Leaf volatile compounds of six citrus somatic allotetraploid hybrids originating from various combinations of lime, lemon, citron, sweet orange, and grapefruit     

Gancel AL  Ollitrault P  Froelicher Y  Tomi F  Jacquemond C  Luro F  Brillouet JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2224-2230

Volatile compounds were extracted by a pentane/ether (1:1) mixture from the leaves of six citrus somatic allotetraploid hybrids resulting from various combinations of lime, lemon, citron, sweet orange, and grapefruit. Extracts were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and compared with those of their respective parents. All hybrids having an acid citrus parent exhibit the same relative contents in hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds as the acid citrus, while the (grapefruit + orange) hybrid behaves similarly to its two parents. When volatile compound contents (microg g(-1)) are examined in detail, several behaviors are encountered in hybrids and seem to depend on the presence/absence of the considered parental compound and on the corresponding hybrid combination. Meanwhile, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons are present in all hybrids at concentrations systematically lower than those of the highest parental producers. Statistical analyses show that hybrids exhibit hardly discriminable aromatic profiles, meaning that no strong dominance of one or the other parent was observed in hybrids with regards to the leaf volatile compound production.  相似文献   

森林土壤肥力概述   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

郭艳娜  霍沁建袁 玲 《中国农学通报》2004,20(3):143-143

森林土壤肥力以维持和恢复自然肥力为主，人工施肥为输。本文概述了森林与土壤的关系、维持和提高森林土壤肥力的途径，对提高森林土壤肥力及其生态、经济效益具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

Light-mediated influence of three understorey species (Calluna vulgaris, Pteridium aquilinum, Molinia caerulea) on the growth of Pinus sylvestris seedlings     

No��mie Gaudio  Philippe Balandier  Gwena?l Philippe  Yann Dumas  Fr��d��ric Jean  Christian Ginisty 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(1):77-89

Depending on its developmental and morphological characteristics, shrubby or herbaceous understorey vegetation interacts differently with tree seedlings during the regeneration process. In acidic temperate forests, three common understorey plant species??Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Kersten, Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench??are known to rapidly colonize forest gaps. Therefore, they often develop at the expense of light-demanding Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. An experiment was set up in a nursery in central France to mimic early competition occurring in a newly created gap between Scots pine seedlings and these three common understorey species (young forest-harvested individuals planted at 5 densities from 0 to 57 plants m^?2). Pine seedling survival and growth (height, diameter, shoot and root biomass) and a functional trait (leaf mass on an area basis, LMA) were measured for 2 years, and cross-analysed against plant density, plant cover and available light. When understorey plant density increased, pine seedling diameter growth and biomass were negatively affected by all three plant species; height growth only slowed beneath Pteridium. These negative effects were closely linked to competition for light beneath Pteridium and Molinia. The application of the Beer?CLambert law gave an extinction coefficient k that was high for Pteridium, intermediate for Molinia and much lower for Calluna. LMA was confirmed as an effective foliar trait to reflect the degree of stress undergone by pine seedlings.  相似文献   

A Recombinant ω-Gliadin-like D-Type Glutenin and an α-Gliadin from Wheat (Triticum aestivum): Two Immunoglobulin E Binding Proteins, Useful for the Diagnosis of Wheat-Dependent Allergies     

H Mameri  I Bouchez  C Pecquet  N Raison-Peyron  D Choudat  H Chabane  S Kerre  S Denery-Papini  Y Gohon  P Briozzo  M Laurière  J Snégaroff 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(32):8059-8068

Among the wheat prolamins, D-type glutenins display a highly repetitive sequence similar to ω-gliadins, but they contain a cysteine, that allows them to be included in the gluten macropolymers. An ω-gliadin-like D-type glutenin, an α-gliadin, and an ω5-gliadin-like D-type glutenin were obtained as recombinant proteins and compared using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism. This technique evidenced the strong thermostability of the ω5-gliadin-like protein. The IgE reactivity of recombinant proteins was evaluated using 45 sera from wheat-allergic patients. The sera from patients diagnosed with cutaneous hypersensitivity to hydrolyzed wheat proteins often reacted with the ω-gliadin-like D-type glutenin and α-gliadin, whereas the IgE reaction was less frequent after dietary sensitization. So, these two proteins could be useful to diagnose these diseases. The sera from patients with exercise-induced anaphylaxis recognized the ω5-gliadin-like protein as a positive control and, less frequently, the other proteins tested. Only some sera from patients with baker's asthma reacted with the proteins tested.  相似文献   

Local and landscape factors determine functional bird diversity in Indonesian cacao agroforestry     

Yann Clough  Dadang Dwi Putra  Teja Tscharntke 《Biological conservation》2009,142(5):1032-2305

Large-scale intensification of smallholder cacao management is currently affecting the agroforestry landscapes of Sulawesi (Indonesia), the world’s third largest cacao producer. Little is known about how this shift from diverse plantations to full-sun cacao will affect functionally important biodiversity within the agroecosystem, and how this is related to landscape-wide patterns in land-use and natural ecosystems. We recorded birds in 43 cacao plots differing in woody and herbaceous vegetation as well as distance to forest in two valleys around the Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi. Species richness of frugivores and nectarivores decreased with increasing distance to forest, whereas granivorous birds increased in richness. Forest specialists, but not habitat generalists, responded positively to forest edge proximity. Species richness of all functional groups except seed eaters increased at higher density of tall shade trees. Greater species richness of shade trees was associated with higher species richness of frugivores and nectarivores, while herbaceous vegetation did not have a strong impact on the avifauna. The positive effect of shade trees was independent of distance to forest. In conclusion, our study shows the relative importance of local and landscape effects on bird diversity with shade trees being critical for bird conservation in cacao agroforestry landscapes.  相似文献   

