Silicon and salicylic acid in the physiology and yield of cotton     

Thaís Chagas Barros  Renato de Mello Prado  Cassiano Garcia Roque  Marcelo Valentin Arf  Rafael Gonçalves Vilela 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(5):458-465

Silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) foliar applications can benefit cotton yield especially if there is stress during cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the foliar application of Si and SA on the photosynthetic variables and cotton yield. The experimental design used was randomized complete block, constituted by Si foliar application in potassium and sodium balanced silicate form (0 and 3.6?g L^?1 of Si) and SA (0 and 210?mg L^?1). The treatments were applied in three leaf sprays during the reproductive stage that coincided with water stress in tillage. Therefore, the Si foliar application associated with SA favors the physiological variables, increasing the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency reflecting on the increase of cotton yield.  相似文献   

Detection and Indentification of European Stone Fruit Yellows and Other Phytoplasmas in Wild Plants in the Surroundings of Apricot Chlorotic Leaf Roll-affected Orchards in Southern France     

W. Jarausch  B. Jarausch-Wehrheim  J.L. Danet  J.M. Broquaire  F. Dosba  C. Saillard  M. Garnier 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(2):209-217

Between 1994 and 1998 a field study was conducted to identify plant hosts of the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) phytoplasma in two apricot growing regions in southern and southwestern France where the incidence of apricot chlorotic leaf roll was high. A total of 431 samples from 51 different plant species were tested for the presence of phytoplasmas by PCR using universal and ESFY-specific primers. ESFY phytoplasma was detected in six different wild growing Prunus species exhibiting typical ESFY symptoms as well as in symptomless dog rose bushes (Rosa canina), ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) and a declining hackberry (Celtis australis). The possible role of these plant species in the spread of ESFY phytoplasma is discussed. PCR-RFLP analysis of ribosomal DNA amplified with the universal primers was carried out to characterize the other phytoplasmas found. Thus, elm yellows phytoplasma, alder yellows phytoplasma and rubus stunt phytoplasma were detected in declining European field elm trees (Ulmus carpinifolia Gled), in declining European alder trees (Alnus glutinosa) and in proliferating Rubus spp. respectively. The presence of rubus stunt phytoplasma in great mallow (Malva sylvestris) and dog rose was demonstrated for the first time. Furthermore, the stolbur phytoplasma was detected in proliferating field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and a previously undescribed phytoplasma type was detected in red dogwood (Cornus sanguinea). According to the 16S rDNA-RFLP pattern this new phytoplasma belongs to the stolbur phytoplasmas group.  相似文献   

Mapping the spread of apricot chlorotic leaf roll (ACLR) in southern France and implication of Cacopsylla pruni as a vector of European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) phytoplasmas     

W. Jarausch  J. L. Danet  G. Labonne  F. Dosba  J. M. Broquaire  C. Saillard  M. Garnier 《Plant pathology》2001,50(6):782-790

An epidemiological study on European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) phytoplasmas infecting Prunus fruit trees was carried out from 1994 to 2000 in Languedoc-Roussillon (southern France). The spread of the disease was monitored for 7 years by visual observation of symptoms and by PCR detection of the phytoplasma in an experimental orchard planted with apricot hybrid seedlings. This indicated that aerial vectors were responsible for disease spread, and that transmission rates were low at the beginning of the spread. Seventy thousand homopteran insects were captured within and in the surroundings of highly ESFY-infected apricot orchards, of which about 10 000 were used in PCR and nested-PCR assays with universal ribosomal and ESFY-specific nonribosomal primers to detect ESFY phytoplasmas. The other insects were confined in cages for trials of transmission to test plants. ESFY phytoplasmas could not be detected by PCR in any of the leafhopper species captured but could be detected in the psyllid Cacopsylla pruni caught on Prunus domestica and Prunus cerasifera rootstock suckers of apricot trees and on Prunus spinosa . Nested PCR revealed ESFY phytoplasmas in one individual of the deltocephalid Synophropsis lauri captured on an apricot tree. Transmission trials confirmed the role of Cacopsylla pruni as the ESFY phytoplasma vector in France. When apricot seedlings were used as bait plants from April to November during two consecutive years, no natural transmission could be demonstrated. However, one out of 50 apricot seedlings left for the whole year in the orchard became infected. An early spring ESFY infection is in agreement with both the natural transmission results and the life cycle of Cacopsylla pruni .  相似文献   

