Propionate tolerance test for determination of insulin secretion in a hyperglycemic Japanese Black steer     

Takasu M  Ohba Y  Iguchi T  Nishii N  Maeda S  Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(9):985-987

A propionate tolerance test (PTT) was used to determine the pathophysiology of a Japanese Black steer with hyperglycemia. In the hyperglycemic steer, a low insulin secretion was confirmed by a glucose tolerance test (GTT), so that the hyperglycemic steer was diagnosed as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Although the plasma insulin concentration in the control cattle increased in response to propionate stimulation, a low insulin response to PTT was observed in the diabetic steer. The fact that both PTT and GTT determined that the diabetic steer had low insulin secretion suggests that the PTT might be an effective diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus in cattle.  相似文献   

Insulin and glucagon secretory patterns during propionate and arginine tolerance tests in Japanese black cattle with growth retardation     

Takasu M  Kishima Y  Nishii N  Ohba Y  Maeda S  Miyazawa K  Murase T  Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(1):69-72

To evaluate the energy condition of cattle with growth retardation, propionate (PTT) and arginine tolerance tests (ATT) were carried out. The insulin/glucagon concentration ratio immediately before PTT or ATT in the cattle with growth retardation was lower than in the control. In the growth-retarded cattle, insulin-AUC(0-120 min) during PTT was lower than in the control, while glucagon-AUC(0-120 min) was the same as in the control. Insulin-AUC(0-120 min) during ATT in the cattle with growth retardation tended to be lower than in the control, whereas glucagon-AUC(0-120 min) was the same. Therefore, insulin-AUC(0-120 min)/glucagon-AUC(0-120 min) in the cattle with growth retardation was lower than in the control during both tolerance tests. The growth-retarded cattle showed lower insulin/glucagon ratio similar to that found in starved and lactating cattle, suggesting a lack of energy.  相似文献   

H1foo is indispensable for meiotic maturation of the mouse oocyte     

Furuya M  Tanaka M  Teranishi T  Matsumoto K  Hosoi Y  Saeki K  Ishimoto H  Minegishi K  Iritani A  Yoshimura Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):895-902

Oocyte-specific linker histone H1foo is localized in the oocyte nucleus, either diffusely or bound to chromatin, during the processes of meiotic maturation and fertilization. This expression pattern suggests that H1foo plays a key role in the control of gene expression and chromatin modification during oogenesis and early embryogenesis. To reveal the function of H1foo, we microinjected antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) against H1foo into mouse germinal-vesicle stage oocytes. The rate of in vitro maturation of the antisense MO group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Eggs that failed to extrude a first polar body following injection of antisense MO arrested at metaphase I. Additionally, co-injection of in vitro synthesized H1foo mRNA along with antisense MO successfully rescued expression of H1foo and improved the in vitro maturation rate. There was no difference in the rate of parthenogenesis between the antisense MO and control groups. These results indicate that H1foo is essential for maturation of germinal vesicle-stage oocytes.  相似文献   

Distribution of the Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus during winter in the northern Sea of Japan, along the west coast of Hokkaido, based on aerial and land sighting surveys     

Hiroshi Hoshino  Takeomi Isono  Takuma Takayama  Tsuyoshi Ishinazaka  Akihiko Wada  Yasunori Sakurai 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(5):922-931

Aerial and land-based sighting surveys were conducted to clarify the distribution of Steller sea lions during winter in the northern Sea of Japan, along the west coast of Hokkaido, from 2001 to 2003. Aerial surveys revealed that sea lions gathered around the Rishiri-Rebun Islands in March 2002 and 2003, and between Iwanai and Cape Obana in February 2003. Higher numbers of sea lions were also confirmed at Cape Ofuyu and Cape Kamui on the central-west coast compared to that at the haul-out sites in the 1980s on the upper-west coast in March 2002 and 2003. Additionally, fisherman observed sea lions along the coast of the Tsugaru Strait from February to May 2003, where the presence of sea lions was not reported in the 1980s. These facts suggest that sea lions have recently expanded their distribution southward. Land-based surveys at the recent haul-out sites indicated that sea lions in the central-west coast were composed mainly of adult and subadult males (average: Cape Ofuyu 75.2%, Cape Kamui 69.5%), which stayed from November 2002 to May 2003. In this area, sea lions arrived earlier and stayed longer than in the 1980s.  相似文献   

Nod2-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the intestinal tract     

Kobayashi KS  Chamaillard M  Ogura Y  Henegariu O  Inohara N  Nuñez G  Flavell RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5710):731-734

The gene encoding the Nod2 protein is frequently mutated in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, although the physiological function of Nod2 in the intestine remains elusive. Here we show that protective immunity mediated by Nod2 recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide is abolished in Nod2-deficient mice. These animals are susceptible to bacterial infection via the oral route but not through intravenous or peritoneal delivery. Nod2 is required for the expression of a subgroup of intestinal anti-microbial peptides, known as cryptdins. The Nod2 protein is thus a critical regulator of bacterial immunity within the intestine, providing a possible mechanism for Nod2 mutations in CD.  相似文献   

Element Budgets in a Forested Watershed in Southern China: Estimation of a Proton Budget     

Yasunori Nakagawa  Li Changhua  Goro Iwatsubo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):715-720