Six years of habitat modification in a tropical rainforest margin of Indonesia do not affect bird diversity but endemic forest species     

Bea Maas  Dadang Dwi Putra  Matthias Waltert  Yann Clough  Teja Tscharntke  Christian H. Schulze 《Biological conservation》2009,142(11):2665-2671

Studies on temporal changes of tropical bird communities in response to habitat modification are rare. We quantified changes in bird assemblages at the rainforest margin of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, over an interval of 6 years. Standardized bird counts were conducted in the years 2001/2002 and 2008 at 15 census points representing natural forest, secondary forest, agroforest and openland sites. Although overall species richness remained nearly identical, different species groups were affected unequally by habitat modification within the forest margin landscape. The mostly endemic forest species declined in abundance (72.0% of forest species) and were detected at fewer census points in 2008 (56.0%). In contrast, 81.8% of the solely widespread openland birds became more abundant and 63.6% of the species were recorded at a larger number of census points. Hence, recent human activities in the forest margin ecotone negatively affected species of high conservation value. Species richness turned out to be a poor indicator of habitat change, and our results underline the importance of considering species identities. Biotic homogenization as result of habitat conversion is a global phenomenon. In our study, the winners were widespread openland species, while the losers were endemic forest birds. In conclusion, our study shows that 6 years of land-use change had negative impacts on bird community structure and endangered species, but not on overall bird species richness.  相似文献   

竹农参与技术创新模式的构建     

石德金  余建辉  刘燕娜  谢志忠 《中国农学通报》2008,24(12):158-162

以解决技术供求矛盾为前提,把政府各级部门、科研机构、竹农、竹加工企业之间存在一种“断层”关系“接续”起来,提出了“接续”方法,即竹农参与技术创新模式的实施和运用。在本文中,提出了竹农参与技术创新模式的基本要求、参与效果的指标、参与模式的基本思路、基本运行机制和主要特色。  相似文献   

土耳其斯坦叶螨对杀螨剂的抗性选育及解毒酶活力变化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王小军  包建红  张燕娜  祝儒伟  赵伊英 《植物保护》2017,43(4):70-75

为探索土耳其斯坦叶螨的抗药性及其生化机理,在室内对敏感系土耳其斯坦叶螨分别用螺螨酯、甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素逐代处理,选育出抗性种群。结果表明,选育至15代,土耳其斯坦叶螨对螺螨酯、甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性指数分别达到268.63、37.98和112.68倍。分别测定敏感品系(SS)、抗螺螨酯(RS)、抗甲氰菊酯(RF)、抗阿维菌素(RA)品系的解毒酶活性显示,3种不同抗性品系相对SS品系的羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)和多功能氧化酶(MFO)的比活力均有不同程度的提高,差异均达到显著水平(P0.05)。其中,RF品系的MFO比活力上升最快,是SS品系的12.7倍;RA品系的MFO比活力次之,是SS品系的5.76倍;RS品系的3种解毒酶比活力均增长较慢,其中CarE比活力上升最慢,是SS品系的1.31倍。由此表明,CarE、GSTs、MFO的活性增大可促进土耳其斯坦叶螨对3种杀虫剂的抗性形成;螺螨酯的抗性增强可能与CarE关系甚微;MFO活性的增加可能与甲氰菊酯抗性升高密切相关;GSTs、MFO的活性升高可能是土耳其斯坦叶螨对阿维菌素产生抗性的主要原因。  相似文献   

基于变水位静水法的梯形渠道渗漏强度函数构建及验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柴春岭  苏艳娜  杨路华  刘宏权 《农业工程学报》2017,33(5):91-95

变水位静水法受规范中观测方法限制,相邻2次观测时间段的计算只能代表平均水深的平均渗漏强度,且将观测期间渠道渗漏的非线性过程假设为线性变化,该假设将导致计算误差,从而使拟合的渗漏强度幂函数存在系统误差。该文以渠道内水位随时间的渗漏过程拟合函数为基础,建立了关于梯形渠道变水位静水法(dropping head ponding test,DHPT)的渗漏强度函数。以石津灌区6种梯形衬砌渠道的变水位静水法试验为依据进行实例分析,分析获得6种梯形渠道的传统幂函数和DHPT渗漏强度函数,并应用各函数进行了渗漏时长计算。通过渗漏时长计算值与实测值对比表明,DHPT函数平均估计误差0.978 h,最大相对误差为1.552%;而传统方法平均估计误差为3.997 h,最大相对误差为5.632%。表明DHPT函数能够更好地描述梯形渠道的渗漏过程,可用于计算点水深下的渗漏强度。通过DHPT函数与传统方法的计算结果对比,表明传统方法计算的渗漏强度普遍偏高,实例中平均误差达到0.248 L/(m~2·h),而DHPT函数直接建立于观测数据之间的函数关系,可避免线性假设的影响,提高计算精度,为分析变水位工况下的渠道水利用系数提供依据。  相似文献   

Relating MODIS vegetation index time-series with structure,light absorption and stem production of fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations     

Claire Marsden  Guerric le Maire  José-Luiz Stape  Danny Lo Seen  Olivier Roupsard  Osvaldo Cabral  Daniel Epron  Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima  Yann Nouvellon 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

By allowing the estimation of forest structural and biophysical characteristics at different temporal and spatial scales, remote sensing may contribute to our understanding and monitoring of planted forests. Here, we studied 9-year time-series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on a network of 16 stands in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations in São Paulo State, Brazil. We aimed to examine the relationships between NDVI time-series spanning entire rotations and stand structural characteristics (volume, dominant height, mean annual increment) in these simple forest ecosystems. Our second objective was to examine spatial and temporal variations of light use efficiency for wood production, by comparing time-series of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (APAR) with inventory data.  相似文献