Phenotypic diversity and relationships of fruit quality traits in peach and nectarine [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus persica</Emphasis> (L.) Batsch] breeding progenies     

Celia M. Cantín  Yolanda Gogorcena  María Ángeles Moreno 《Euphytica》2010,171(2):211-226

Agronomic and fruit quality traits were evaluated and compared for three consecutive years on 1,111 seedlings coming from 15 peach and nectarine breeding crosses, grown under a Mediterranean climate. Significant differences among and within the different progenies were found for most of the traits analyzed. The breeding population segregated for several Mendelian characters such as peach or nectarine fruit, round or flat fruit, yellow or white flesh and freestone or clingstone. In addition, aborting fruit and flat fruit trees were found in our progeny, and our data seem to support multi-allelic control of both flat shape and aborting fruit. The variation within the progenies of some traits such as blooming and harvesting date, yield, fruit weight and SSC was continuous, suggesting a polygenic inheritance. Relationships between qualitative pomological traits and these agronomic and fruit quality parameters were also found. Valuable correlations among agronomic and fruit quality parameters were found, although coefficients of variation depending on the progeny should be considered. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed several relationships among quality traits in the evaluated progenies. Based on this evaluation, 26 outstanding genotypes were pre-selected from the initial breeding population for further studies.  相似文献   

Stress Gene Expression in Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) in response to experimental exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge, 1975     

Reyna de Jesús Romero‐Geraldo  Norma Yolanda Hernández‐Saavedra 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(9):1512-1522

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are natural phenomena with different effects on the aquatic environment that affect both human economy and health. Several genomic studies have been done to characterize the effects of contaminants on Crassostrea gigas. However, oysters’ molecular response to HABs exposure needs to be studied more. In this study, we challenged C. gigas with Prorocentrum lima, a diarrhoetic toxin producer, under controlled experimental conditions considering dinoflagellate density and exposure time (acute and sub‐chronic) as variables. The expression profile of six stress response genes was analysed by semiquantitative RT‐PCR: Glutamine synthetase (GS), Glutathione S‐transferase (GST), heat shock protein 70 (HSP₇₀), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP₉₀), CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and melanogenic peroxidase (POX). The results revealed that these gene expressions depend on exposure time and cell concentration. In general, an increased expression was observed in all tested cell densities as immediate response to exposure (0–3 h); whereas lower expression levels than control were observed after 6 h. Treatment with 3,000 cells mL^‐1 promoted higher expression than control on most genes after 336 h of exposure. This is the first report providing information at molecular level on C. gigas response to dinoflagellate blooms.  相似文献   

Batch Chromium(VI), Cadmium(II) and Lead(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Horticultural Peat     

Mihaela Ulmanu  Ildiko Anger  Yolanda Fernández  Leonor Castrillón  Elena Marañón 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,194(1-4):209-216

The selectivity and uptake capacity of horticultural peat available in Romania was evaluated with respect to the removal of Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. The kinetics, sorption capacities, selectivity and pH dependence of sorption were determined. The influence of metal concentration in solution is discussed in the terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and constants. Sorption capacities increased with increasing metal concentration in solution. For solutions containing 300 mg/l of metal, the observed uptake capacities were 20 mg Cd(II)/g peat, 15 mg Cr(VI)/g peat and 30 mg Pb(II)/g peat. The study proved that horticultural peat is a suitable material for the removal of the studied heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, achieving removal efficiencies higher than 90%, and could be considered as a potential material for treating effluent polluted with Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions.  相似文献   

Glyphosate tolerant canola meal is equivalent to the parental line in diets fed to rainbow trout     

Brown PB  Wilson KA  Jonker Y  Nickson TE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(15):4268-4272