Immunogenicity of Murein‐associated Proteins from Temperature‐stressed Streptococcus suis Cultures     

L. Benga  R. Goethe  E. Große Beilage  P. Valentin‐Weigand 《Zoonoses and public health》2004,51(6):272-277

We compared immunogenicity in pigs of whole cell lysate proteins (WCP) with murein‐associated proteins (MAP) obtained from a virulent serotype 2 strain of Streptococcus (S.) suis grown at 32 or 42°C. Protein fractions were tested for their ability to induce antibodies in 3‐week‐old piglets by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. We found a significant increase in the antibody levels in all sera irrespective of the preparation used for immunization. However, α‐WCP sera showed higher reactivities than α‐MAP sera, and piglets immunized with 32°C preparations (α‐32 sera) showed higher responses than those immunized with 42°C preparations (α‐42 sera). Western blot analysis revealed that α‐WCP sera in part reacted with different proteins when compared with α‐MAP sera. Furthermore, some proteins were only detected by α‐32 but not by α‐42 sera. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the immunogenicity of cell wall MAP of S. suis, and highlight the importance of considering growth conditions in the preparation of subunit vaccines.  相似文献   

Occurrence and distribution of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ associated with diseases of solanaceous crops in Lebanon     

Elia Choueiri  Pascal Salar  Fouad Jreijiri  Souheir El Zammar  Randa Massaad  Hani Abdul-Nour  Joseph-Marie Bové  Jean-Luc Danet  Xavier Foissac 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(4):411-416

A survey for phytoplasma diseases in tomato and pepper fields in Lebanon was conducted during 2003 and 2004. Tomato plants with stunting, yellowing or purplish leaves, proliferation of laterals buds, hypertrophic calyxes and virescent flowers were found in 25% of the tomato fields surveyed, where they represented 2–8% of the plants. Pepper plants displaying stunting and yellowing of leaves, were found in 27% of the fields and 1–4% of the plants were affected. Phytoplasmas infecting tomato and pepper had identical 16S-rDNA RFLP profiles and sequences. A phytoplasma isolate named PTL was transmitted by dodder from a diseased tomato plant to a periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plant in which it induced leaf yellowing, virescence and phyllody. 16S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis classified PTL as a strain of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’.  相似文献   

Unilateral orchitis and epididymitis caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae infection in a ram.     

Ma del Carmen Ferreras  Maria Mu?ioz  Valentin Pérez  Julio Benavides  Carlos García-Pariente  Miguel Fuertes  Gorka Adúriz  Juan Francisco García-Marín 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(2):194-197

A case of unilateral suppurative epididymo-orchitis associated with Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae serovar 61:k:1,5,(7) infection is described in a 2-year-old ram. Gross lesions were characterized by severe enlargement of the scrotal contents, fibrous adhesions between testicular layers, coexistence of epididymal abscesses and foci of fibrinous exudate, and testicular atrophy. Microscopically, testicular and epididymal microabscesses and diffuse inflammatory infiltrates with abundant macrophages containing short Gram-negative rods were observed. Superimposed on the chronic lesions were fibrin deposits with clusters of neutrophils, as well as walled-off granulation tissue. Bacterial colonies were also identified in thrombosed spermatic cord vessels, scrotal lymph nodes, lung, and liver. S. enterica subsp. diarizonae serovar 61:k:1,5,(7) was isolated from the affected testis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of infection of the testis and epididymis by Salmonella in rams. This organism must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of ovine genital infections.  相似文献   

Oceanalin B,a Hybrid α,ω-Bifunctionalized Sphingoid Tetrahydroisoquinoline β-Glycoside from the Marine Sponge Oceanapia sp.     

