Characterization of royal jelly proteins in both Africanized and European honeybees (Apis mellifera) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sano O  Kunikata T  Kohno K  Iwaki K  Ikeda M  Kurimoto M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(1):15-20

In this study, the proteins contained in royal jelly (RJ) produced by Africanized honeybees and European honeybees (Apis mellifera) haven been analyzed in detail and compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of each spot has been determined. Most spots were assigned to major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). Remarkable differences were found in the heterogeneity of the MRJPs, in particular MRJP3, in terms of molecular weights and isoelectric points between the two species of RJ. Furthermore, during the determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of each spot, for the first time, MRJP4 protein has been identified, the existence of which had been only implied by cloning of its cDNA sequence. The presence of heterogeneous bands of glucose oxidase was also identified. Thus, the results suggest that two-dimensional gel electrophoresis provides a suitable method for the qualitative analysis of the proteins contained in RJ derived from different honeybee species.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance and feed selection of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax fry fed with demand-feeders   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Jose  BROTONS MARTINEZ  Stavros  CHATZIFOTIS  Pascal  DIVANACH  Toshio  TAKEUCHI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(1):74-79

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In Memoriam     

Toshio Takeuchi 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(6):1191-1191

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Transgenic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) over-expressing growth hormone show reduced ammonia excretion     

Snin-ichiro Kobayashi  Alimuddin  Tetsuro Morita  Misako Miwa  Jun Lu  Masato Endo  Toshio Takeuchi  Goro Yoshizaki   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):427-435

The growth of aquaculture has negatively affected the environment due to the high levels of nitrogen excreted by farmed fish. Here we propose that modifying the nitrogen metabolism of the fish themselves using transgenic technology might solve the pollution problem. Growth hormone (GH) is known to increase protein retention and absorption, and is thought to reduce ammonia excretion. Thus, we produced transgenic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that over-expressed the GH gene throughout their bodies. Our findings showed that the food-conversion efficiency of the transgenic fish was 35% higher than that of their non-transgenic siblings. The rearing period required for the transgenic fish to reach a body weight of 20 g was about 75% of that required for non-transgenic fish that were fed the same type and quantity of food. The total amount of ammonium-nitrogen excreted by the transgenic fish was about 69% of that excreted by the wild-type fish over their lifetime. These results suggest that our transgenic approach has the potential to reduce the amount of nitrogen pollution caused by farmed fish. This strategy is a promising option for making aquaculture more ‘eco-friendly’.  相似文献   

Determination of peroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids and plant extracts using an automatic potentiometric titrator   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sano M  Yoshida R  Degawa M  Miyase T  Yoshino K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):2912-2916

A novel potentiometric method for evaluation of peroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids and plant extracts was developed. The oxidation of potassium iodide (KI) was performed in acetonitrilephosphate buffer (1:1) containing antioxidant using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical generator. The amount of iodine released from KI during a 20-min free radical oxidation was determined quantitatively using an automatic potentiometric titrator with sodium thiosulfate. The radical scavenging activity of the sample was expressed as the inhibition ratio for iodine release of the control group mediated by the radical. The results obtained from some authentic polyphenols correlated well with those of previous reports. This is a simple, time-saving method requiring less than 30 min and is useful in assessing the radical scavenging activity of antioxidants in plant extracts. We describe the radical scavenging activities of various flavonoids including 21 kinds of tea catechins and vegetable extracts by this method.  相似文献   

Eating until feeling full and rapid eating both increase metabolic risk factors in Japanese men and women     

Hsieh SD  Muto T  Murase T  Tsuji H  Arase Y 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(7):1266-1269

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Overall welfare assessment of laying hens: Comparing science‐based,environment‐based and animal‐based assessments     

Marc B. M. BRACKE  Rudi M. DE MOL  Satoshi HIRAHARA  Katsuji UETAKE  Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):150-160

