低氮胁迫对谷子苗期性状的影响和耐低氮品种的筛选   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

连盈  卢娟  胡成梅  牛胤全  史雨刚  杨进文  王曙光  张文俊  孙黛珍 《中国生态农业学报》2020,28(4):523-534

筛选和培育耐低氮能力强的作物品种,是提高作物氮素利用效率,减少氮肥施用量,降低环境污染的有效措施。本研究以45份谷子品种为试材,采用水培的方法,在低氮(0.1mmol·L~(-1))和正常氮(5mmol·L~(-1))条件下,测定苗高、根长和根数等22个氮效率相关指标,采用综合耐低氮系数法以及基于主成分分析的隶属函数法评价参试谷子品种的耐低氮性。结果表明,与正常氮条件相比,低氮胁迫下,谷子苗期根长、根冠比、地上部氮素生理效率、地下部氮素生理效率、单株氮素生理效率有不同程度提高,其余17个指标都有不同程度降低。两种评价方法均根据45个谷子品种的耐低氮能力将其划分为强耐低氮型、耐低氮型、中间型、较敏感型和敏感型5类。筛选出耐低氮性较强的品种5份,编号分别为11、14、17、35和39。利用GGE双标图对品种-耐低氮相关指标的分析表明,编号39和14的耐低氮品种主要耐低氮性状为地下部干重、地下部鲜重、根长;编号为11、35和17的耐低氮品种主要耐低氮性状为地上部鲜重、叶片数、叶宽、叶长、单株氮累积量、地上部氮累积量、单株干质量、地上部干重、地下部氮累积量、根数、苗高和SPAD。可见不同谷子品种的耐低氮机制存在一定差异,研究结果可为谷子耐低氮品种的选育提供材料基础。  相似文献   

小麦白粉病防治药剂筛选试验研究     

王玉国  徐东祥  谢长春  淤萍  黄曙光  李东明  程玉家 《福建稻麦科技》2015,33(2):36-38

于2014年在阜宁县实施了六大类型15种不同药剂防治小麦白粉病的筛选试验。结果表明,三唑酮、戊唑醇等11个药种对小麦白粉病具有较好的防治效果,应于小麦白粉病始盛期第1次施药,盛发期(间隔7 d)第2次施药,连续施药2次,为延缓小麦白粉病的抗药性,要做好不同药种的交替轮换使用。  相似文献   

温度对西藏5种野生豆科牧草种子萌发的影响研究     

王传旗  梁莎  武俊喜  沈振西  张尚雄  包赛很那  苗彦军 《种子》2017,(10)

为探明毛果胡卢巴、劲直黄芪、天蓝苜蓿、镰荚棘豆和窄叶野豌豆5种野生豆科牧草种子萌发的适宜温度以提高其萌发率,研究了0/10℃ 、5/15℃ 、10/20℃ 、15/25℃ 、20/30℃ 、25/35℃ 、30/40℃等7种发芽温度对西藏5种野生豆科牧草种子萌发的影响.结果表明,5种野生豆科牧草种子在0/10℃条件下均无萌发;发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等指标随昼夜温度的升高呈先上升后下降趋势;毛果胡卢巴、劲直黄芪、天蓝苜蓿、镰荚棘豆和窄叶野豌豆牧草在适宜温度范围内种子萌发时滞最短,依次为2,2,2,3,4d;毛果胡卢巴和镰荚棘豆种子萌发最适温度为15/25℃,发芽率分别高达95%和812.5%;劲直黄芪、天蓝苜蓿、窄叶野豌豆种子萌发最适温度为20/30℃,发芽率依次为85%、912.5%和65%.  相似文献   

花序花期喷水对“西拉”葡萄果实品质的影响     

刘迪迪  谢沙  王珍  张振文 《北方园艺》2017,(12)

"西拉"葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)果穗紧密,果粒挤压变形严重,内部果粒着色差,果实成熟期病害严重,品质难以保证。葡萄开花期连续降雨可导致坐果降低,通过试验模拟葡萄开花期降雨,可以一定程度上降低葡萄坐果率,达到疏松果穗的目的。试验以"西拉"葡萄为试材,设置葡萄开花前期、后期和整个花期3个喷水处理,每天喷一次水,在葡萄果实膨大期调查坐果率;葡萄成熟后调查葡萄发病率,测定葡萄还原糖、总酸、总酚、总单宁、总花色苷、单体花色苷、单体酚类含量。结果表明:花期喷水能提高葡萄浆果品质,且受喷水次数与时期影响较大。整个花期每天喷一次水,"西拉"葡萄品质表现最佳,开花后期喷水比前期喷水的葡萄浆果品质更好。因此,建议在葡萄管理中,若开花期天气连续晴朗,可以通过花序喷水疏松葡萄果穗,提升葡萄品质。  相似文献   

