Human hair growth deficiency is linked to a genetic defect in the phospholipase gene LIPH     

Kazantseva A  Goltsov A  Zinchenko R  Grigorenko AP  Abrukova AV  Moliaka YK  Kirillov AG  Guo Z  Lyle S  Ginter EK  Rogaev EI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5801):982-985

The molecular mechanisms controlling human hair growth and scalp hair loss are poorly understood. By screening about 350,000 individuals in two populations from the Volga-Ural region of Russia, we identified a gene mutation in families who show an inherited form of hair loss and a hair growth defect. Affected individuals were homozygous for a deletion in the LIPH gene on chromosome 3q27, caused by short interspersed nuclear element-retrotransposon-mediated recombination. The LIPH gene is expressed in hair follicles and encodes a phospholipase called lipase H (alternatively known as membrane-associated phosphatidic acid-selective phospholipase A1alpha), an enzyme that regulates the production of bioactive lipids. These results suggest that lipase H participates in hair growth and development.  相似文献   

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate uptake by marine phytoplankton     

Vila-Costa M  Simó R  Harada H  Gasol JM  Slezak D  Kiene RP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5799):652-654

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) accounts for most of the organic sulfur fluxes from primary to secondary producers in marine microbial food webs. Incubations of natural communities and axenic cultures with radio-labeled DMSP showed that dominant phytoplankton groups of the ocean, the unicellular cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus and diatoms, as well as heterotrophic bacteria take up and assimilate DMSP sulfur, thus diverting a proportion of plankton-produced organic sulfur from emission into the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Critical disease components of common bacterial blight to effectively evaluate resistant genotypes of snap bean     

Roberto dos Santos Trindade  Rosana Rodrigues  Ant?nio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior  Leandro Sim?es Azeredo Gon?alves  Rogério Figueiredo Daher  Cláudia Pombo Sudré 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(3):201-206

Common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) is the main bacterial disease of snap bean. The present work aimed to select snap bean genotypes that are resistant to CBB based on three components of resistance: area under the disease progress curve, latent period, and lesion diameter on pods (DL). A completely randomized two-factor factorial design with six replications was used to evaluate leaves and pods of 14 snap bean and three common bean genotypes (PI 207262, BAC-6 and A-794) with high resistance to CBB. Two Xap isolates, 1394-98 and 775-90, were used to inoculate leaves and pods. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics. Significant differences were observed among the evaluated genotypes for all of the components of resistance, except for DL. The snap bean UENF 1482 demonstrated good performance in two disease resistance components. For this reason, this genotype can be recommended for use in breeding programs that aim to generate snap bean genotypes resistant to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli.  相似文献   

Participatory agroforestry development for restoring degraded sloping land in DPR Korea     

Jianchu Xu  Meine van Noordwijk  Jun He  Kwang-Ju Kim  Ryong-Song Jo  Kon-Gyu Pak  Un-Hui Kye  Jong-Sik Kim  Kwon-Mu Kim  Yong-Nam Sim  Je-Un Pak  Ki-Ung Song  Yong-Song Jong  Kwang-Chol Kim  Chol-Jun Pang  Myong-Hyok Ho 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,85(2):291-303

Participatory approaches in agroforestry combine land, labor, and knowledge, by blending local experience with external expert support for sloping land restoration. We describe and analyze over a decade of bottom-up agroforestry development processes that today are influencing national policies. In the 1990s, after economic upheaval following the collapse of trade with the USSR (Soviet Union) rapid conversion of sloping lands to agriculture, in association with heavy rainfall events, caused widespread erosion and landslides. In response, pilot scale ??user groups?? obtained rights-to-use, rights-to-harvest and rights-to-plan or access to sloping lands for tree products and food. All three rights were novel in the DPR Korea and jointly contributed to success, together with active research support. Innovations in double-cropping annual food crops together with non-competitive contour strips of valuable fruits (aronia berry: Aronia melanocarpa) and/or high-value timber (larch: Larix leptolepis) emerged as preferred local agroforestry systems. Broad support for agroforestry practices has now emerged within the Ministry of Land and Environmental Protection as well as a number of universities and research centres. Further development will require increased engagement with agricultural and horticultural agencies, while the social dimensions of participatory agroforestry continue to provide rich learning.  相似文献   

