Milking performance evaluation and factors affecting milking claw vacuum levels with flow simulator          下载免费PDF全文

Masafumi Enokidani  Kazuhiro Kawai  Yasunori Shinozuka  Aiko Watanabe 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1134-1140

Milking performance of milking machines that matches the production capability of dairy cows is important in reducing the risk of mastitis, particularly in high‐producing cows. This study used a simulated milking device to examine the milking performance of the milking system of 73 dairy farms and to analyze the factors affecting claw vacuum. Mean claw vacuum and range of fluctuation of claw vacuum (claw vacuum range) were measured at three different flow rates: 5.7, 7.6 and 8.7 kg/min. At the highest flow rate, only 16 farms (21.9%) met both standards of mean claw vacuum ≥35 kPa and claw vacuum range ≤ 7 kPa, showing that milking systems currently have poor milking performance. The factors affecting mean claw vacuum were claw type, milk‐meter and vacuum shut‐off device; the factor affecting claw vacuum range was claw type. Examination of the milking performance of the milking system using a simulated milking device allows an examination of the performance that can cope with high producing cows, indicating the possibility of reducing the risk of mastitis caused by inappropriate claw vacuum.  相似文献   

Spatial association between northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and potential prey distribution during the wintering period in the northern Sea of Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Takanori Horimoto  Yoko Mitani  Yasunori Sakurai 《Fisheries Oceanography》2016,25(1):44-53

Elucidating the response of marine predators to oceanographic features helps in understanding their foraging strategies and the cause of their spatial overlap and interference with fishery activities. Northern fur seal is a highly pelagic species during the wintering period. In recent years, fur seals have consistently been found distributed near the coast of southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Because interference by fur seals with coastal fishery activities has become a serious concern, an understanding is sought as to why fur seals come ashore in this area. We conducted ship‐based observations and estimated fur seal density. To elucidate the spatial and seasonal association of fur seal distribution and ocean environments, we constructed statistical models to describe how potential prey distribution and oceanographic features influenced the fur seal spatial distribution during the wintering period. Fur seal distribution corresponded markedly to potential prey distribution, and they tended to aggregate along the narrow continental shelf that is the main geographic feature of this area, which is 2000 m deep and approximately 10 km from the coast. Walleye pollock [Gadus chαlcogrαmmα (Theragra chαlcogrαmmα)] and arabesque greenling (Pleurogrammus azonus), which are one of the main prey for fur seals, move to the shallow area to spawn on the continental shelf seasonally, so potential prey abundance could be higher in coastal areas than offshore. Moreover, the absence of a mesopelagic biotic community may be one of the main factors in the coastal distribution of the fur seal.  相似文献   

Bacillary hemoglobinuria in Japanese black cattle in Hiroshima, Japan: a case study     

Shinozuka Y  Yamato O  Hossain MA  Higaki T  Ishikawa I  Ichiba S  Takagi M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):255-258

Three Japanese Black cows housed with 6 other cows exhibited main clinical symptoms of severe hemoglobinuria. Hematological analyses conducted after antibiotic therapy demonstrated severe anemia, and biochemical analyses indicated both severe hemolysis and disruption of hepatic function. One of the three cows died. Based on the above analyses and observation of typical clinical symptoms, a speculative diagnosis of bacillary hemoglobinuria was made, and immediate high-dose antibiotic treatment improved the general conditions of the surviving animals. Blood samples from the other 2 cows were collected sequentially after antibacterial therapy. Clostridium haemolyticum was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction analysis of the blood samples. The cows were diagnosed with the second recorded occurrence of bacillary hemoglobinuria in Japan.  相似文献   

Long-term survival of a cow with cervical ectopia cordis     

Onda K  Sugiyama M  Niho K  Sato R  Arai S  Kaneko K  Ito S  Muto M  Suganuma T  Wakao Y  Wada Y 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(6):667-669

This study investigated the long-term survival of a calf with cervical ectopia cordis that grew normally, became pregnant, and calved normally. The cow showed normal cardiac function and absence of peripheral circulation abnormalities. This paper documents antemortem characteristics of the affected cow.  相似文献   

Nitrocapsanthin and nitrofucoxanthin, respective products of capsanthin and fucoxanthin reaction with peroxynitrite     

Tsuboi M  Etoh H  Kato K  Nakatugawa H  Kato H  Maejima Y  Matsumoto G  Mori H  Hosokawa M  Miyashita K  Tokuda H  Suzuki N  Maoka T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10572-10578

The in vitro reactivity of capsanthin (1) and fucoxanthin (2) with peroxynitrite was investigated, and the reaction products produced by scavenging with peroxynitrite were analyzed. (14'Z)-Nitrocapsanthin (3) and 12-nitrocapsanthin (4) were isolated from the products of the reaction of capsanthin with peroxynitrite. Similarly, (14Z)-15-nitrofucoxanthin (5), (11Z)-11-nitrofucoxanthin (6), and (14Z,9'Z)-15-nitrofucoxanthin (7) were obtained from the reaction of peroxynitrite reaction with fucoxanthin. Capsanthin and fucoxanthin inhibited the nitration of tyrosine by peroxynitrite. Furthermore, nitrocapsanthins (3 and 4) and nitrofucoxanthins (5 and 6) exhibited an inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells and an antiproliferative effect on human pancreatic carcinoma. Moreover, nitrocapsanthins (3 and 4) inhibited carcinogensis of mouse skin tumors initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBN).  相似文献   

