Severe outbreak of bovine coronavirus infection in dairy cattle during the warmer season   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Decaro N  Mari V  Desario C  Campolo M  Elia G  Martella V  Greco G  Cirone F  Colaianni ML  Cordioli P  Buonavoglia C 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,126(1-3):30-39

A severe outbreak of enteric and respiratory disease associated with bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infection is described. The outbreak occurred in a dairy herd of southern Italy in the first decade of September 2006, when summer temperatures were still recorded, affecting calves, heifers and adult cows, with a marked decrease in milk production. By virus isolation and RT-PCR targeting the S gene, BCoV was identified as the etiological agent of the outbreak, whereas bacteriological, parasitological and toxicological investigations failed to detect other causes of disease. BCoV strains with 99-100% nucleotide identity in the S gene were isolated from nasal, ocular and rectal swabs, thus proving the absence of separate clusters of virus on the basis of tissue tropism. Sequence analysis of the haemagglutination-esterase and spike proteins of the strain detected in one rectal sample (339/06) showed a high genetic relatedness with recent BCoV isolates (98-99% amino acid identity), with several unique amino acid substitutions in the S protein. The BCoV outbreak described in this paper presents interesting aspects: (i) the occurrence of a severe form of disease in the warmer season; (ii) the simultaneous presence of respiratory and enteric disease; (iii) the involvement of young as well as adult cattle.  相似文献   

Assessment of diet and temperature on the overall performance of Patagonian red octopus (Enteroctopus megalocyathus,Gould) paralarvae     

Ana Farías  Jorge Hernndez  Csar Torres  Viviana Espinoza  María Teresa Viana  Juan Carlos Navarro  Iker Uriarte 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(4):1275-1288

The limitation to sustain the Patagonian red octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus aquaculture is the lack of an efficient diet to obtain high survival during the paralarvae stage. This work has studied the performance of paralarvae under different combinations of feeds and temperatures using a factorial design. The diets were based on various Artemia enrichments: (a) Nannochloropsis sp, (b) Ori‐gold (Skretting) and (c) LC60 (Phosphotek). The temperatures chosen were in accordance with those found in their environment: 10°C (winter), 12°C (spring–autumn) and 14°C (summer), by triplicate. The factorial combinations were tested in two experiments with paralarvae of different age: Exp 1, from newly hatched to 14 days after hatching (DAH), and Exp 2, from that point to 42 DAH. It was concluded that temperature was the primary variable affecting mortality, feed intake, relative weight condition index, morphometric variables and trypsin activity. The enriched Artemia diets had the main impact on the leucine‐aminopeptidase activity, and on the fatty acid contents, mainly 20:5n‐3 (EPA) and 22:6n‐3 (DHA). Paralarval growth was increased by temperature with only one diet and at a certain age. Nutritional requirements varied between early and late paralarvae, and the possibility of changing the diets according to the development age is discussed.  相似文献   

Furcation canals of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar teeth in cats     

Negro VB  Hernández SZ  Maresca BM  Lorenzo CE 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2004,21(1):10-14

The furcation region morphology was evaluated in 103 mature feline carnassial teeth (54 maxillary fourth premolar and 49 mandibular first molar teeth). Patent furcation canals were present in 27.2% of teeth. No significant difference (p = 0.88) in distribution of this anatomical variation was found between maxillary fourth premolar and mandibular first molar teeth. The mean width of these furcation canals was 104.0 microns with two-thirds of the canals having a buccal orientation. The presence of furcation canals could be a factor in the etiopathogenesis of feline dental resorptive lesions, as well as a characteristic to be considered in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of endodontic or periodontic-endodontic lesions in cat teeth.  相似文献   