To increase the validity of evaluations and facilitate expansion and maintenance of assessment systems, we constructed a database of studies on the welfare of laying hens around the world. On the basis of this database, we devised a science‐based welfare assessment model. Our model includes measurements, levels and weightings based on the scientific studies in the database, and can clarify the advantages and disadvantages of housing systems for laying hens from the viewpoint of the five freedoms. We also evaluated the usefulness of our model by comparing it with environment‐based Animal Needs Index (ANI), another science‐based model called FOWEL, and animal‐based measurements. Our model showed that freedom from injury, pain and disease, and freedom from discomfort were more secure in the cage system, while non‐cage systems scored better for natural behavior and freedom from fear and distress. A significant strong‐positive correlation was found between the animal‐based assessment and the total scores of ANI (rs = 0.94, P < 0.05), FOWEL (rs = 0.99, P < 0.05) or our model (rs = 0.99, P < 0.05), which indicate that these different approaches to welfare assessment may be used almost interchangeably to ‘measure’ a common property (‘overall laying hen welfare’). However, assessments using our model and FOWEL were more sensitive than ANI and can be applied to cage systems, which suggest that our model and FOWEL may have added value.  相似文献   

Behavioral indexes of piglet welfare: Comparison of indoor and outdoor housing systems     

Kouzo NAKAMURA  Toshio TANAKA  Kouji NISHIDA  Katsuji UETAKE 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):161-168

The purpose of this experiment was to establish behavioral indexes of piglet welfare. Forty‐eight piglets were allocated to either four indoor pens or four outdoor pens (six piglets per pen). The indoor system was a commercial pen that consisted of a concrete floor and a slat floor. The outdoor system had a dirt paddock with a wooden hutch. Growth performance, salivary cortisol levels, skin lesions and behaviors of the piglets were monitored for 4 weeks. Sixteen types of behaviors were recorded by using 2‐min instantaneous scan sampling for 8 h/day. Growth performance and salivary cortisol levels did not significantly differ between the two housing systems. On the other hand, skin lesions and behaviors were significantly affected by the housing system. The number of skin lesions was higher in the indoor system. In addition, piglets in the outdoor system showed more investigative and social‐play behaviors than those in the indoor system. Piglets in the indoor system showed more resting, drinking, moving, fighting, and conflict behaviors than those in the outdoor system. We conclude that investigative, social‐play and conflict behaviors may be effective indexes of the welfare level of piglets, especially investigative and conflict behaviors.  相似文献   

Approachability and contact behavior of commercial dairy calves to humans     

Katsuji UETAKE  Shigeru MORITA  Yoshiko KOBAYASHI  Shinji HOSHIBA  Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(1):73-78

Calves (n = 106) on four dairy farms were observed for their approachability to humans. All calves experienced similar rearing conditions: Beginning individual pen, after birth until weaning at about 2 months, where they were housed individually and fed milk and a milk replacement; Late individual pen, after weaning until grouping at about 3.5 months, where they were housed individually and fed hay, silage and concentrate feed; Beginning group pen, after grouping until 5 months, where they were housed in groups of 2–5 animals and fed hay, silage and concentrate feed; later group pen, from 5 to 7 months. The number of calves that contacted an experimenter who stood in front of their pens for 10 min was recorded on 6 separate days over 3 months. Latency to touch and time spent in activities during touching such as sucking, licking, biting and rubbing were also measured. There were no significant differences in the latency to touch and the ratio of touch to non‐touch calves between the rearing conditions and the farms. The time spent touching was significantly affected by the interaction between the rearing condition and the farm (P < 0.01). In detail, the time spent sucking (P < 0.001) and licking (P < 0.01) was different between the rearing condition × farm variables. The proportion of calves that approached and touched the experimenter tended to be higher in the farms in which a stockperson worked longer inside and outside their pens (both ρ = 0.95, P = 0.051). These results were interpreted according to the perspectives of early positive reinforcement with food and the habituation process to humans existing nearby.  相似文献   

Inheritance of the Robertsonian translocation (1/21) in the Holstein-Friesian cattle. I. Chromosome analysis     

Y Miyake  R K Murakami  Y Kaneda 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(1):113-116

A new type of Robertsonian translocation (1/21) was found in Holstein-Friesian breed, and transmitted through the three generations, namely from the bull to 6 out of 11 daughters and 4 out of 7 grand-daughters/sons. Although the father of the bull was not available for cytogenetical studies, it was ascertained that 5 half-sibs of the bull had a normal karyotype. By C-banded karyotypes, the 9 translocation carriers within the three generations had a dicentric centromere in the translocated chromosome. It seems that no morphological effects have been noted to be associated with the translocation in all cases.  相似文献