Improved physical control of glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on rice paddy levees in Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Valentina Dwi Suci Handayani  Yuki Tanno  Masayuki Yamashita  Hiroyuki Tobina  Minoru Ichihara  Yoshiki Ishida  Hitoshi Sawada 《Weed Biology and Management》2017,17(2):77-83

Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a non‐native annual winter grass that has seriously infested rice paddy levees and wheat fields in Japan. Recently, glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass was found on paddy levees in central Japan, thereby making control of the grass by using glyphosate less effective. In this study, physical control methods were tested that combined the timing and frequency of mowing in order to more effectively control glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass on rice paddy levees. A 3 year field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in a western region of Shizuoka Prefecture, where glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass has become dominant. Five treatments were tested: (i) mowing once before the flowering of the grass (i.e. conventional mowing measure); (ii) mowing once during flowering; (iii) mowing twice during flowering; (iv) glyphosate application before flowering (i.e. one of the conventional mowing measures); and (v) no treatment. The above‐ground biomass, seed production, soil seed bank and seedling occurrence of Italian ryegrass were measured to determine the effectiveness of these treatments. Mowing during the flowering period resulted in reduced above‐ground biomass, seed production and soil seed bank when compared with the other treatments. Additionally, mowing twice during the flowering period resulted in a lower seedling density than mowing once. The results suggest that, in this region, physical control by mowing during the flowering period would be more effective than conventional measures for controlling glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass.  相似文献   

Effect of water temperature and light intensity on swim bladder inflation and growth of red sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis> larvae     

Tomoki Honryo  Michio Kurata  Dario Sandval  Saki Yamao  Amado Cano  Yoshifumi Sawada 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):553-562

This study aimed to examine the effect of different water temperatures and light intensities on swim bladder inflation (SBI) and growth of red sea bream Pagrus major larvae to improve rearing techniques for this species. Two sets of experiments were conducted: different rearing temperatures were used in experiment 1 (19, 21, 23, and 25 °C), and different light intensities in experiment 2 (250, 1000, 4000, and 16,000 lx). Water temperature did not affect SBI frequency, but SBI initiation was accelerated at higher temperature, i.e., it was initiated on 3 days post-hatching (dph) at 25 °C and on 6 dph at 19 °C, suggesting that the promotion period for SBI, which needs a surface skimmer to be  run, also accelerated with increasing temperature in red sea bream larviculture. A higher temperature also significantly promoted larval growth, although the notochord of larvae at SBI initiation was shorter at higher temperatures. Light intensity had no effect on either the initiation or the frequency of SBI. However, light intensity of 250 lx significantly reduced early larval growth compared to light intensities higher than 1000 lx. These results indicate that light at an intensity greater than 1000 lx at the water surface is suitable for the early larviculture of red sea bream.  相似文献   

Penetrating Anorectal Injury Caused by a Wild Boar Attack: A Case Report     

Ichiro Okano  Yuki Midorikawa  Nobumasa Kushima  Yui Watanabe  Takuya Sugiyama  Katsutaka Mitachi  Kazuaki Shinohara  Takatoshi Sawada  Katsunori Inagaki 《The Forestry Chronicle》2018,29(3):375-379

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Effect of β‐Carotene Supply During Close‐up Dry Period on the Onset of First Postpartum Luteal Activity in Dairy Cows     

C Kawashima  S Nagashima  K Sawada  FJ Schweigert  A Miyamoto  K Kida 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):e282-e287

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of β‐carotene supply during the close‐up dry period on the onset of first postpartum luteal activity in dairy cows. Twelve cows were supplied with 2000 mg of β‐carotene (20 g Rovimix^®β‐Carotene containing 10%β‐carotene; DSM Nutrition Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan) by oral administration daily from day 21 before expected calving date to parturition. Fourteen cows (control) did not receive β‐carotene supplementation. Blood samples were obtained on days 21, 14 and 7 before expected calving date and on days 1, 7, 14, 21 postpartum. When the plasma progesterone concentration exceeded 1 ng/ml by day 21 postpartum, luteal activity was assumed to have been initiated. The result showed that serum β‐carotene concentrations in the β‐carotene cows were higher than in the control cows during the experimental period (p < 0.01). The number of cows with the onset of luteal activity by day 21 postpartum was 9/12 in the β‐carotene cows and 4/14 in the control cows (p < 0.05). Retinol, certain metabolic parameters and metabolic hormones concentrations did not differ between β‐carotene and control cows. In addition, serum retinol concentration in β‐carotene cows without luteal activity was lower than in β‐carotene cows with luteal activity (p < 0.05), and serum gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase concentration in β‐carotene cows with luteal activity (p < 0.05) and control cows without luteal activity (p < 0.01) was higher than in control cows with luteal activity. In conclusion, β‐carotene supply during the close‐up dry period may support the onset of luteal activity during early lactation in dairy cows.  相似文献   

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction discriminates which eggplant isolates of Corynespora cassiicola are virulent to sweet pepper     

Yoshifumi Shimomoto  Akinori Kiba  Yasufumi Hikichi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(3):226-231

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Evaluation of the juice brix of wild sugarcanes (Saccharum spontaneum) indigenous to Japan     

Takeo Sakaigaichi  Yoshifumi Terajima  Makoto Matsuoka  Takayoshi Terauchi  Taiichiro Hattori  Shoko Ishikawa 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(2):323-329