Tatyana N. Makarieva  Natalia V. Ivanchina  Pavel S. Dmitrenok  Alla G. Guzii  Valentin A. Stonik  Doralyn S. Dalisay  Tadeusz F. Molinski 《Marine drugs》2021,19(11)

Oceanalin B (1), an α,ω-bipolar natural product belonging to a rare family of sphingoid tetrahydoisoquinoline β-glycosides, was isolated from the EtOH extract of the lyophilized marine sponge Oceanapia sp. as the second member of the series after oceanalin A (2) from the same animal. The compounds are of particular interest due to their biogenetically unexpected structures as well as their biological activities. The structure and absolute stereochemistry of 1 as a α,ω-bifunctionalized sphingoid tetrahydroisoquinoline β-glycoside was elucidated using NMR, CD and MS spectral analysis and chemical degradation. Oceanalin B exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against Candida glabrata with a MIC of 25 μg/mL.  相似文献   

Carbohydrate-Containing Marine Compounds of Mixed Biogenesis     

Valentin A. Stonik  Natalia V. Ivanchina 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

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Migration behaviour and escapement of European silver eels from a large lake and wetland system subject to water level management (Grand‐Lieu Lake,France): New insights from regulated acoustic telemetry data          下载免费PDF全文

Thomas Trancart  Eric Feunteun  Valentin Danet  Alexandre Carpentier  Virgile Mazel  Fabien Charrier  Morgan Druet  Anthony Acou 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(2):570-579

Current knowledge about the downstream migration of sexually mature European eels (Anguilla anguilla) remains incomplete, particularly in still water habitats such as lakes and wetlands subject to water level management. However, for the management of this endangered species, it is important to understand migration dynamics, and contribution to the breeding stock. This study aimed to assess the parameters that trigger and guide the migration of silver eels in the largest floodplain lake and associated wetlands in France (the sluice regulated Grand‐Lieu Lake). A telemetry survey of 50 acoustic and PIT‐tagged female silver eels was performed during the 2015–2016 migration period. We deployed a novel telemetric approach, using receivers to delimit several restricted virtual boxes to determine the instantaneous location of individuals and to transform simple discrete telemetric data into presence/absence data. The low numbers leaving the lake centre are probably explained by the lack of orienting water flows or other environmental clues, but whilst the fate of 34% (17/50) of the tagged eels is unknown, 18% (9/50) were caught by commercial fishermen. Modelling showed that detections were not clearly associated with environmental factors typically involved in riverine migrations (e.g. current velocity, atmospheric pressure and temperature) but they were particularly associated with higher and increasing water levels and, for eels exiting the lake, a sharp increase when sluice gates were opened to an effective gap of >75 cm. It is concluded that management of water levels and sluice gate opening during the migration period might aid escapement of silver eels.  相似文献   

Analytical, physiologic, and clinical validation of a radioimmunoassay for measurement of procollagen type III amino terminal propeptide in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from dogs     

Schuller S  Valentin S  Remy B  Jespers P  Foulon S  Van Israël N  Clercx C  McEntee K 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(5):749-755

OBJECTIVE: To validate a radioimmunoassay for measurement of procollagen type III amino terminal propeptide (PIIINP) concentrations in canine serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and investigate the effects of physiologic and pathologic conditions on PIIINP concentrations. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sera from healthy adult (n = 70) and growing dogs (20) and dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF; 10), cardiomyopathy (CMP; 12), or degenerative valve disease (DVD; 26); and sera and BALF from dogs with chronic bronchopneumopathy (CBP; 15) and healthy control dogs (10 growing and 9 adult dogs). PROCEDURE: A radioimmunoassay was validated, and a reference range for serum PIIINP (S-PIIINP) concentration was established. Effects of growth, age, sex, weight, CRF, and heart failure on S-PIIINP concentration were analyzed. In CBP-affected dogs, S-PIIINP and BALF-PIIINP concentrations were evaluated. RESULTS: The radioimmunoassay had good sensitivity, linearity, precision, and reproducibility and reasonable accuracy for measurement of S-PIIINP and BALF-PIIINP concentrations. The S-PIIINP concentration reference range in adult dogs was 8.86 to 11.48 mug/L. Serum PIIINP concentration correlated with weight and age. Growing dogs had significantly higher S-PIIINP concentrations than adults, but concentrations in CRF-, CMP-, DVD-, or CBP-affected dogs were not significantly different from control values. Mean BALF-PIIINP concentration was significantly higher in CBP-affected dogs than in healthy adults. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs, renal or cardiac disease or CBP did not significantly affect S-PIIINP concentration; dogs with CBP had high BALF-PIIINP concentrations. Data suggest that the use of PIIINP as a marker of pathologic fibrosis might be limited in growing dogs.  相似文献