Deep planting with shelters improves performance of different stocktype sizes under arid Mediterranean conditions     

Oliet  Juan A.  Artero  Francisco  Cuadros  Simón  Puértolas  Jaime  Luna  Lourdes  Grau  Jose M. 《New Forests》2012,43(5-6):925-939

New Forests - Increasing plant size has been considered a way to improve survival and growth of planted containerized stock under dry conditions. Additionally, deep planting provides advantages to...  相似文献   

Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos sp.)     

Simões K  Orsi AM  Artoni SM 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2012,41(3):202-208

The ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos sp.) was analysed by transmission and scanning electron microscopies and compared with the results obtained in preliminary studies involving other non-passerine birds. The spermatozoa were characterised by the presence of a short head, short midpiece and long principal piece. The head consisted of a reduced acrosome that contained moderately electron-dense homogenous material. The implantation fossa was observed between the base of the nucleus and the proximal centriole. The midpiece contained electron-dense material associated with the proximal centriole and nuclear membrane, and a long distal centriole surrounded throughout its length by 11-12 elliptical mitochondria. A dense annulus separating the midpiece from the principal piece was visible. Posterior to the annulus, the axoneme was formed surrounded by a dense fibrous sheath, representing the principal piece or flagellum, which was a long segment with a smooth surface and a smaller diameter than the midpiece. The spermatozoon of the domestic duck resembles that of other non-passerine birds, corresponding to a basic type of spermatozoon similar to that of reptiles, called sauropsid type.  相似文献   

Anti HSV-1 Activity of Halistanol Sulfate and Halistanol Sulfate C Isolated from Brazilian Marine Sponge Petromica citrina (Demospongiae)     

Tatiana da Rosa Guimar?es  Carlos Guillermo Quiroz  Caroline Rigotto  Simone Quintana de Oliveira  Maria Tereza Rojo de Almeida  éverson Miguel Bianco  Maria Izabel Goulart Moritz  Jo?o Luís Carraro  Jorge Alejandro Palermo  Gabriela Cabrera  Eloir Paulo Schenkel  Flávio Henrique Reginatto  Cláudia Maria Oliveira Sim?es 《Marine drugs》2013,11(11):4176-4192

The n-butanol fraction (BF) obtained from the crude extract of the marine sponge Petromica citrina, the halistanol-enriched fraction (TSH fraction), and the isolated compounds halistanol sulfate (1) and halistanol sulfate C (2), were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the replication of the Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, KOS strain) by the viral plaque number reduction assay. The TSH fraction was the most effective against HSV-1 replication (SI = 15.33), whereas compounds 1 (SI = 2.46) and 2 (SI = 1.95) were less active. The most active fraction and these compounds were also assayed to determine the viral multiplication step(s) upon which they act as well as their potential synergistic effects. The anti-HSV-1 activity detected was mediated by the inhibition of virus attachment and by the penetration into Vero cells, the virucidal effect on virus particles, and by the impairment in levels of ICP27 and gD proteins of HSV-1. In summary, these results suggest that the anti-HSV-1 activity of TSH fraction detected is possibly related to the synergic effects of compounds 1 and 2.  相似文献   

Confirmation of Novel Quantitative Trait Loci for Seed Dormancy at Different Ripening Stages in Rice     