Modern sugarcane cultivars are derived from the interspecific crossing between Saccharum officinarum and wild sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum. The introgression of valuable characteristics from wild sugarcane is recognized as extremely important, but this process typically requires long-term effort over multiple generations of backcrosses owing to the low sugar content of the initial interspecific hybrids. In this study, we aimed to identify Japanese wild sugarcanes with high juice brix in order to promote effective interspecific crossing of sugarcane. Sixty-four accessions from the Nansei Islands and 70 accessions from the Honshu were evaluated for juice brix. Wild sugarcanes with high juice brix were demonstrated to exist among wild sugarcanes indigenous to the Honshu. A significant difference was observed between the median juice brix values of wild sugarcanes of the Nansei Islands and those of the Honshu. The relationship between juice brix and stem traits was then examined in 20 wild sugarcanes, 10 each from the Nansei Islands and the Honshu. The reproducibility of juice brix value in both experiments was confirmed. In contrast to juice brix, stem traits, such as length, diameter, and volume, were typically smaller in wild sugarcanes from the Honshu. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between the index of stem volume and juice brix. In this study, we identified outstanding wild sugarcanes with high juice brix. Using germplasms from the identified wild sugarcanes in interspecific crossing could contribute to the increases in both yield and sugar content.  相似文献   

Myrmecofaunal change with bamboo invasion into broadleaf forests     

Yoshifumi Touyama  Tetsuya Yamamoto  Nobukazu Nakagoshi 《Journal of Forest Research》1998,3(3):155-159

Recently, it is documented that bamboo (Mousouchiku:Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) invasion deteriorates ecological and/or landscape diversity. In order to investigate the ecological effects on forest-floor arthropods caused by bamboo invasion, we compared the myrmecofauna among broadleaf forests, bamboo-broadleaf mixed forests, and bamboo forests in Hiroshima City and its vicinity. Myrmecofauna in bamboo forests were more impoverished than in broadleaf forests. Myrmecofauna in the mixed forests, however, were similar to that in broadleaf forests in both species diversity and species composition. The change in myrmecofauna may occur relatively late after the initial bamboo invasion.  相似文献   

Detection of an earliness per se quantitative trait locus in the proximal region of wheat chromosome 5AL   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

K. Kato    H. Miura  S. Sawada 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(5):391-394

A homoeologous quantitative trait locus to that of eps5L on barley chromosome 5H was identified in a syntenic region of wheat chromosome 5A. Wheat single chromosome recombinant lines (SCRs) were developed from a cross between ‘Chinese Spring’(‘Cappelle-Desprez’ 5A) and ‘Chinese Spring’(Triticum spelta 5A), these were grown together with the parental controls under different vernalization and photoperiod regimes. The variation for ear emergence time accelerated heading induced by the T. spelta segment indicated an effect associated with the Xcdo412-Xbcd9 interval. Since no differences between the SCRs and controls in responses to vernalization and photoperiod treatments were detected, this effect was identified as an earliness per se gene, Q Eetocs-5 A.2, which may be homoeologous to the eps5L quantitative trait locus of barley. Xbcd926 has been found to be closely linked to the rice flowering time quantitative trait loci, QHd9a or FLTQ2, on chromosome 9, suggesting possible relationships among the quantitative trait loci across wheat, barley and rice genomes.  相似文献   

A novel fluorescent protein purified from eel muscle     

Seiichi Hayashi  Yoshifumi Toda 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(6):1461-1469

We discovered that some isolated eel skeletal muscle cells exhibited green fluorescence under a fluorescence stereomicroscope, and we successfully isolated a novel fluorescent protein from the eel muscle homogenate. The protein was a monomer with a molecular mass of 16.5–17 kDa and showed minor and major peaks at 280 and 493 nm, respectively, in the absorption spectrum. The molar extinction coefficient at 493 nm was 41,300 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and A280/A493 was 0.083. Excitation and emission spectra of the protein showed maxima at 493 and 527 nm, respectively. Heat treatment at 95°C for 10 min or 5% trichloroacetic acid treatment of the protein caused aggregation of the protein but did not release any fluorescent components such as FAD into the supernatant after centrifugation. Fluorescence of the protein remained after native PAGE, but not after SDS-PAGE. These results indicate that the purified fluorescent protein is not a flavoprotein, and that its fluorescent chromophore is a covalently bound one, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish Aequoria victoria, but that its fluorescence requires its native conformation within the protein. Based on these results, we can conclude that the fluorescent protein obtained from eel skeletal muscle is a novel GFP-like protein.  相似文献   

Hydathode function and changes in contents of elements in eddo exposed to zinc in hydroponic solution     

Md. Babul Hossain  Ayumi Sawada  Kaori Noda 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(4):423-433

To explore the zinc stress response in eddo, plants were grown for 15 d in hydroponic solutions containing 1 (control), 200, and 1000 μM zinc, and the hydathode function and changes in the contents of various elements in these plants were investigated. Under 1000 μM zinc, the dry weights of leaf blades and roots are decreased by 17 and 42%, respectively. The zinc contents in leaf blades, petioles, corms, and roots increased with increasing zinc levels in the solution. The zinc content in roots was 6.57 mg g^?1 dry weight, which was 2.8–4.3 times higher than in other plant parts under 1000 μM zinc. These results demonstrate that the severe root damage occurring under 1000 μM zinc is due to higher zinc content in the roots. Under zinc stress, the contents of iron and copper in roots increased, but the contents of magnesium and calcium in petioles, corms, and roots, iron in leaf blades and corms, and manganese in petioles and corms decreased. In the guttation fluid, the concentrations of zinc, magnesium, and potassium increased, while the iron concentration decreased under 1000 μM zinc. Thus, elemental changes occurred in the guttation fluid as well as in different plant parts in eddo. In the 200 and 1000 μM zinc treatments, the amount of zinc eliminated via guttation was 2.8 and 8.5 times higher, respectively, than in the control. The results indicate that guttation partly contributes to the excretion of excess zinc under zinc stress conditions.  相似文献