Hereditary early-onset Parkinson's disease caused by mutations in PINK1     

Valente EM  Abou-Sleiman PM  Caputo V  Muqit MM  Harvey K  Gispert S  Ali Z  Del Turco D  Bentivoglio AR  Healy DG  Albanese A  Nussbaum R  González-Maldonado R  Deller T  Salvi S  Cortelli P  Gilks WP  Latchman DS  Harvey RJ  Dallapiccola B  Auburger G  Wood NW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5674):1158-1160

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We previously mapped a locus for a rare familial form of PD to chromosome 1p36 (PARK6). Here we show that mutations in PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) are associated with PARK6. We have identified two homozygous mutations affecting the PINK1 kinase domain in three consanguineous PARK6 families: a truncating nonsense mutation and a missense mutation at a highly conserved amino acid. Cell culture studies suggest that PINK1 is mitochondrially located and may exert a protective effect on the cell that is abrogated by the mutations, resulting in increased susceptibility to cellular stress. These data provide a direct molecular link between mitochondria and the pathogenesis of PD.  相似文献   

Wanted: women in clinical trials     

Simon V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5728):1517

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Growth, feed utilization and nutrient digestibility in tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis aureus Steindachner) fed diets containing bacteria-treated coffee pulp     

Juan B Ulloa R  & Johan A J Verreth 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(3):189-195

The effectiveness of bacteria treated‐coffee pulp (BT‐CoP) in fish diets was evaluated in a feeding trial with Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) fingerlings. Five diets were formulated to contain 0%, 6%, 12%, 18% and 24% BT‐CoP, replacing wheat meal. Fish were reared in a recirculating unit consisting of 16 aquaria. Each aquarium was stocked with 10 fish of 1.1–2.4 g. Fish were fed ad libitum twice daily (10 and 15 h) for 4 weeks. Fish fed diets without BT‐CoP and with 6% BT‐CoP showed similar growth (body weight, growth rate: RGR_m) and feed utilization (feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, apparent net protein utilization). Diets containing 0% and 6% BT‐CoP gave similar dry matter and protein digestibility coefficients, but dietary BT‐CoP levels higher than 6% produced lower digestibility values, except for carbohydrate. It is concluded that O. aureus fingerlings may assimilate only small amounts (6%) of BT‐CoP in the diets without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization parameters. The CoP‐containing diets did not affect fish survival (100%). The depression in tilapia performance may be associated mainly with the high level of fibre present in the CoP diets.  相似文献   

Environment and tree size controlling stem sap flux in a perhumid tropical forest of Central Sulawesi,Indonesia     

Viviana Horna  Bernhard Schuldt  Sarah Brix  Christoph Leuschner 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(5):1027-1038

• Introduction   

We studied stem sap flux density in seven common tree species in a perhumid tropical rainforest at pre-montane elevation in Sulawesi with the aims (1) to analyse the among-species variation in flow patterns, (2) to search for an assumed convergence in the response to controlling environmental factors, and (3) to investigate the effect of tree size on xylem flux.  相似文献   

Mapping resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in cultivated tetraploid cotton using RGA-AFLP analysis     

Chen Niu  Yingzhi Lu  Youlu Yuan  Richard G. Percy  Mauricio Ulloa  Jinfa Zhang 《Euphytica》2011,181(1):65-76

Diseases cause significant losses in cotton production throughout the US Cotton Belt. Growing resistant cultivars can significantly improve cotton yields and effectively reduce production inputs. Disease resistance (R) genes have been isolated in numerous plant species and the R genes with domains of nucleotide binding sites (NB) and leucine rich repeats (LRR) represent the largest R gene family. Degenerate primers designed based on conserved motifs of plant disease resistance genes were used alone or in combination with AFLP primers to analyze disease resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Pima (Gossypium barbadense) 3–79 and Upland cotton (G. hirsutum) line NM 24016. Eighty-eight polymorphic RGA markers were amplified by 8 pairs of RGA degenerate primers, while 131 polymorphic RGA-AFLP markers were produced from six pairs of RGA-AFLP primer combinations. Of the 219 polymorphic RGA and RGA-AFLP markers that were identified, 212 were assigned to 18 chromosomes and linkage groups based on existing SSR markers that are on known chromosomes. However, the RGA and RGA-AFLP markers are not evenly distributed among chromosomes in that 189 RGA and RGA-AFLP markers (88%) are assigned onto three “giant” chromosomes, i.e., C6, C12, and C15, suggesting RGA clusters in the cotton genome. Several RGA and RGA-AFLP markers were mapped to the same linkage group carrying a root-knot nematode resistance gene. The identification and mapping of RGA and RGA-AFLP markers provide a framework to facilitate marker-assisted selection of disease resistance in cotton breeding and to understand the physical relationship of cotton resistance genes.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus type O circulating in the Andean region of South America during 2002-2008     