吉林省鲜食玉米主推品种的耐低温性鉴定     

滕迁莹  任孝慈  王丽丽  李向永  陈永鑫  景桂昕  赵仁贵 《种子》2017,(1):112-115

吉林省春季播种时期土壤低温持续时间长,春播时节低温冷害是制约吉林省春播出苗的因素之一.在相同田块以及早播的条件下,不同玉米品种表现出低于适播条件下的平均出苗率,同时早播条件下平均出苗率的标准差和变异系数均高于适播条件,说明采用提前播期的方法作为筛选玉米品种种子质量的田间筛选与鉴定方法是可行的.利用此方法实验并分析数据,筛选出7份在吉林省地区早播出苗率表现较好的鲜食玉米品种,分别为京科甜126,京花糯2008,万甜1826,京科甜183,吉甜6号,京科甜2000,吉甜3号.  相似文献   

Effect of L-lysine Added in Diluent on the Fresh Semen Quality of Dorper Sheep     

MAO Ran  LI Qing-quan  SHI Yan  LAN Xiang-li  WANG Min  ZONG Ze-jun  XIA Guo-zhong  HAN Tian-long 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(12):3308-3314

In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state.  相似文献   

国内海洋储罐风险现状及开展RBI的必要性     

王力  汪震宇 《油气储运》2015,(1):8-14

针对海上油田储油平台海洋储罐的特点,从RBI技术出发,结合近几年国内海洋储罐发生的失效案例,深入分析了基于RBI原理的海洋储罐评估过程,详尽论述了对国内海洋储罐开展RBI评估的必要性。风险由失效概率和失效后果两个因素决定,与失效概率密切相关的参数包括通用失效频率、损伤因子和企业管理系数;海洋储罐不仅具有陆地储罐所不具备的特定失效后果,而且失效后果的严重性也比陆地储罐高一个数量级,其设备维修费、停产损失费、环境清理费、环境处罚费巨大。将RBI评估运用在海洋储罐上,其作用主要体现在检验周期的优化和检验策略的制定两个方面。建议制定专门针对海洋储罐的相关RBI技术规范,研发评估软件,建立风险评估档案,实现精确的定量RBI评估,为海洋储罐在工程应用中积累案例和数据。  相似文献   

Rapid detection of contagious ecthyma by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and epidemiology in Jilin Province China     

Kai WANG  Hongze SHAO  Zhihua PEI  Guixue HU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):125-128

The aim of this experiment was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and to research the recent epidemiology of contagious ecthyma in Jilin Province, China, using the assay. A LAMP assay targeting a highly conserved region of the F1L gene was developed to detect contagious ecthyma virus (CEV). Three hundred and sixty-five cases from 64 flocks in 9 different areas of Jilin Province, China, from 2011 to 2014 were tested using the LAMP assay. The results showed that the sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 100 copies of the standard plasmid, which is 100-fold higher than the sensitivity of PCR. No cross-reactivity was observed with capripoxvirus, fowlpox virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O, foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia I and bluetongue virus. The average positive rate was 19.73% (72/365), and the positive rate was highest in lambs aged 1–6 months. Our results demonstrated that CEV infection was very widespread in the flocks of Jilin Province and that the LAMP assay allows for easy, rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of CEV infection.  相似文献   

Research Progress on Influence Factors of Mutton Quality     

LIANG Jing  ZHANG Wen-ju  WANG Bo 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(5):1250-1254

Meat quality means the characteristics such as appearance is related to palatability in fresh meat or manufactured meat, it includes meat color, meat structure, hardness, marbling, water holding capacity and so on.The physical characteristics of mutton quality determines the consumer acceptability of meat and there is a close relationship between chemical composition of mutton quality and nutrient substance.With the improvement of living standards, consumers are increasingly high demand for mutton.From quantitative to qualitative change, we need to continuously improve mutton quality.At present, the production of high quality animal products has become a hot topic.This paper is a summary of the effects of breed, gender, age, environment and feed nutrition on mutton quality, and aims to provide a scientific basis for improving of mutton quality with nutritional regulation measures.  相似文献   

沙地生境不同播期对紫花苜蓿生产性能及其越冬率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田永雷  王显国  张玉霞  张尚雄  荆照  丛百明  慕宗杰  白春利 《草地学报》2020,28(2):538-546

为确定科尔沁沙地种植苜蓿（Medicago sativa）的适宜播期，本研究于2017年在内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗，选择骑士T、公农1号、擎天柱3个紫花苜蓿品种，7月1日开始播种，每5天播种1期，共10个播期，分析播期、生产性能、越冬率之间的关系。结果表明：建植当年苜蓿播种越晚干草产量越低，骑士T干草产量在7月21日播期显著降低（P<0.05），公农1号干草产量在7月16日播期显著降低（P<0.05），擎天柱干草产量在7月11日播期显著降低（P<0.05）；随播种时期的推迟，苜蓿株高、单枝条重呈降低的变化趋势，单位面积株数和枝条数呈先增加后降低的变化趋势；苜蓿越冬率从播期7月16日开始显著降低，公农1号在7月16日以前播种越冬率显著高于骑士T和擎天柱（P<0.05）；播种翌年第1茬苜蓿干草产量和株高随着播期的推迟而逐渐降低，2，3茬则无明显变化；苜蓿单位面积株数和枝条数都随播期的推迟呈降低的变化趋势，随着刈割茬次的增加，苜蓿的株数逐渐降低。因此，在科尔沁沙地种植紫花苜蓿最佳播期为7月1日—7月16日。  相似文献