Multiplication of Xanthomonas campestris pvs secalis and translucens in host and non-host plants (rye and barley) and development of water soaking1     

F. E. EL-BANOBY  K. W. E. RUDOLPH 《EPPO Bulletin》1989,19(1):105-111

Multiplication of the rye-specific and barley-specific pathovars secalis and translucens, respectively, of Xanthomonas campestris (earlier named Xanthomonas translucens f. sp. cerealis) was determined in two rye and two barley cultivars. Fresh bacterial cultures were suspended in boiled tap water, adjusted to about 3 × 10⁷ cfu ml^?1 and infiltrated into the mesophyll of young leaves. In the compatible combinations, a generation time of 1.7–2.1 h was determined. Significantly higher multiplication rates than in incompatible combinations were not observed before 3 or 4 days after inoculation. At this time, the first small water-soaked areas appeared. Bacteria multiplied up to the seventh day after inoculation, reaching a maximum of at least 10⁹ cells per cm², the same time at which the water-soaked areas had reached their maximum size. Thus, the rate of bacterial multiplication paralleled with the development of the water-soaked areas. In the incompatible combinations, nearly the same generation times were detected during the exponential growth phase. However, water-soaked areas did not appear, and the final bacterial concentration ranged from 1:1000 to 1:100 of that determined in compatible combinations. A distinct early lag phase, characterized by a decrease of the bacterial population down to 1:100 of the starting concentration, was detected in all cases.  相似文献   

草甘膦在茶园中的应用研究     

司辉清  庞晓莉  叶长明  马怀礼 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》1990,(1)

草甘膦是一种具有内吸传导、杀草谱广、毒性低等特性的新型化学除草剂,对根除茶园常见杂草有特效。用草甘膦防除茶园杂草的最佳浓度因杂草种类不同而异,以一、二年生杂草为主的茶园用0.10％的浓度为宜,以多年生杂草为主的茶园用0.15％的浓度较好。用液量以杂草充分湿润为度。全年喷药一次或二次即可,若喷一次,宜在五月下旬进行;若秋季草害较重,则在八月下旬复喷一次。使用该方法除草,全年只需耗药费4.80元～6.40/亩,除草效果优于全年人工除草三次者,节省除草工7～9个/亩,增产5～7％,对保持茶园生态平衡,提高茶叶品质均有益。  相似文献   

Book Reviews-Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources – an attempt. K. Hammer. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, Beiheft 76. Kassel university press GmbH and 2004 (‘2003’), (www.upress.uni-kassel.de), 184 pp., ISBN: 3-89958-056-7.     

A. T. Szabó 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(3):347

  相似文献   

油脂在提高公猪生产力和生育力上的潜在作用     

潘雪男  P.C.Penny  R.C.Noble  A.Maldjian  S.Cerolin 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2001,(2):24-29

精子及其相关精浆中所含的脂肪成分在组成和脂肪酸成分上是非常独特的。长链多不饱和脂肪酸 (即具有 2 0或 2 2个碳原子并含三个以上双键的脂肪酸 )在绝大多数主要组织所含脂肪中的含量非常有限 ,但在精子和精浆中的含量相当高 ,并具有明显的种属特异性。油脂的这种特性现在日益被认为是使受精最终成功所特别需要的。本综述根据最近一的些研究结果撰写而成 ,从精液质量和功能的一系列决定因子的角度论述了使现代种公猪精子中脂肪 /脂肪酸参数最佳化的可能性 ,可见人们对一系列参数所作的一系列重要研究 ,产生了使公猪和母猪的繁殖能力都得到提高的高度有益结果。文章还从主要的营养学特性和化学特性方面对研究结果进行了讨论 ,并与其它家畜进行了比较 ,还讨论了其对猪繁育部门可能的商业应用价值。  相似文献   

金丝雀痘诊断与痘病毒致弱试验     

刘永德  陶军  汪毅  叶陈梁 《中国预防兽医学报》2001,23(1):65-68

本试验对送检的金丝雀经实验室诊断，确认为金丝雀痘，对分离的痘病毒进行动物致病性试验、病毒分离传代和致试验、致弱毒保护力试验和返强试验。结果表明：金丝雀痘病毒经鸡胚盲传３后能适鸡胚并致死金丝雀，８代后无致病性，１３例毒性快速通过本动物３次无返强现象，金丝雀用第１３代毒刺种３０天能抵抗强毒攻击。  相似文献   

Sugar beet mash silage as a component of a total-mixed-ration for dairy cows--effects on parameters of digestion and animal performance.     