Two separate studies were conducted to evaluate the utility of glyphosate tolerant canola (GTC) as a feed ingredient in diets fed to rainbow trout. In the first study, two forms of GTC were compared to a parental line, Westar. In the second study, one line of GTC was reevaluated to Westar. In each study, processed canola meals were incorporated at 5, 10, 15, or 20% of the dry diet and a diet containing no canola was fed for comparison. All diets were fed to triplicate groups of fish in each study. In the first study, weight gain, feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein retention (PR) were not significantly different in fish fed either Westar or GT200 at any level of substitution. Fish fed GT73 exhibited a gradual reduction in weight gain, FE, and PER as the level of GTC increased. However, the only significant reduction was in weight gain of fish fed 20% GT73 as compared to fish fed 5% GT73. Because of an error in preparing samples prior to the experiment, samples GT200 and GT73 were essentially equivalent in composition. The differences were explained by differences in processing temperatures that occurred after the sample mixing error occurred. In the second study, mean weight gain, PR, and survival were not significantly different among forms of canola. FE and PER values were significantly lower in fish fed 15% Westar as compared to fish fed 10% Westar; other FE and PER values were not significantly different. On the basis of these results, GTC processed into a toasted meal and incorporated into diets for rainbow trout is equivalent to a parental line of canola.  相似文献   

A study of cryptosporidiosis in a cohort of neonatal calves     

Castro-Hermida JA  González-Losada YA  Mezo-Menéndez M  Ares-Mazás E 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,106(1):11-17

During calving time on an experimental farm, 32 newborn calves were selected at random and monitored for infection with Cryptosporidium parvum for the first 30 days of their lives. The animals were fed pooled colostrum for 2-3 days after birth and housed in individual pens, which were washed daily using a pressure hose. Fecal smears were examined by microscopy after staining with carbol fuschin for visualization of oocysts. Oocyst shedding was scored semiquantitatively according to the average number of oocysts in 20 randomly selected fields at 1000x magnification. All the animals acquired the infection before 18 days of age. The period of maximum risk was between 9 and 12 days; 50% of the animals were infected by 9.4 days of age. It was found that the earlier the animals acquired the infection, the longer the patent period. Oocyst shedding, which did not always begin with the onset of diarrhea, lasted between 8 and 23 days (mean 12.4+/-3.3 days). Furthermore, fecal samples from 32 periparturient cows (within +/-7 days of giving birth) were filtered, concentrated and examined for oocysts using a fluorescent monoclonal antibody test, which revealed that six of the cows, although asymptomatic, were excreting C. parvum oocysts.  相似文献   

Plasma iron,C‐reactive protein,albumin, and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome          下载免费PDF全文

Carlos Torrente DVM  MSc  PhD  Edgar G. Manzanilla DVM  PhD  MPVM  DECPHM  Luis Bosch DVM  MSc  Laura Fresno DVM  PhD  Montserrat Rivera del Alamo DVM  PhD  DECAR  Anna Andaluz DVM  PhD  Yolanda Saco DVM  PhD  Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui DVM  PhD  DECVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2015,25(5):611-619

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Physical, Chemical, and Antioxidant Activity Characterization of Pitaya (Stenocereus pruinosus) Fruits     

Leticia García-Cruz  Salvador Valle-Guadarrama  Yolanda Salinas-Moreno  Elvia Joaquín-Cruz 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2013,68(4):403-410

Fruits with red and orange flesh of the columnar cactus pitaya (Stenocereus pruinosus) were studied to evaluate physical characteristics, total soluble solids, betalains and soluble phenols content, and antioxidant activity. Fruits had, in average, weight of 179.0 g, 9.8 °Brix, 9.4 % carbohydrates, 1.25 % protein, 0.11 % ethereal extract, 0.60 % crude fiber, and 0.62 % ash. Also, fruits resulted rich in Fe (22.8–27.8 mg/kg). Hue angle and contents of betacyanins, betaxanthins (μg/g dry sample), and total soluble phenols (mg GAE/g fresh sample) were 19.8°, 2860.0, 3210.0, and 1.6 in the red material, and 28.9°, 470.0, 2670.0, and 1.2, respectively, in the orange fruit. The antioxidant capacity was higher in the red material, since the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) technique reported 1090.6 and 735.4 μmol of Trolox equivalents/g fresh flesh in red and orange fruits, respectively, while the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay reported 7.84 and 5.16 μmol of Trolox equivalents/g fresh flesh, respectively. The chromatographic profile showed five betalains in red fruits, but only four of them were observed in those orange fleshed.  相似文献   

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweed Strandings as Renewable Source for Potential Antivirals against Herpes simplex Virus 1     

