Forest Allocation Policy and Level of Forest Dependency of Economic Household Groups: A Case Study in Northern Central Vietnam     

Nguyen Vinh Quang  Sato Noriko 《Small-Scale Forestry》2008,7(1):49-66

A new forest policy of allocating forestland to individual households for management and development, has been applied in Vietnam since the early 1990s. This study was designed to examine how local forest-related people have used forestland and forest resources under the new policy, and to determine their level of dependency on forests. An upland forest-related community in northern central Vietnam, where the policy was introduced in 2002, was chosen as a case study. It was found that local residents in the community have not complied with the forest allocation policy well, in that they violated the policy to freely lend forestland to and borrow from villagers for cropping purposes, regardless of whether they were rich or poor, had enough land or not, or were legally forest recipients. Regarding forest dependency, all households studied lived on forest resources (forestland and forest products). More than 65% of the total annual income of poorer households was derived from the forest, compared to less than 40% for the richer households. Forest-derived income accounted for more than 75% in their total income in some of the poorest households.

Nguyen Vinh QuangEmail:

  相似文献   

Parasitological survey on wild carnivora in north-western Tohoku, Japan.     

H Sato  T Inaba  Y Ihama  H Kamiya 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(9):1023-1026

In the winter of 1997-1998, we collected parasitological data from 60 wild carnivora in the north-western part of Tohoku region, Japan. These included 7 foxes (Vulpes vulpes japonica), 20 raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), 29 martens (Martes melampus melampus), 3 weasels (two Mustela sibirica itatsi and one M. nivalis namiyei), and one Japanese badger (Meles meles anakuma). Roundworms (Toxocara canis in foxes and Toxocara tanuki in raccoon dogs), hookworms (Ancylostoma kusimaense and Arthrostoma miyazakiense) and Molineus sp. in the small intestine were the most prevalent in foxes and raccoon dogs. In martens, Aonchotheca putorii in the stomach, Concinnum ten in the pancreatic duct, Molineus sp. and Euryhelmis costaricensis in the small intestine were the most prevalent. Collected parasites include some new helminth species for this region or Japan; the strobilar stage of Taenia polyacantha from foxes, Pygidliopsis summa from a raccoon dog, Eucoleus aerophilus, A. putorii, and Soholiphyme baturini from martens.  相似文献   

A case of a dog with thickened calvaria with neurologic symptoms: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.     

K Yamada  K Miyahara  M Nakagawa  Y Kobayashi  H Furuoka  T Matsui  S Shigeno  T Hirose  M Sato 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(9):1055-1057

A 6-year-old female mongrel dog weighing 9.0 kg was presented ananastatic, with clouding of consciousness, bilateral loss of hearing and depressed reactivity of the eyes to light. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed that the calvaria was markedly thickened with compression to the cerebrum and cerebellum. The case of a dog with thickened calvaria with compression of the cerebrum and cerebellum which could not be diagnosed by conventional measures was amenable to diagnosis by MRI. With increased application of MRI examination, such canine cases might increase in number.  相似文献   

Renal -gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity as affected by dietary ascorbic acid in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)     

Rgis Moreau  Konrad Dabrowski  Paul H. Sato 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1999,180(3-4)

Sturgeon can synthesize -ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as they possess in their kidney -gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase, the enzyme catalyzing the last step of AA biosynthesis. The effect of increasing dietary ascorbic acid on gulonolactone oxidase activity was studied in lake sturgeon. Two-year-old lake sturgeon (body weight 253±89 g) were fed in triplicate groups with casein-based semipurified diets supplemented with either 0, 50, 250 or 1250 mg ascorbic acid/kg in the form of ascorbyl-2-monophosphate Mg for 38 days at 19.8°C. At the end of the trial, there were no significant differences in growth rate and survival among groups. Tissue total ascorbic acid concentrations increased significantly with dietary ascorbic acid. Renal gulonolactone oxidase activity was inconsistently affected by dietary treatment. These results suggested that, in sturgeon kidney unlike in the livers of ascorbic acid-synthesizing mammals, dietary ascorbic acid did not exert a negative feedback control on gulonolactone oxidase activity and thus on ascorbic acid synthesized. Using in vitro kinetics data we estimated a theoretical biosynthetic rate of ascorbic acid of 17 μmol (or 3 mg) per kilogram body weight per day at 15°C in juvenile lake sturgeon.  相似文献   

Effect of desmopressin on plasma factor VIII and von Willebrand factor concentrations in Greyhounds     

I. Sato  BW Parry 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(12):820-820

  相似文献   

Formation of intermediate conjugates in the reductive transformation of gonyautoxins to saxitoxins by thiol compounds   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Setsuko Sakamoto  Shigeru Sato  Takehiko Ogata and  Masaaki Kodama 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(1):136-141