S Schmidt  H Steingass  T Jungbluth  W Drochner 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2001,54(1):47-59

Sugar beet mash silage (BMS) was offered in amounts up to 35% of DM to dairy cows as a component of a total-mixed-ration (TMR). Barley and molasses in the control ration were replaced by BMS half in ration BMS 1/2 and in total in ration BMS 1/1 on the basis of the calculated contents of net energy for lactation. Two trials were carried out. In trial I each ration was tested on parameters of rumen fermentation and digestibility of crude nutrients using 4 Holstein cows with rumen fistula. Chewing activity was tested on 2 Holstein cows for each ration. With the BMS rations the ruminal NH3 concentration was lower and the drop in pH was less than in the control ration. The pattern of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid from the BMS groups tended towards more propionic and butyric acid. The feeding of BMS showed no negative impact on chewing and rumination. Energy digestibility raised significantly from 59.8% in the control ration to 72.6% in the BMS 1/1 ration. In trial II the same rations were fed in a change-overdesign to a herd of 24 Holstein cows to test feed intake and animal performance. The results showed no significant effects of BMS rations on DM intake and milk production. The results of both trials indicate that even high amounts of cereals can be replaced by BMS without negative effects on rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition with slight drop in fat content. For a better handling of BMS, it is of advantage to include it in a TMR.  相似文献   

Use of an antineoepitope antibody for identification of type-II collagen degradation in equine articular cartilage.     

R C Billinghurst  E M Buxton  M G Edwards  M S McGraw  C W McIlwraith 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(7):1031-1039

OBJECTIVE: To develop an antibody that specifically recognizes collagenase-cleaved type-II collagen in equine articular cartilage. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cartilage specimens from horses euthanatized for problems unrelated to the musculoskeletal system. PROCEDURE: A peptide was synthesized representing the carboxy- (C-) terminus (neoepitope) of the equine type-II collagen fragment created by mammalian collagenases. This peptide was used to produce a polyclonal antibody, characterized by western analysis for reactivity to native and collagenase-cleaved equine collagens. The antibody was evaluated as an antineoepitope antibody by ELISA, using peptides +/- an amino acid at the C-terminus of the immunizing peptide. Collagen cleavage was assayed from equine articular cartilage cultured with interleukin-1 (IL-1), +/- a synthetic MMP inhibitor, BAY 12-9566. Cartilage specimens from osteoarthritic and nonarthritic joints were compared for antibody staining. RESULTS: An antibody, 234CEQ, recognized only collagenase-generated 3/4-length fragments of equine type-II collagen. This was a true antineoepitope antibody, as altering the C-terminus of the immunizing peptide significantly decreased competition for binding in an inhibition ELISA. The IL-1-induced release of type-II collagen fragments from articular cartilage was prevented with the MMP inhibitor. Cartilage from an osteoarthritic joint of a horse had increased staining with the 234CEQ antibody, compared with normal articular cartilage. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We generated an antineoepitope antibody recognizing collagenase-cleaved type-II collagen of horses. This antibody detects increases in type-II collagen cleavage in diseased equine articular cartilage. The 234CEQ antibody has the potential to aid in the early diagnosis of arthritis and to monitor treatment responses.  相似文献   

Laboratory-based surveillance of salmonellosis of humans in Germany--safety of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis live vaccines]     

W Rabsch  A Liesegang  H Tsch?pe 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(11-12):433-437

The Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, in Germany has been licensed different live vaccines of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis for use in the veterinary medicine since I the 90s. The Robert Koch Institute has established a lab-based surveillance system for these live vaccine strains for an evaluation of recent public health safety. Since 2000 all strains of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis from humans were investigated in respect to their phage types and other vaccine markers. 3676 S. Typhimurium strains and 4489 S. Enteritidis strains mainly from Salmonellose patients were investigated after phage typing according to their auxotrophic or antibiotic resistance markers. The live vaccine strains of Zoosaloral, TAD Salmonella vacT or TAD Salmonella vacE and Salmovac SE could not be found from infections in humans.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae in Formalin‐Fixed,Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues from Naturally and Experimentally Infected Goats     

F. RODRÍGUEZ  G. A. RAMÍREZ  A. S. RAMÍREZ  H. J. BALL  A. ESPINOSA DE LOS MONTEROS  A. FERNNDEZ 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(5):226-229

Samples from the mammary tissue of 14 lactating goats (12 naturally infected and two experimentally infected) were examined for the presence of Mycoplasma agalactiae. A monoclonal antibody (5G12) was applied to formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐wax‐embedded sections and labelled by the avidin–biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Histological examination of tissue sections revealed strong immunoreactivity in all animals included in the study. Mycoplasma agalactiae antigen was mainly detected in the cellular debris at the periphery of purulent exudates present within lactiferous sinuses, and lactiferous and interlobular ducts. In addition, M. agalactiae organisms appeared in the cytoplasm of the epithelium of ducts, and in infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils within the ducts, alveoli, interstitial tissue and regional lymph node sinuses. It is concluded that this monoclonal antibody‐based immunohistochemical technique is an efficient and specific method for the post‐mortem detection of M. agalactiae in cases of clinical mastitis as well as being a useful tool for the study of the route of infection and cellular types involved during mastitis caused by this organism.  相似文献   

关于饲料的胆碱含量     

H.A.Workel  黄晶 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2002,(6):31-32

关于饲料中胆碱含量化学分析值的资料很多。饲料中的胆碱含量因饲料种类、出产国别、出产年份等的不同而不同。问题还不止于此，据发现，测定饲料中胆碱含量时所用的技术也不能给出充分可靠的结果，因而需要一种新技术。  相似文献