Terminology for classifying the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status of swine herds     

Holtkamp DJ  Polson DD  Torremorell M  Morrison B  Classen DM  Becton L  Henry S  Rodibaugh MT  Rowland RR  Snelson H  Straw B  Yeske P  Zimmerman J;American Association of Swine Veterinarians;United States Department of Agriculture PRRS-Coordinated Agricultural Project 《Tier?rztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere》2011,39(2):101-112

Standardized terminology for the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status of swine herds is necessary to facilitate communication between veterinarians, swine producers, genetic companies, and other industry participants. It is also required for implementation of regional and national efforts towards PRRSV control and elimination. The purpose of this paper is to provide a herd classification system for describing the PRRSV status of herds, based upon a set of definitions reflecting the biology and ecology of PRRSV. The herd classification system was developed by a definitions committee formed jointly by the American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) and the United States Department of Agriculture PRRS-Coordinated Agricultural Project, and was approved by the AASV Board of Directors on March 9, 2010. The committee included veterinarians from private practice and industry, researchers, and representatives from AASV and the National Pork Board. Breeding herds, with or without growing pigs on the same premises, are categorized as Positive Unstable (Category I), Positive Stable (Category II), Provisional Negative (Category III), or Negative (Category IV) on the basis of herd shedding and exposure status. Growing-pig herds are categorized as Positive or Negative. Recommended testing procedures and decision rules for herd classification are detailed.  相似文献   

Role of calcium in activating soybean lipoxygenase 2   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

G L Zimmerman  H E Snyder 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1974,22(5):802-805

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Serologic diagnosis of encephalomyocarditis virus infection in swine by the microtiter serum neutralization test     

J J Zimmerman  H T Hill  G W Beran  M C Meetz 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1990,2(4):347-350

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Efficacy of ivermectin administered via sustained-release bolus against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G L Zimmerman  D M Mulrooney  D H Wallace 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(1):62-63

Twelve calves (mean weight, 175.5 kg) were used to confirm efficacy of ivermectin delivered from a prototype sustained-release bolus against naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes including early fourth-stage (inhibited) larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. The calves were allocated by restricted randomization on weight to 1 of 2 groups: controls, to which a placebo bolus was given orally, and treated calves, to which a sustained-release bolus designed to deliver 8 mg of ivermectin/day at a steady rate was given orally. After treatment, the 2 groups were housed in separate pens with concrete flooring. Twenty-eight days after treatment, all calves were euthanatized and necropsied. The ivermectin-treated calves had no larval or adult Ostertagia spp and significantly (P less than 0.01) fewer adult Trichostrongylus axei and adult Cooperia (C oncophora, C punctata and C surnabada) than control calves. Efficacy of ivermectin was greater than 99% for Cooperia spp, and 100% for other parasites. Drug-related adverse reactions were not observed.  相似文献   

Anthelmintic efficacies of fenbendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole against Nematodirus battus infections in lambs     

G L Zimmerman  E P Hoberg  L G Rickard  J K Bishop 《American journal of veterinary research》1988,49(12):2094-2095

Anthelmintic efficacies of fenbendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole were evaluated against naturally acquired infections of Nematodirus battus in lambs. Four groups of 10 lambs each were used. Oral administration of 8 mg of levamisole/kg of body weight or 5 mg of fenbendazole/kg significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the degree of infection by N battus (adults) by greater than 99%. An oral formulation of 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg was 98% effective (P less than 0.01). Numbers of other Nematodirus spp (including N filicollis and N spathiger) were significantly reduced.  相似文献   

Induced group A beta-hemolytic streptococcic infection in chimpanzees   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D H Krushak  R A Zimmerman  B L Murphy 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1970,157(5):742-744

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Evaluation of the Krupin-Denver valve implant in normotensive and glaucomatous beagles     

K N Gelatt  G G Gum  D A Samuelson  R M Mandelkorn  K W Olander  T J Zimmerman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,191(11):1404-1409

The Krupin-Denver valve was implanted unilaterally in 2 normotensive and in 6 glaucomatous Beagles. The fellow eye of each dog had an external trabeculectomy. Before and after surgery, all dogs were evaluated serially by gonioscopy, biomicroscopy, tonometry, and tonography. The valve implant remained patent in 2 normotensive and in 2 glaucomatous Beagles throughout the 12 months of observation. Valve function was lost in 4 glaucomatous Beagles 4 to 6 weeks (3 dogs) and 6 months (1 dog) after implantation. Light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic evaluations of early loss of implant function revealed occlusion of the lumen and/or valve mechanism by inflammatory debris and cells. The late loss of valve function was related to chronic inflammatory response and fibrosis about the valve mechanism and tubing within the sclera.  相似文献   

Reproductive performance of 2-year-old Hereford and Angus heifers as influenced by pre- and post-calving energy intake   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T G Dunn  J E Ingalls  D R Zimmerman  J N Wiltbank 《Journal of animal science》1969,29(5):719-726

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SNOMED representation of explanatory knowledge in veterinary clinical pathology     

Zimmerman KL  Wilcke JR  Robertson JL  Feldman BF  Kaur T  Rees LR  Spackman KA 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(1):7-16

BACKGROUND: The Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) is an established standard nomenclature for the expression of human and veterinary medical concepts. Nomenclature standards ease sharing of medical information, create common points of understanding, and improve data aggregation and analysis. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine whether SNOMED adequately represented concepts relevant to veterinary clinical pathology. METHODS: Concepts were isolated from 3 different types of clinical pathology documents: 1) a textbook (Textbook), 2) the Results sections of industry pathology reports (Findings), and Discussion sections from industry pathology reports (Discussion). Concepts were matched (mapped) by 2 reviewers to semantically-equivalent SNOMED concepts. A quality score of 3 (good match), 2 (problem match), or 1 (no match) was recorded along with the SNOMED hierarchical location of each mapped concept. Results were analyzed using Cohen's Kappa statistic to assess reviewer agreement and chi-square tests to evaluate association between document type and quality score. RESULTS: The percentage of good matches was 48.3% for the Textbook, 45.4% for Findings, and 47.5% for Discussion documents, with no significant difference among documents. Of remaining concepts, 40% were partially expressed by SNOMED and 14% did not match. Mean reviewer agreement on quality score assignments was 76.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Although SNOMED representation of veterinary clinical pathology content was limited, missing and problem concepts were confined to a relatively small area of terminology. This limitation should be addressed in revisions of SNOMED to optimize SNOMED for veterinary clinical pathology applications.  相似文献   

Congenital stationary night blindness in a Thoroughbred and a Paso Fino     

Nunnery C  Pickett JP  Zimmerman KL 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(6):415-419

This report documents congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) in two non-Appaloosa horse breeds (Thoroughbred and Paso Fino). History of vision impairment since birth, normal ocular structures on ophthalmic examination, and electroretinographic findings were consistent with CSNB. In one horse (Thoroughbred), a 9-year follow-up was carried out. In the Paso Fino, severe vision impairment from birth to approximately 1 year of age in both dim and bright light situations led to humane euthanasia and histopathologic confirmation of the disorder.  相似文献