Continuous exposure to α-glycosyl isoquercitrin from developmental stages to adulthood is necessary for facilitating fear extinction learning in rats     

Yasunori Masubuchi  Junta Nakahara  Satomi Kikuchi  Hiromu Okano  Yasunori Takahashi  Kazumi Takashima  Mihoko Koyanagi  Robert R. Maronpot  Toshinori Yoshida  Shim-mo Hayashi  Makoto Shibutani 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2020,33(4):247

  相似文献   

Effect of fungicide thiram on microbial communities of rice seed surface estimated by culture-dependent and culture-independent (PCR-RFLP) methods     

Guang-Hua Wang  Yasunori Nakajima  Ichiro Shaku  Makoto Kimura 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):303-314

Coating of rice seeds with fungicide Thiram improved the seed germination capability over a long period of time (11 weeks) under low temperature conditions (4 and 8°C), which simulated the sowing of rice seeds in the winter season (the farmer's slack season). To analyze the effect of Thiram on the community structure of microorganisms on the rice seed surface, culture-dependent and culture-independent (PCR-RFLP) methods were applied. PCR-RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA showed that the bacterial communities on the rice seed surface were different between coated and uncoated treatments under 8°C conditions, but that they were very similar under 4°C conditions. PCR-RFLP patterns of 18S rDNA revealed the remarkable effect of Thiram on the fungal community structure under both 4 and 8°C conditions. Although the fungal communities were quite different between coated and uncoated seeds at the beginning of incubation, the fungal communities on the coated seed surface became similar to those of uncoated seeds along with the duration of the incubation period. As the dominance percentage of Fusarium spp. among the isolates increased with the duration of the incubation period for both coated and uncoated seeds, Fusarium was considered to be a responsible for the poor germination of rice seeds that were sown in the winter season.  相似文献   

Squamous cell carcinoma in a digit of the hind limb with systemic metastasis in a 17-year-old female koala     

Mio KOBAYASHI  Toshinori YOSHIDA  Risako YAMASHITA  Ryo ICHIKAWA  Junta NAKAHARA  Kazuki NAKAMURA  Hiromu OKANO  Yasunori TAKAHASHI  Nanao ITO  Makoto SHIBUTANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):994

We encountered a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a 17-year-old female koala at a zoo. A fragile, papillary, elevated mass was found on the third digit of the right hind limb. SCC was identified histopathologically: squamous cell-like polygonal tumor cells showed a nest-like growth pattern with epidermal down growth, central keratinization and necrotic foci, and invaded dermal connective tissues. Metastatic lesions were observed in various organs, including the lung and axillary lymph node: in the lung, multiple metastatic foci similar to the primary lesion, and in the axillary lymph node, individual polygonal tumor cells infiltrated the sinusoids. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, which exhibited 32–33% of labeling indices in the tumor cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of SCC in a digit of a koala.  相似文献   

Biosafety assessment of transgenic poplars overexpressing xyloglucanase (AaXEG2) prior to field trials     

Toru Taniguchi  Yasunori Ohmiya  Manabu Kurita  Miyoko Tsubomura  Teiji Kondo  Yong Woo Park  Kei’ichi Baba  Takahisa Hayashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(5):408-413

We performed biosafety assessments of transgenic poplars prior to field trials. Constitutive expression of the Aspergillus aculeatus xyloglucanase in Populus alba increased the cellulose content and specific gravity of its stem, the leaves of which were visibly greener, thicker, and smaller than those of the wild-type plant. Although the young transgenic poplars grew faster than the wild type in a growth chamber, there was no distinguishable difference in growth between the poplars when they were placed in a special screened greenhouse. Allelopathic tests showed that the transgenic poplars do not produce harmful substances. Based on all the biosafety assessments and the scientific literature on poplar species, we came to the conclusion that transgenic poplars probably do not disturb the biological diversity of the surrounding environment, even when they are submitted to field trials.  相似文献   

Interannual variability in stock abundance of the neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, in the North Pacific Ocean during 1979–1998: impact of driftnet fishing and oceanographic conditions     

Akihiko Yatsu  Tomowo Watanabe  Junta Mori  Kazuya Nagasawa  Yukimasa Ishida  Toshimi Meguro  Yoshihiko Kamei  & Yasunori Sakurai 《Fisheries Oceanography》2000,9(2):163-170

Variability in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) was examined for the autumn cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii collected with research driftnets during 1979–1998 along five longitudinal transects passing through the Subarctic, Transitional and Subtropical Domains in the North Pacific. CPUE was generally low during the period of intensive commercial driftnet fishing (1980–1992) and increased following the 1992 moratorium on the use of large-scale driftnets. However, CPUE levels were low for the cohorts hatched in 1992 and 1996 (captured in subsequent years owing to a one-year life of O. bartramii ) that experienced low sea surface temperatures from hatching to recruitment. Among similar-aged squid collected from 180° and 179°30'W in June, mantle lengths were significantly greater in 1997 than during 1995–96. These findings suggest that the driftnet fishery and sea surface temperatures from hatching to recruitment strongly affected stock abundance and possibly growth.  相似文献