  相似文献   

Studies on Endophytic Actinomycetes ( I ) <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces </Emphasis>sp. Isolated from Rhododendron and Its Antifungal Activity     

Masafumi SHIMIZU  Yoshiko NAKAGAWA  Yukio SATO  Tamotsu FURUMAI  Yasuhiro IGARASHI  Hiroyasu ONAKA  Ryuji YOSHIDA  Hitoshi KUNOH 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(4):360-366

To survey endophytic actinomycetes as potential biocontrol agents against fungal diseases of rhododendron, young plants of rhododendron were surface-sterilized for use as an isolation source. Nine, six and two isolates, with distinguishing characteristics based on the macroscopic appearance of colonies, were obtained from roots, stems and leaves, respectively, suggesting that various species of actinomycetes grow in the respective organs of this plant as symbionts or parasites. On an agar medium, only isolate R-5 commonly formed a clear growth-inhibition zone against two major fungal pathogens of rhododendron, Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, indicating that this isolate can produce antifungal material(s). Acetone extracts of a liquid culture of R-5 had a broad antimicrobial spectrum against Gram-positive bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. Isolate R-5 was identified as a Streptomyces sp. based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomical characteristics. The present results indicate that isolate R-5 is a suitable candidate for the biocontrol of diseases of rhododendron. Received 25 March 2000/ Accepted in revised form 18 May 2000  相似文献   

Determination of chlorinated pesticide residues in foods. II. Potassium permanganate oxidation for cleanup of some vegetable extracts.     

T Suzuki  K Ishikawa  N Sato  K I Sakai 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1979,62(3):687-688

A potassium permanganate-dilute sulfuric acid KMnO4/dilute H2SO4 oxidation procedure was developed to supplement Florisil cleanup of some vegetable extracts. Following sample preparation and Florisil cleanup, a reaction mixture of the n-hexane eluate from the Florisil cleanup, 4% KMnO4, and 40% H2SO4 (1 + 1 + 1) was shaken in a test tube 2 min at room temperature and then centrifuged. The n-hexane phase was washed with 2 mL 0.1N NaOH and analyzed by GLC. Twelve chlorinated pesticides were completely recovered in the n-hexane phase. Aldrin was not recovered because its extreme instability caused it to decompose even in neutral solutions. Chlorinated pesticide residues in onion, garlic, carrot, and radish root were easily analyzed by the application of this oxidation procedure.  相似文献   

Population genetic structure and variability of Pacific herring <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clupea pallasii</Emphasis> in the stocking area along the Pacific coast of northern Japan     

Takuma Sugaya  Michihiro Sato  Emi Yokoyama  Yuta Nemoto  Tomonari Fujita  Hiroyuki Okouchi  Katsuyuki Hamasaki  Shuichi Kitada 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(3):579-588

ABSTRACT:   The genetic diversity of wild and hatchery-released Pacific herring Clupea pallasii collected from three brackish lakes and two bays in Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan was examined with five microsatellite loci. All loci showed high genetic variability with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.815 to 0.945. Significant differences in genotypic and allelic distributions were detected among all locations except for between the two bays in Honshu Island. Pairwise population analysis based on the F _ST values showed close genetic relationships among the locations in Hokkaido Island, and the hierarchical analyses of molecular variance showed significant genetic difference between the two islands. Those results suggest the existence of subpopulations due to natal homing. In addition, stocked fish showed as much genetic diversity as the wild fish. The pairwise population analyses also showed close relationships between the hatchery fish and the wild fish in respective stocking areas, showing that no effects of stocking programs on genetic diversity of wild populations were detected.  相似文献   

Rotifers fed various diets of baker''s yeast and/or Nannochloropsis oculata and their effect on the growth and survival of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) larvae     

Clyde S. Tamaru  Ryan Murashige  Cheng-Sheng Lee  Harry Ako  Vernon Sato 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1993,110(3-4):361-372

The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (S-type Hawaiian strain) was cultured with various combinations of baker's yeast and Nannochloropsis oculata. There were no significant differences in the daily rotifer production and amino acid profiles of the resulting rotifers. The significantly lower levels of fatty acids (C14, C16, C20:4n−6, C20:5n−3 and C22:6n−3) observed in the rotifers were found to correspond with the amount of yeast presented in their diet. The low survival and growth of striped mullet larvae recorded at Day 15 posthatching indicates that rotifers fed only yeast were nutritionally deficient in fatty acids. The fatty acid requirements of mullet, however, appeared to be satisfied with rotifers cultured on a combination of yeast and N. oculata. In contrast, no significant differences in larval milkfish survival and growth at Day 10 posthatching were detected when using rotifers fed the various diets in the larval rearing protocol.  相似文献