Molecular characterization and analysis of equine rotavirus circulating in Japan from 2003 to 2008     

Nemoto M  Tsunemitsu H  Imagawa H  Hata H  Higuchi T  Sato S  Orita Y  Sugita S  Bannai H  Tsujimura K  Yamanaka T  Kondo T  Matsumura T 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(1-2):67-73

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Evaluation of the Usefulness of a PCR Assay Performed at a Clinical Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Respiratory Disease Induced by Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in the Field     

Minoru OHTA  Manabu NEMOTO  Koji TSUJIMURA  Takashi KONDO  Tomio MATSUMURA 《Journal of Equine Science》2011,22(3):53-56

A PCR assay for the diagnosis of respiratory disease induced by equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was performed at the clinical laboratory in the Racehorse Clinic of the Ritto Training Center of the Japan Racing Association from December 2007 to March 2008. The assay was performed without the trouble of contamination throughout the study and its turnaround time was approximately 6 hr. The PCR detection rates of EHV-1 among seroconverted horses were 22.2% for nasal swabs and 33.3% for blood samples. However, EHV-1 DNA was also detected in horses without seroconversion at a low rate. These results indicated that the PCR assay should be used as an adjunct method, but would help to make an early diagnosis of EHV-1 infection.  相似文献   

In vitro culture of endosperm and its application in plant breeding: Approaches to polyploidy breeding     

Yoichiro Hoshino  Tomomi Miyashita  Thuruthiyil Dennis Thomas 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

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Production of antiserum and immunodetection of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,a novel whitefly-transmitted crinivirus     

Kenji Kubota  Tomio Usugi  Shinya Tsuda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(2):116-120

Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), a whitefly-transmitted virus, is a new member of the Crinivirus genus, that causes major economic losses in cucumber, melon and watermelon crops. To develop immunodiagnostic methods for CCYV, we produced an antiserum by immunizing rabbits with bacterially expressed recombinant coat protein of CCYV and detected CCYV from CCYV-infected plants with western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy. CCYV in extracts from infected plants was also readily detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with high sensitivity and specificity. A tissue blot immunoassay indicated that CCYV localizes in the phloem tissues of the petiole and is distributed in tiny spots within the leaf lamina.  相似文献   

Conversion of working memory to motor sequence in the monkey premotor cortex     

Ohbayashi M  Ohki K  Miyashita Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5630):233-236

To plan a serial order behavior, we hold serial sensory information in our minds and convert it to a movement program. We trained monkeys to memorize a sequence of positional cues and to reproduce it by making saccades in either the original or reverse order. The order was determined in the middle of a trial on the basis of an instruction stimulus. Triggered by the instruction stimulus, single neurons in the dorsal premotor cortex became transiently active only when the order needed to be determined. These transient neurons, together with nearby sustained neurons that hold information on cue or movement sequences, appear to mediate the generation of a motor program from the maintained information.  相似文献   

Decomposition of rice residue in tropical soils     

Tadakatsu Yoneyama  Tomio Yoshida 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):175-183

Nitrogen mineralization and immobilization of rice residue in Maahas clay soil under lowland and upland conditions were investigated by using ¹⁵N-labelled rice straw. The mineralization of residue-nitrogen was taking place even though the net mineralization was depressed by incorporation of rice residue.

There were some significant differences in the pattern of nitrogen transformation between lowland and upland soil conditions. The nitrogen transformation measured by mineralization of soil nitrogen and rice-residue nitrogen and the nitrogen immobilization into rice residue were more active under lowland conditions than under upland conditions, during the earlier period of residue decomposition.  相似文献   

Ontogenetic changes in RNA,DNA and protein contents of laboratory-reared Pacific bluefin tuna <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus orientalis</Emphasis>     

Yosuke Tanaka  Woo-Seok Gwak  Masaru Tanaka  Yoshifumi Sawada  Tokihiko Okada  Shigeru Miyashita  Hidemi Kumai 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):378-384

ABSTRACT:     The ontogenetic changes in the growth potential of larval and juvenile laboratory-reared Pacific bluefin tuna were examined based on RNA–DNA and protein–DNA ratios. Experimental fish were reared at the Ohshima Experiment Station of Kinki University Fisheries Laboratory in August 2002. Samples were taken from 13 to 35 days after hatching (DAH). Metamorphosis from larva to the juvenile stage was observed around 23 DAH. Somatic growth of Pacific bluefin tuna was accelerated after metamorphosis. The value of the RNA–DNA ratio from 13 to 19 DAH increased slightly from 3.77 ± 0.58 (mean ± SD) to 7.28 ± 2.23. After that, the ratio markedly increased from 13.89 ± 3.71 on 21 DAH to 19.11 ± 4.27 on 23 DAH, which was the end of the metamorphic period. After 25 DAH, the ratio remained at a high level of 15–20. The protein–DNA ratio showed a similar tendency to the RNA–DNA ratio. These results suggest that the rapid increase in the RNA–DNA ratio in the metamorphic period supports the consequent rapid somatic growth in the juvenile stage. The high ratio after the metamorphic period could be because of the species-specific traits large prey exhibit for their survival and because of the tuna's fast -growth after the juvenile stage.  相似文献   

