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11.
Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for 11 representative rumen bacterial species were validated. The sensitivity was tested by using the serially diluted target 16S rDNA from respective bacterial species. The recovery of the target DNA and the assay reproducibility were determined using DNA from rumen fluid spiked with different quantities of the target. Minimum detection levels for the target were 10–100 copies in pure culture. The recovery of the added target ranged from 82.4 to 116.6%. The intra‐ and inter‐assay variations of each assay were <9.4 and <12.6%, respectively. Therefore, the real‐time PCR assays evaluated in the present study are considered to be sufficiently reliable for monitoring all 11 bacterial species in the rumen. The assays were then applied to the monitoring of the bacterial species attached to ruminally incubated rice straw. Among the monitored fibrolytic species, Fibrobacter succinogenes was found to be the most dominant, accounting for 2.61% of total bacteria after 24 h incubation. Selenomonas ruminantium and Streptococcus bovis, non‐fibrolytics, were detected on the rice straw at 8.96% and 1.16% of total bacteria, respectively. Such high levels of non‐fibrolytics on the plant fiber suggest a synergistic relationship between fibrolytics and non‐fibrolytics. 相似文献
12.
Treatment of cow-waste slurry by a microbial fuel cell and the properties of the treated slurry as a liquid manure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroshi YOKOYAMA Hideyuki OHMORI Mitsuyoshi ISHIDA Miyoko WAKI Yasuo TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):634-638
Resource recycling and the proper treatment of animal waste to reduce its environmental impact are currently important issues for the livestock industry. A microbial fuel cell (MFC), a new type of bioreactor, is expected to play roles in both waste‐water purification and energy recovery. However, the generation of electricity from cow waste has not yet been examined. In this study, using an MFC, we examined the possibility of generating electricity from dairy‐cow waste slurry, and analyzed the properties of the treated slurry as liquid manure for resource recycling. The MFC treatment of the slurry generated electricity in a dose‐dependent manner, and the maximum power output by the MFC from a 1 g of chemical oxygen demand/L slurry was 0.34 mW/m2. After the MFC treatment, 84% of the biological oxygen demand in the slurry was removed and three essential fertilizer elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) were retained at 84, 70, and 91% levels, respectively. The amount of ammonia nitrogen in the slurry, as an element of fast‐release fertilizer, was increased by 1.9‐fold. Although the treated slurry displayed properties that made it preferable as liquid manure, further studies to improve the electrical power output by the MFC are required for practical use. 相似文献
13.
Shigeru Yamauchi Yoichi Sakai Yasuo Watanabe Michael Kenya Kubo Hideaki Matsue 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(4):324-331
The distributions of boron in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood blocks treated with aqueous or methanolic boric acid [B(OH)3] solutions were explored through Raman spectroscopy and prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA). B(OH)3 was the sole boron species observed in Raman spectra of the wood blocks treated with either solution. Plots of weight gain
of the treated wood blocks versus boron concentration in treatment solutions were found to be linear. The results indicated
that the methanolic solution makes it possible to impregnate wood with much larger amounts of boron than the aqueous solution.
PGA confirmed that B(OH)3 was highly enriched near the end grains of the treated wood blocks. Raman measurements suggested that boron content in the
bulk of the wood block is not as large as expected from the weight gain of the treated wood blocks when an ordinary air-drying
method is used. It was concluded that the aqueous solution impregnates the cell walls of wood with boron more easily than
the methanolic solution.
Part of this report was presented at the 55th (Kyoto, March 2005) and 56th (Akita, August 2006) Annual Meetings of the Japan
Wood Research Society. This article follows the previous rapid communication “Analysis of boron in wood treated with boric
acid solutions using Doppler broadening method of prompt gamma-rays.” J Wood Sci (2006) 52:279–281 相似文献
14.