Kazuhiro SASAKI  Yuri KAZAMA  Youn CHAE  Tadashi SATO 《水稻科学》2013,20(3):207-212

Seed dormancy contributes resistance to pre-harvest sprouting.Effects on respective quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for dormancy should be assessed by using fresh seeds before germinability altered through storage.We investigated QTLs related to seed dormancy using backcross inbred lines derived from a cross between Nipponbare and Kasalath.Four putative QTLs for seed dormancy were detected immediately after harvest using composite interval mapping.These putative QTLs were mapped near C1488 on chromosome 3 (qSD-3.1),R2171 on chromosome 6 (qSD-6.1),R1245 on chromosome 7 (qSD-7.1) and C488 on chromosome 10 (qSD-10.1).Kasalath alleles promoted dormancy for qSD-3.1,qSD-6.1 and qSD-7.1,and the respective proportions of phenotypic variation explained by each QTL were 12.9%,9.3% and 8.1%.We evaluated the seed dormancy harvested at different ripening stages during seed development using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) to confirm gene effects.The germination rates of CSSL27 and CSSL28 substituted with the region including qSD-6.1 were significantly lower than those of Nipponbare and other CSSLs at the late ripening stage.Therefore,qSD-6.1 is considered the most effective novel QTL for pre-harvest sprouting resistance among the QTLs detected in this study.  相似文献   

N -Methyl- N -nitrosourea-induced Renal Tumors in Rats: Immunohistochemical Comparison to Human Wilms Tumors     

Katsuhiko Yoshizawa  Yuichi Kinoshita  Yuko Emoto  Ayako Kimura  Norihisa Uehara  Takashi Yuri  Nobuaki Shikata  Airo Tsubura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):141-148

N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced renal tumors in rats and Wilms tumors in humans were compared. Renal mesenchymal tumors (RMTs) and nephroblastomas (blastemal and epithelial components) in female Lewis rats treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg MNU at birth and Wilms tumors (blastemal, epithelial and mesenchymal components) in humans were analyzed for the expression of pancytokeratin (CK), vimentin, p63, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, S-100, CD57, CD117/c-kit, Wilms tumor 1 protein (WT1) and β-catenin. The mesenchymal components of rat RMTs and human Wilms tumors expressed vimentin, SMA and β-catenin. The blastemal components of rat nephroblastomas and human Wilms tumors expressed vimentin, CD117/c-kit and β-catenin. The epithelial components of rat nephroblastomas and human Wilms tumors expressed vimentin and β-catenin. WT1 was expressed in different cellular components of rat tumors as compared with human Wilms tumors; the expression was seen in mesenchymal tumors and blastemal components of nephroblastomas in rats and epithelial components in human Wilms tumors. CK, p63 and CD57 were not expressed in rat RMTs or nephroblastomas, while CK and WT1 were expressed in epithelial components and CD57 was expressed in blastemal and epithelial components of human Wilms tumors. Rat and human tumors were universally negative for the expression of desmin and S-100. The immunohistochemical characteristics of rat renal tumors and human Wilms tumors may provide valuable information on the differences in renal oncogenesis and biology between the two species.  相似文献   

Fostering sustainable water use in almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) orchards in a semiarid Mediterranean environment     

Iván Francisco García-Tejero  Saray Gutiérrez Gordillo  Luciene Souza  Simón Cuadros-Tavira  Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(2):164-181

This work examines the long-term effects of deficit-irrigation (DI) practices in almond crop (Prunus dulcis Mill.) in agronomical and physiological terms. The trial was conducted during four-year monitoring period (2014–2017), in an experimental orchard (SW Spain), subjected to three irrigation regimes; i) a full-irrigation treatment (F_I), which received 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ET_C); ii) a regulated-deficit irrigation (RDI₅₀), which received 50% of ET_C during the kernel-filling period; and iii) a low-frequency deficit irrigation (LFDI), that was subjected to continuous periods of irrigation-restriction defined in terms of threshold values of leaf-water potential (Ψ_leaf) during the kernel-filling period. During the water stress period, there were monitored Ψ_leaf, stomatal conductance (g_s) and canopy temperature (T_C). Significant improvements in terms of water-use efficiency were found, as no differences in terms of yield between F_I and LFDI were found, leading to the conclusion that significant water savings (between 27 and 40%) can be achieved without compromising the yield. Moreover, threshold values of Ψ_leaf and thermal indicators were defined which will allow establishing future irrigation scheduling without compromising almond yield, especially when DI strategies are being applied.  相似文献