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联合施用不同植物物质和鸡粪对土壤碳氮含量和蔬菜产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. A. OMARI H. P. AUNG M. HOU T. YOKOYAMA S. ONWONA-AGYEMAN Y. OIKAWA Y. FUJII S. D. BELLINGRATH-KIMURA 《土壤圈》2016,26(4):510-521
The use of plant materials as soil amendments is an uncommon practice amongst major farming communities in Ghana, although it is necessary for soil fertility improvement. An examination of the effects of soil amendments is necessary to encourage the use of under-utilized organic resources in Ghana. Thus, a field experiment was conducted using 8 different tropical plant materials mixed with chicken manure as soil amendments for growth of tomato as a test crop. The plant materials included Leucaena leucocephala, Centrosema pubescens, Sesbania sesban, Gliricidia sepium, Mucuna pruriens, Pueraria phaseoloides, Azadirachta indica, and Theobroma cacao. There were two other treatments: one with equivalent amounts of chemical fertilizers and the other with no-fertilizer input (control). Plant materials were mixed with chicken manure to obtain a uniform carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 5:1. Except the no-fertilizer control, all treatments received the same amount of nitrogen (N). To clarify the decomposition pattern of the plant materials in soil, an incubation experiment was conducted using only the plant materials before the field experiment. The Gliricidia treatment released significantly more mineral N than the other plant materials in the incubation experiment. However, the tomato fruit yield was not enhanced in the Gliricidia treatment in the field experiment. The known quality parameters of the tested plant materials, such as total N, total carbon (C), C:N ratio, and total polyphenols, had minimal effects on their mineralization dynamics. Azadirachta showed the best synergistic effect with chicken manure through significantly increasing soil microbial biomass and fruit yield of tomato. This result provides insights into the possible adoption of Azadirachta in combination with chicken manure as a soil amendment in small-scale agricultural holdings. 相似文献
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农业土壤一旦被粪便性病菌污染,将给人类带来潜在的感染病菌的风险。通过选择大肠杆菌作为粪便性病菌的模式菌接种于土壤中,在温室条件下采用日晒热消毒法对大肠杆菌进行灭菌试验,探讨日晒消毒法的生物安全控制效果。结果表明,13晒处理使土壤温度在1周内升至40℃,并在大部分处理时期维持在40—46％;处理区土壤中的大肠杆菌数在1周内从10^5cfu/g干土降至检测限以下（〈0．08cfu／g干土）,而对照区土壤中的大肠杆菌数在4周后仍可被检测出。由此可知,温室土壤在因施用未腐熟堆肥或动物粪便而被病菌污染时,13晒消毒是快速有效的生物安全控制手段。 相似文献
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Mizuki MAEDA Sayaka KITAUCHI Tetsushi HIRANO Yoshinori IKENAKA Misaki NISHI Asuka SHODA Midori MURATA Youhei MANTANI Yoshiaki TABUCHI Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(3):542
Recently, it has been reported that neonicotinoid pesticides (NNs) are transferred from mother to child and are assumed to affect the next generation, but the behavioral effects of NN exposure at different developmental stages have not been investigated. We exposed mice to no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) doses of clothianidin (CLO) during the fetal and lactational period, and then evaluated the neurobehavioral effects in juvenile and adult mice. Significant increases in anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity were observed in juveniles and adults, respectively, and neuronal activity and neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were affected in both stages. These results suggest that fetal and lactational exposure to CLO may inhibit neurogenesis and cause different behavioral abnormalities at different developmental stages. 相似文献
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Hiroyuki OKADA Kohtaro MIYAZAWA Shigeo FUKUDA Yoshifumi IWAMARU Morikazu IMAMURA Kentaro MASUJIN Yuichi MATSUURA Takashi FUJII Kei FUJII Soichi KAGEYAMA Miyako YOSHIOKA Yuichi MURAYAMA Takashi YOKOYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(1):103-107
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