Dede Hermawan Toshimitsu Hata Kenji Umemura Shuichi Kawai Wakatsu Nagadomi Yasuo Kuroki 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(4):294-300
This study deals with the effects of curing treatment with gaseous and supercritical carbon dioxide on the properties of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) manufactured by the conventional cold-pressing method. The hydration of cement and the mechanism of improvement were examined using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The results are as follows: (1) The curing of cement was accelerated concomitantly with the improvement in mechanical and dimensional properties of CBP significantly by curing with gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide. (2) Supercritical carbon dioxide curing imparted boards optimal properties at a faster rate than did gaseous curing. (3) Accelerated formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium carbonate and the interlocking of those hydration products on the wood surface are potentially the main reasons for the superior strength of carbon dioxide-cured boards. 相似文献
15.
For better understanding wood hardness, we developed a new hand-operated hardness tester that works with Brinell's method. With this tester we investigated the hardness distribution of wood minutely using a 2mm diameter ball tip. The following results were obtained: (1) On preliminary examination with medium-density fiberboard, we found that the value of Brinell's hardness decreased with the increase in the tip ball's diameter but that it was almost constant with the indenting velocity. (2) By using a small diameter tip, the difference of the hardness became clearer between earlywood and latewood. (3) With radial and tangential sections, we obtained hardness distribution patterns similar to those of wood grain. It seems that the hardness distribution reflects the distribution of density on wood surfaces. 相似文献
16.
Masato HIYAMA Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE Ai TAKESHITA Sinji SUGI Nobue KUNIYOSHI Hiroyuki IMAI Kiyoshi KANO Yasuo KISO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(3):305-311
LC3 − the mammalian homolog of Atg8 − was found as autophagosome membrane binding protein
in mammals and widely used as an autophagosomal marker. LC3A, B and C show different
expression patterns in each tissue. The aim of this study was to reveal the differences of
expression patterns among LC3 families in mouse placenta under normal condition and
nutrient starving condition. LC3A and B were highly expressed in decidual cells. LC3A and
B were increased in D14 compared with D12 and D16 in mouse placenta, while LC3C was
decreased. Starvation induced increase in LC3B expression specifically.
Immunohistochemistry showed different expression patterns among LC3A, B and C. LC3A
expression in syncytiotrophoblast was vanished by starvation. The results of real time
RT-PCR suggested differences between D12 and D16 in autophagic cascade induced by
starvation. Taken together, this study suggests that autophagy could play a role in
placental invasion system and that nutrient starvation affects LC3B expression. 相似文献
17.
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19.
Tomokazu Hagihara Masashi Ando Kenichi Kawasaki Yasuo Makinodan Yasuyuki Tsukamasa 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):393-401
ABSTRACT: The physical properties of 49 commercial kamabokos were measured by the puncture and stress relaxation tests. The principal component analysis was applied to the physical parameters of both tests, and their cumulative contribution ratios were over 90% with the first and second principal components, respectively. The comparison among the kamabokos was carried out using the synthetic physical parameters. The kamabokos produced in same area showed the peculiar distribution. The relative positional relation of kamabokos measured by the stress relaxation test was different from that by the puncture test for many of the kamabokos. Physical property evaluation using a principal component analysis is very effective for intensiveness of many measurement parameters. If much more kamabokos were measured by this method, regional characteristics of kamabokos would be clarified. 相似文献
20.
Takumi Shinkai Takaaki Ueki Satoshi Koike Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):254-261
To determine the relationship between Fibrobacter succinogenes and other rumen bacteria, the bacterial community structure on fiber was analyzed by using two different materials. These were ruminally incubated orchard grass hay stems without and with preincubation with F. succinogenes (natural and artificial consortia, respectively). The natural consortium mainly consisted of Firmicutes (56.6%) and Bacteroidetes (33.1%), while the artificial consortium showed a significantly higher proportion of Firmicutes (85.5%) and a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes (4.6%). At species or genus level, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, the U2 group, Ruminococcus albus and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis made up a higher proportion in the artificial consortium. The most dominant bacterial group was the Butyrivibrio‐Pseudobutyrivibrio‐Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis group, which accounted for 19.7% in the natural and 29.5% in the artificial consortium. Within the genus Butyrivibrio, the phylogenetic groups SA and VA2 and phylogeny‐undefined Butyribivrio, but not VA1, were detected at high frequency in the artificial consortium. These results suggest that ecological and possibly functional relationships exist in the rumen among F. succinogenes, a subset of B. fibrisolvens, the U2 group, R. albus and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis. 相似文献