We evaluated the element budgets in a forested watershed in Jiulianshan, southern China. The element input in bulk precipitation was characterized by high depositions of H⁺, NH₄ ⁺, Ca²⁺, and SO₄ ^2?, i.e., 400, 351, 299, and 876 eq/ha/yr, respectively. The outputs of H⁺, NH₄ ⁺, and SO₄ ^2? from the watershed were very low, while those of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were high, 712 and 960 eq/ha/yr, respectively. The element budgets suggested that i) the net retentions of H⁺, NH₄ ⁺, and SO₄ ^2? in this watershed were high, and ii) the net release of Mg²⁺ from this watershed was high mainly due to weathering. The net release of Ca²⁺ was not so high because of the high atmospheric deposition, while atmospheric deposition of Mg²⁺ was not so high (130 eq/ha/yr). Decrease of acid neutralizing capacity in the soil, i.e., net soil acidification, was caused mainly by the net release of Mg²⁺. Moreover, the net retention of SO₄ ^2? also contributed to soil acidification.  相似文献   

Community structure of the microbiota in the floodwater of a Japanese paddy field estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis pattern analyses   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Makoto Kimura  Taketoshi Shibagaki  Yasunori Nakajima  Kazuo Matsuya  Makoto Ikenaga 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2002,36(4):306-312

The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns of 16S rDNA were studied to elucidate the effects of the type of fertilization and the growth stage of rice plants on the community structure of the microbiota in the floodwater of a Japanese paddy field under a long-term fertilizer trial. From the mid tillering stage, a higher pH and temperature were observed in the plot without fertilization (NoF plot) than in the plots supplied with chemical fertilizers (CF plot) and with compost (CM plot). DNA fragments specific to the respective plots and common to every plot were detected after the digestion of PCR products by restriction enzymes. Cluster analysis separated the RFLP and DGGE patterns of the microbiota in the floodwater into four clusters; the microbiota in (1) the NoF plot, (2) the CF plot, (3) the CM plot, and (4) the CF and CM plots in the early growing stage. The effect of fertilizer application on the community structure was more conspicuous than that of seasonal variation.  相似文献   

Oribatid mite community structure and tree species diversity: A link?     

Nobuhiro Kaneko  Yasunori Sugawara  Toshizumi Miyamoto  Motohiro Hasegawa  Tsutom Hiura 《Pedobiologia》2005,49(6):521-528

Differences in tree species may lead to contrasting soil environments via differences in litter chemical quality and physical environmental factors, such as soil type and soil moisture. However, separating the effects of litter quality and physical environment is difficult under field conditions. Both litter quality and soil environment affect the species composition of the soil animal community. A diversity gradient of canopy tree species (11–25 species) located on homogeneous soil substrate at Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University was used to analyse the relationship between tree species diversity and oribatid mite community structure. Soil samples were collected from three levels of tree species richness (high, intermediate and low) with three replicates each, in July 2000. Leaf area index (LAI) was positively correlated with tree species diversity suggesting higher litter input into the soils with increasing tree diversity. However, the tree species diversity gradient affected neither accumulation of litter on the forest floor nor abundance and species richness of oribatid mites. Canopy and understory plant species richness, LAI, total soil carbon and biomass of epigeic and endogeic earthworms did not significantly affect mite community structure as indicated by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results suggest that oribatid mite community structure is minimally affected by tree species diversity and associated changes in litter diversity.  相似文献   

Heterotopic shift of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in vertebrate jaw evolution     

Shigetani Y  Sugahara F  Kawakami Y  Murakami Y  Hirano S  Kuratani S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5571):1316-1319

Genes involved in late specification of the mandibular arch, the source of the vertebrate jaw, are expressed with similar patterns in the oral regions of chick and lamprey embryos. However, morphological comparisons indicate that apparently orthologous homeobox genes were expressed in different subdivisions of the ectomesenchyme in the two species. Therefore, the homology and gene expression of the oral region are uncoupled during the transition from agnathan to gnathostome; we conclude that a heterotopic shift of tissue interaction was involved in the evolution of the jaw.  相似文献   

Antioxidant and antiulcerative properties of phenolics from Chinese quince, quince, and apple fruits     

Hamauzu Y  Inno T  Kume C  Irie M  Hiramatsu K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(3):765-772

To evaluate the health benefits of Chinese quince and quince phenolics, their antioxidant properties and antiulcerative activity were investigated in comparison with apple phenolics as a reference. The strength of antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity of these fruit phenolics varied according to different in vitro evaluation systems, whereas the antioxidative property of rat blood increased in all rats orally administered phenolics. Ferulic acid and isoferulic acid were detected as major metabolites in rats given apple phenolics, quince phenolics, and 5-caffeoylquinic acid standard. (-)-Epicatechin and its 3'-O-methyl ether could be detected in rats administered apple phenolics and (-)-epicatechin standard. In the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, pre-administration of Chinese quince and quince phenolics suppressed the occurrence of gastric lesions in rats, whereas apple phenolics seemed to promote ulceration. The trend of myeloperoxidase activity was similar to that of the ulcer index. The results showed that Chinese quince and quince phenolics might have health benefits by acting both in blood vessels and on the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献