Effects of area and isolation of woodland patches on herbaceous plant species richness across Great Britain   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

Petit  Sandrine  Griffiths  Leila  Smart  Simon S.  Smith  Geoff M.  Stuart  Rick C.  Wright  Simon M. 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(5):463-471

Richness of Ancient Woodland Indicator plant species was analysed in 308 woodland patches that were surveyed during the Countryside Survey of Great Britain carried out in 1998. The Countryside Survey recorded vegetation plots and landscape structure in 569 stratified 1 km sample squares and developed a remotely-sensed land cover map of the UK. Using these datasets, we tested the hypothesis that Ancient Woodland Indicator species richness in woodland fragments was limited by patch area, shape and spatial isolation and that woodland patches located in the lowland region of Great Britain would respond differently than those in the upland region. The variation in Ancient Woodland Indicator species richness in the British lowlands (n = 218) was mainly explained by patch area and two measures of connectivity, the length of hedgerows and lines of trees in the 1 km square and the area of woodland within 500 m of the vegetation plot. By contrast, variation in Ancient Woodland Indicator species richness in the British uplands (n = 90) was related to Ellenberg scores of the vegetation communities sampled – a surrogate for habitat quality – and no significant effect of spatial structure was detected. It therefore appears that the degree of fragmentation of woodland in the British lowlands limits the distribution of Ancient Woodland Indicator species, while in the uplands, failed colonisation is a matter of habitat quality rather than a result of landscape structure.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Bilateral phacofragmentation in a New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri).     

Julie A Barnes  Jeffrey S Smith 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2004,35(1):110-112

Ophthalmic examination under anesthesia of a 5-yr-old, captive, male New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) with reduced visual capacity revealed bilateral cataracts. Surgical extraction of the lenses was performed by phacofragmentation. Preoperative mydriasis was unsuccessful using common topical mydriatic agents. Intraoperative intracameral epinephrine 1:10,000 produced minimal pupillary dilation, but excellent dilation was achieved with intracameral epinephrine at 1:1,000. Postoperative uveitis was controlled with oral prednisolone. Postoperative complications included generalized corneal edema persisting for approximately 1 wk and corneal ulceration caused by the lateral canthotomy sutures. Vision was restored in both eyes.  相似文献   

Spontaneous neoplasms of lagomorphs.     

J Jill Heatley  Annette N Smith 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2004,7(3):561-77, v

Many of the same neoplastic processes reported in companion animal medicine have been documented in lagomorphs. With only a few reports in the literature regarding rabbits and hares, the behavior of many of these tumors cannot be predicted. Further, based on limited current knowledge, the practitioner is left to make decisions for diagnostics and therapeutics in these cases based upon current recommendations for companion animals with adjustments for lagomorph physiology. We hope that this review of lagomorph neoplasia will inform the general practitioner of the occurrence of these tumors, promote further documentation and research of these processes in rabbits, and encourage the practitioner of rabbit medicine along with rabbit owners to consult with veterinary oncologists regarding neoplastic processes in rabbits rather than just giving a guarded prognosis.  相似文献   

Abdominal fat necrosis in a pygmy goat associated with fescue toxicosis.     

Geoffrey W Smith  David S Rotstein  Cecil F Brownie 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(4):356-359

Abdominal fat necrosis was diagnosed in an 11-year-old female pygmy goat with a 10-day history of lethargy, anorexia, and progressive abdominal distension. Gross necropsy findings revealed multiple firm, dark yellow, nodular masses of fat throughout the abdominal cavity, which compressed several abdominal organs including the rumen, small intestine, spiral colon, and gall bladder. Histologically, multiple to coalescing adipocyte necrosis, saponification, and infiltration with variable numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells was observed. Fat necrosis in this case was attributed to tall fescue toxicity based on the presence of high levels of endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected fescue identified in the goat's pasture. This is the first known report of abdominal fat necrosis in a goat and demonstrates the fat necrosis syndrome of fescue toxicosis in ruminants.  相似文献   

Feline arterial thromboembolism: an update.     

Stephanie A Smith  Anthony H Tobias 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2004,34(5):1245-1271

ATE remains a devastating complication of cardiac disease. Despite some improvements in our understanding of the underlying causes and clinical features of this disease, short-term management remains a challenge, and mortality is high. Long-term mortality is primarily attributable to the severe underlying cardiac disease. Many questions remain to be answered regarding the ideal management approach for feline ATE. The authors' preferred diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these difficult patients are detailed in Box. 1.  相似文献   

Evolution of equine infection control programs.     

