CORRELATIONS AMONG ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF OPTIC NERVE SHEATH DIAMETER,AGE, AND BODY WEIGHT IN CLINICALLY NORMAL HORSES          下载免费PDF全文

Stacy D. Cooley  Peter V. Scrivani  Margret S. Thompson  Nita L. Irby  Thomas J. Divers  Hollis N. Erb 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(1):49-57

Early diagnosis of high intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical for minimizing progressive brain injury due to reduced cerebral perfusion. In people, detecting enlargement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by transpalpebral ultrasonography has been found to be an accurate test for high ICP. Aims of this prospective, observational, cross‐sectional study were to test hypotheses that (1) ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD would be repeatable in horses, (2) have acceptable interobserver agreement, and (3) would be correlated with age and body weight. The sample population included 48 horses without clinical signs of high ICP and with varying ages and body weights. Two observers independently performed ONSD measurements in both eyes. All measurements ranged from 2.6 to 6.5 mm. The mean difference of repeated measures within observers was ≤0.1 mm and the coefficients of variation ranged from 5.0% to 8.8%. The mean difference of measures between observers was ≤0.2 mm. After correcting for performing multiple tests, no significant rank correlation (all r < 0.4 [absolute value]) was detected between ONSD and age or body weight. However, we observed smaller ONSD in foals versus adults (all P ≤ 0.002). In the foals, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were <5 mm. In the adults, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were ≤6.5 mm. Findings indicated that ultrasonographic ONSD measurement is a feasible test for use in horses of varying ages and sizes. Further investigation of this ultrasonographic measure as a clinical test for horse with suspected high ICP is warranted.  相似文献   

Influence of the Expert Effect on Cultural Models     

Tracy Van Holt  H. Russell Bernard  Susan Weller  Wendy Townsend  Peter Cronkleton 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(2):169-179

We examined hunters’ perceptions of fauna to see if expert hunters and other hunters perceive wildlife abundance similarly. We used cultural consensus analysis (CCA) to assess the knowledge of 25 hunters in the Bolivian Amazon about the abundance of 38 animals. CCA indicated highly shared beliefs among hunters concerning wildlife abundance (average agreement = .62). However, expert hunters (as judged by their reported successful hunts of rare species, having hunted recently, and consuming more game in their diet) perceived more animals as abundant than did non-experts, although they all shared the same model. Since the expert hunters did not always agree on which species was more abundant, they had low cultural knowledge scores in CCA results. These experts may be unwilling to curtail hunting efforts on key species that they perceive to be abundant.  相似文献   

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) decreases pulmonary shunt in anaesthetized horses          下载免费PDF全文

Martina Mosing  Paul MacFarlane  David Bardell  Laura Lüthi  Peter J. Cripps  Regula Bettschart‐Wolfensberger 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(6):611-622

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Adverse reactions following administration of contrast media for diagnostic imaging in anaesthetized dogs and cats: a retrospective study          下载免费PDF全文

Stefania Scarabelli  Peter Cripps  Eva Rioja  Briony Alderson 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(5):502-510

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Twenty years later: a single‐centre,repeat retrospective analysis of equine perioperative mortality and investigation of recovery quality          下载免费PDF全文

Alexandra HA Dugdale  Jessica Obhrai  Peter J Cripps 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(2):171-178

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Survivin inhibition via EZN‐3042 in canine lymphoma and osteosarcoma          下载免费PDF全文

J. K. Shoeneman  E. J. Ehrhart III  J. B. Charles  D. H. Thamm 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2016,14(2):e45-e57

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Review of present knowledge on machine milking and intensive milk production in dromedary camels and future challenges     

Peter Nagy  Judit Juhasz 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(5):915-926

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Serum,milk, and tissue monensin concentrations in cattle with adequate and potentially toxic dietary levels of monensin: pharmacokinetics and diagnostic interpretation          下载免费PDF全文

B. Puschner  A. C. Bautista  D. S. McKemie  S. M. Gallego  L. W. Woods  C. E. Moore  H. K. Knych 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2016,39(4):363-372

Used in both beef cattle and dairy cows, monensin can provide many health benefits but can, when unintended overexposures occur, result in adverse effects. Information on serum and tissue concentrations following overexposure and/or overt toxicosis which may aid in diagnostics and clinical outcome is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of monensin in biological specimens following oral exposure for 10 days to an approved dose (1 mg/kg) and a higher dose (5 mg/kg) of monensin given daily on a body weight basis to 10 dairy cows. No deaths were reported; cows receiving 5 mg/kg showed early signs of toxicosis including depression, decreased feed intake, and diarrhea after 4 days of exposure. Histopathological findings were minimal in most cows. Pharmacokinetic modeling of the detected serum concentrations for the 1 and 5 mg/kg dose groups determined the C_max, T_max, and t_1/2λ to be 0.87 and 1.68 ng/mL, 2.0 and 1.0 h, and 1.76 and 2.32 days, respectively. Mixed regression models showed that the dose level and days since last dose were significantly associated with monensin concentrations in all four tissues, and with cardiac troponin levels. The high dose resulted in a significant elevation of monensin in tissues at approximately 4.7 times compared to the monensin concentrations in the tissues of animals from the low‐dose group. The cTnI concentrations in the high‐dose group were 2.1 times that of cTnI in the low‐dose group. Thus, the ability to diagnose monensin overexposure and/or toxicosis will improve from knowledge of biological monensin concentrations from this study.  相似文献   

Microbiology. A proteomic snapshot of life at a vent     

Fisher CR  Girguis P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5809):198-199

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Time-frequency and complexity analyses for differentiation of physiologic murmurs from heart murmurs caused by aortic stenosis in Boxers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Höglund K  Ahlstrom CH  Häggström J  Ask PN  Hult PH  Kvart C 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(9):962-969

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether time-frequency and complexity analyses of heart murmurs can be used to differentiate physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by aortic stenosis (AS) in Boxers. ANIMALS: 27 Boxers with murmurs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were evaluated via auscultation and echocardiography. Analyses of time-frequency properties (TFPs; ie, maximal murmur frequency and duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz) and correlation dimension (T(2)) of murmurs were performed on phonocardiographic sound data. Time-frequency property and T(2) analyses of low-intensity murmurs in 16 dogs without AS were performed at 7 weeks and 12 months of age. Additionally, TFP and T(2) analyses were performed on data obtained from 11 adult AS-affected dogs with murmurs. RESULTS: In dogs with low-intensity murmurs, TFP or T(2) values at 7 weeks and 12 months did not differ significantly. For differentiation of physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS, duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz was useful and the combination assessment of duration of frequency > 200 Hz and T(2) of the murmur had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 82%. Maximal murmur frequency did not differentiate dogs with AS from those without AS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that assessment of the duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz can be used to distinguish physiologic heart murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS in Boxers. Combination of this analysis with T(2) analysis may be a useful complementary method for diagnostic assessment of cardiovascular function in dogs.  相似文献