Malirat V  Bergmann IE  Campos Rde M  Salgado G  Sánchez C  Conde F  Quiroga JL  Ortiz S 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(1-2):74-87

At present, Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) has been successfully controlled in most territories of South America, where only Ecuador and Venezuela remain as endemic countries. In this context, the precise characterization of circulating viruses is of utmost importance. This work describes the first molecular epidemiology study performed with the complete VP(1)-coding region of 114 field isolates of FMD virus (FMDV) type O, collected in the Andean countries mainly during 2002-2008. Sequences were aligned and compared to isolates responsible for emergencies in the Southern Cone of the continent between the years 2000 and 2006, and to other representative type O viruses worldwide. The results showed that FMD type O viruses isolated in South America and analyzed up to date are placed in 11 different lineages within the Euro SA topotype. Five of these lineages included viruses circulating in Ecuador and Venezuela during 2002-2008. The last emergencies reported in already-free areas in the Andean region, showed close relationships with viruses circulating in these endemic countries. Andean lineages showed a clear separation from the unique lineage containing viruses responsible for the emergencies in the Southern Cone, reflecting the different livestock circuits and providing evidence that support the ecosystem dynamics in the region. A wide geographical dissemination of the same strain in short time intervals has been observed, pointing to animal movements as the most significant risk parameter. This fact, together with an important generation of viral variants in areas under weak control strategies, reinforce the need of stronger official controls, as well as for establishing multinational cooperative measures in the border areas.  相似文献   

Determination of the Bioavailable Fraction of Cu and Zn in Soils Amended with Biosolids as Determined by Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), BCR Sequential Extraction, and Ryegrass Plant   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

In??s Ahumada  Loreto Ascar  Cristina Pedraza  Viviana V??squez  Adriana Carrasco  Pablo Richter  Sally Brown 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,219(1-4):225-237

This study assessed the effect of biosolids applied at rates, 0, 30, 45, and 60?Mg?ha^?1 on the chemical associations and bioavailability of Cu and Zn in soils from an important agricultural zone of the Metropolitan Region in Central Chile. Three methods were used to determine the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in soils: ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique, and Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction. The DGT effective concentration (C _E) and sequential extract acid soluble fraction of the BCR extraction (most labile fraction of the soils, normally associated with bioavailability) were compared with total metal concentration in ryegrass plants as a means to compare the chemical and biological measures of bioavailability. Total Zn was higher in comparison to Cu for all treatments. Concentrations were within the limits set by the Chilean regulations for land-applied biosolids. Metals in the control soil were primarily found in the residual fraction of soils. Biosolids application generally decreased this fraction, with a subsequent increase observed mainly in the acid soluble fraction. The contents of Cu and Zn in ryegrass plants increased with increasing rates of biosolids. Comparison of the Cu and Zn content in ryegrass plants with C _E, showed a good correlation for Zn. However, the C _E for soil Cu was only related to plant Cu for some of the soils studied. Correlation between Zn in ryegrass plants and the labile fraction of Zn as measured by the sequential extraction was excellent, with correlation coefficients >0.9, while for Cu, correlation coefficients were lower.  相似文献