Bradford P Smith 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2004,20(3):521-30, v

The science of control of infectious diseases in hospitals was born in 1847 when Semmelweis, a physician, ordered his medical students to scrub their hands in chlorinated lime water between patients and demonstrated that this simple procedure resulted ina dramatic decline in patient morbidity and mortality. In the late nineteenth century came huge breakthroughs in the understanding that microorganisms cause many disorders, and methods to eliminate and control these microorganisms were attempted. By 1910, sterile instruments, gowns, masks, and gloves had become standard for surgical procedures in large university human hospitals, and isolation of human and veterinary patients with contagious diseases became standard. With the advent of vaccines, many epidemic viral diseases could be controlled, and antimicrobial drugs allowed many previously devastating bacterial diseases to be treated effectively. Before long, however, bacterial resistance became an important issue and remains so today, particularly for Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in horses. Vaccination has decreased the number of animals susceptible to equine influenza and equine herpesvirus 1, yet these contagious diseases still pose a serious issue in large equine veterinary hospitals. The development of equine isolation facilities and improved methods of barn cleaning; mandatory application of procedures, such as handwashing or use of disinfectant hand wipes, to prevent the spread of infectious diseases; and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and use of restricted antimicrobial drugs were driven by recognition and necessity and have given rise to current equine infection control programs.  相似文献   

Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition (2003), 2nd edn     

Smith  David 《Tropical animal health and production》2004,36(8):774-774

Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

Removal of hemangiosarcoma cells from canine blood with a cell salvage system and leukocyte reduction filter          下载免费PDF全文

Brittany Ciepluch DVM  MS  Heather Wilson‐Robles DVM  DACVIM  Gwendolyn Levine DVM  DACVP  Roger Smith DVM  PhD  Gus A. Wright PhD  Tasha Miller BS  Maureen T. O'Brien DVM  MS  DACVP  Kelley M. Thieman Mankin DVM  MS  DACVS‐SA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2018,47(2):293-301

  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of transdermal flunixin meglumine in adult Holstein dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

M. D. Kleinhenz  P. J. Gorden  J. S. Smith  J. A. Schleining  K. E. Kleinhenz  L. L. Wulf  P. K. Sidhu  D. Rea  J. F. Coetzee 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(3):490-493

A transdermal formulation of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, flunixin meglumine, has been approved in the United States and Canada for single‐dose administration. Transdermal flunixin meglumine was administered to 10 adult Holstein cows in their second or third lactation at the label dose of 3.33 mg/kg every 24 hr for three total treatments. Plasma flunixin concentrations were determined using high‐pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy (HPLC ‐MS ). Pharmacokinetic analysis was completed on each individual animal with noncompartmental methods using computer software. The time to maximum drug concentration (T max) was 2.81 hr, and the maximum drug concentration was 1.08 μg/ml. The mean terminal half‐life (T½) was determined to be 5.20 hr. Clearance per fraction absorbed (Cl/F) was calculated to be 0.294 L/hr kg^?1, and volume of distribution of fraction (V z/F ) absorbed was 2.20 L/kg. The mean accumulation factor was 1.10 after three doses. This indicates changes in dosing may not be required when giving multiple doses of flunixin transdermal. Further work is required to investigate the clinical efficacy of transdermal flunixin after multiple daily doses.  相似文献   

I,River?: New materialism,riparian non‐human agency and the scale of democratic reform     

James L. Smith 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2017,58(1):99-111

This article is a discussion of the “discourse on the unthinkable” surrounding potential future democratic engagements with rivers as non‐human persons or natural objects. In the context of the Asia–Pacific region, this article suggests that the developments in material philosophy entitled “new materialism” are essential tools in the reconceptualisation of rivers as democratic entities but that local socio‐historical conditions must also be taken into the account. In order to make its case, the article not only surveys the context for considering rivers as non‐human persons in a juridical context but also discusses the new material context that assists modern democracies in the renegotiation of the demos that forms the body politic of democracy – often in the face of neoliberal exploitation and a legacy of extremes in instrumentalism. The article argues that the incorporation of water in the democratic project of enfranchisement is an essential exercise born of many Western beliefs and ideals but articulated uniquely at a regional and national level.  相似文献