Testes maturation of reared Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis at two-plus years old     

Yoshifumi Sawada  Manabu Seoka  Keitaro Kato  Toshihiro Tamura  Masahiro Nakatani  Shoji Hayashi  Tokihiko Okada  Kenichi Tose  Shigeru Miyashita  Osamu Murata  Hidemi Kumai 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(5):1070-1077

ABSTRACT:   Stable reproduction is essential for supplying artificially hatched fish to tuna aquaculture. We observed testes maturation in reared Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) Thunnus orientalis at 2+ years of age. The incidence of males with mature testes was 25.0%, and 40% of the males had developing testes that contain spermatozoa, while oocytes of the same aged females were not mature. These fish were wild-caught at 0+ years old in August 1997 and the gonads were examined in October 1998 and January–February 2000. Therefore, the age at examination in 2000 was estimated to be 2 years and 7–10 months old considering the spawning season of the wild PBT and the size when captured. Histological examination of the matured and developing testes showed that they contained spermatozoa, spermatids, spermatocytes, and spermatogonia. All the spermatozoa were observed to be motile in sea water under light microscopy. From the results of this and previous studies, matured males are probably fertile for at least 5 months a year in Kushimoto. The testes maturation observed at young age in captivity is considered promising to reduce the cost of broodstock maintenance for the juvenile production of PBT, especially if the sperm are cryopreserved.  相似文献   

Association between bacterial community structures and mortality of fish larvae in intensive rearing systems     

Gentoku Nakase  Yoshizumi Nakagawa  Shigeru Miyashita  Toshiro Nasu  Shigeharu Senoo  Hiroko Matsubara  Mitsuru Eguchi 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):784-791

Bacterial community structures were analyzed in water used for rearing fish larvae by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In Experiment 1, red sea bream Pagrus major larvae were reared in two commercial seed production tanks. The survival rate in Tank 1 was higher than in Tank 2, even though phytoplankton, Nannochloropsis sp., was added to both tanks. In Tank 2, γ-proteobacteria became dominant (∼70% of total bacteria) on day 13, there after heavy larval mortalities occurred. In Tank 1, however, α-proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster were predominant from day − 1 until day 13; no significant mortality was recorded. In Experiment 2, marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus larvae were cultured with or without Nannochloropsis sp. At the end of the experiment, larval survival rates in aquaria with Nannochloropsis sp. were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those without. In rearing water without Nannochloropsis sp., γ-proteobacteria increased during rearing. In rearing water with Nannochloropsis sp., α-prote obacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster were predominant at the beginning of the experiments and the relative abundance of γ-proteobacteria was maintained at a lower level throughout the experiments. The predominance of α-proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster appears to be a good indicator of successful larval production.  相似文献   

Effect of fasting on physical/chemical properties of ordinary muscles in full-cycle cultured Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis during chilled storage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshi-Nori Nakamura  Masashi Ando  Manabu Seoka  Ken-Ichi Kawasaki  Yoshifumi Sawada  Shigeru Miyashita  Tokihiko Okada  Hidemi Kumai  Yasuyuki Tsukamasa 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(5):1079-1085

Using the full-cycle cultured (FC) Pacific bluefin tuna [body weight 16.3±1.9 kg (pre-fasting group, pre-FG), 14.2±0.9 kg (post-fasting group, post-FG)], changes in the physical/chemical properties of the cephalal parts of dorsal (D) and ventral (V) ordinary muscles (OM) by fasting (6 days) during chilled storage (4°C) were investigated. Condition factors were 26.7 (pre-FG) and 20.3 (post-FG, P < 0.05). Fasting changed the liver color to green. Fasting also decreased the amount of protein and lipid contents of the DOM and VOM of FC tuna. The breaking strength and pH of the DOM and VOM of post-FG tuna were higher (P <0.05) than for pre-FG tuna during storage. In contrast, the glycogen contents of DOM and VOM of post-FG tuna were lower than for pre-FG tuna. The color values (L*, a* and b*) of DOM of post-FG tuna were lower than for pre-FG tuna throughout the storage period. In addition, the metmyoglobin (metMb) content of DOM of post-FG tuna was lower (P <0.05) than that of pre-FG tuna, and the metMb content of VOM of post-FG tuna remained low after fasting. These results indicate that fasting suppresses deterioration (especially meat color) of FC tuna muscles during chilled storage.  相似文献