Hugo Pliego-Corts  Kvin Hardouin  Gilles Bedoux  Christel Marty  Stphane Crantola  Yolanda Freile-Pelegrín  Daniel Robledo  Nathalie Bourgougnon 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) remains a prominent health concern widespread all over the world. The increasing genital infections by HSV-1 that might facilitate acquisition and transmission of HIV-1, the cumulative evidence that HSV-1 promotes neurodegenerative disorders, and the emergence of drug resistance signify the need for new antiviral agents. In this study, the in vitro anti-herpetic activity of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted by enzyme or hot water from seaweeds collected in France and Mexico from stranding events, were evaluated. The anti-herpetic activity evaluation of the semi-refined-polysaccharides (sr-SPs) and different ion exchange purified fractions showed a wide range of antiviral activity. Among them, the sr-SPs from the Rhodophyta Halymenia floresii showed stronger activity EC₅₀ 0.68 μg/mL with SI 1470, without cytotoxicity. Further, the antiviral activity of the sr-SPs evaluated at different treatment schemes showed a high EC₅₀ of 0.38 μg/mL during the viral adsorption assays when the polysaccharide and the virus were added simultaneously, whilst the protection on Vero cell during the post-infection assay was effective up to 1 h. The chemical composition, FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopic, and molecular weights of the sr-SPs from H. floresii were determined and discussed based on the anti-herpetic activity. The potential utilization of seaweed stranding as a source of antiviral compounds is addressed.  相似文献   

Assessment of pesticide residues in honey samples from portugal and Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Blasco C  Fernández M  Pena A  Lino C  Silveira MI  Font G  Picó Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(27):8132-8138

Fifty samples of honey collected from local markets of Portugal and Spain during year 2002 were analyzed for 42 organochlorine, carbamate, and organophosphorus pesticide residues. An analytical procedure based on solid-phase extraction with octadecyl sorbent followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), for organochlorines, and by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS), for organophosphorus and carbamates, has been developed. Recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 73 to 98%, except for dimethoate (40%), with relative standard deviations from 3 to16% in terms of repeatability, and from 6 to 19% in terms of reproducibility. Limits of quantification were from 0.003 to 0.1 mg kg(-)(1). Most of the pesticides found in honey were organochlorines. Among them, gamma-HCH was the most frequently detected in 50% of the samples, followed by HCB in 32% of the samples and the other isomers of HCH (alpha-HCH and beta-HCH) in 28 and 26% of the samples, respectively. Residues of DDT and their metabolites were detected in 20% of the samples. Of the studied carbamates, both methiocarb and carbofuran were detected in 10% of the samples, pirimicarb in 4% and carbaryl in 2%. The only organophosphorus pesticides found were heptenophos in 16%, methidathion in 4%, and parathion methyl in 2% of honey samples. Results indicate that Portuguese honeys were more contaminated than Spanish ones. However, honey consumers of both countries should not be concerned about the amounts of pesticide residues found in honeys available on the market.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Prunus rootstocks     

Mariem Bouhadida  Ana María Casas  María José Gonzalo  Pere Arús  María Ángeles Moreno  Yolanda Gogorcena 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Twenty microsatellite primer pairs, previously developed in peach, were used to characterize and to explore genetic relationships among 44 clones, representing three groups of rootstocks defined as: (1) Peach-based rootstocks (Prunus dulcis × P. persica, P. persica × P. davidiana); (2) Myrobalan-Marianna plums (P. cerasifera and interspecific hybrids having P. cerasifera as a parent); and (3) Slow growing plums (P. insititia, P. domestica, and P. domestica × P. spinosa). Eighteen SSR markers, from the 20 initially used, were able to amplify polymorphic products for the Peach-based rootstocks and 13 common markers gave also polymorphism for the Myrobalan-Marianna and Slow growing plums groups. The Dice coefficient of similarity was calculated between all pairs of accessions and their genetic similarity represented by a principal coordinate analysis. The genetic diversity detected among the 44 clones studied divided them in three groups, which are in agreement with their current taxonomic classification and their morphological characteristics. A set of three microsatellites (BPPCT001, CPPCT022 and UDP98-407) can distinguish between all the clones analyzed. The analysis within groups reveal another two sets of three SSR to distinguish between the clones from the Peach based rootstocks and the Myrobalan-Marianna plums, respectively, and only a single SSR is needed to distinguish within the clones from the Slow growing plums group. These results demonstrate the high potential of the SSR analysis for peach rootstock identification and studies of diversity in Prunus species.  相似文献