid of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum × Vaccinium ashei) with colchicine treatment     

Chieko Miyashita  Shunji Ishikawa  Masahiro Mii 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,122(3):375-379

Amphiploids were produced from pentaploid hybrids between Vaccinium corymbosum (4x) and Vaccinium ashei (6x) by colchicine treatment. Seeds of each parental species and those obtained by the interspecific crossing were treated with colchicine at 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/l for 7 days, and the ploidy level of the seedlings was determined with flow cytometry. Either amphiploid (10x) or ploidy chimera (5x + 10x) was obtained from interspecific hybrid seeds treated with all colchicine concentrations, while no chromosome-doubled plants were obtained from both parents. Cross direction in interspecific hybridization affected the results of colchicine treatment and amphiploids were obtained only when V. corymbosum was used as the seed parent. In this cross, 17–25% of the seedlings turned to be amphidiploids or ploidy chimeras by treating with 500 mg/l colchicines for 7 days. These results indicate that susceptibility to colchicine may increase in the interspecific hybrid compared with the parental species but only when V. corymbosum was used as female parent.  相似文献   

Basin-scale distribution pattern and biomass estimation of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus in the western North Pacific     

Hiroto Murase  Atsushi Kawabata  Hiroshi Kubota  Masayasu Nakagami  Kazuo Amakasu  Koki Abe  Kazushi Miyashita  Yoshioki Oozeki 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(4):761-773

The distribution pattern and biomass of the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus in the offshore region of the western North Pacific (north of 35°N and west of 170°E) were studied using a quantitative echosounder. This is the first attempt at such a study in this region. Data were collected in summer from 2004 to 2007. The biomass was estimated using data collected at 38?kHz. Species compositions in the backscatterings from pelagic fish were assigned based on the results of trawl hauls taking account of sea surface temperature (SST). Japanese anchovy tended to be high density to the west of 153°E and were distributed in an SST range of 9?C24?°C. Although the temporal and spatial coverage of the survey differed each year, at least 1.5?C3.4 million tons of Japanese anchovy were present in the survey area between 2004 and 2007. To take account of the spatial coverage of the survey each year, the most reliable biomass estimate for this region in the time period was 3.4 million tons (coefficient of variation?0.22).  相似文献