Effects of Fe deficiency chlorosis on yield and fruit quality in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch)     

Alvarez-Fernández A  Paniagua P  Abadía J  Abadía A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(19):5738-5744

The effects of iron (Fe) deficiency on fruit yield and quality were measured in two peach cultivars, Carson (yellow-skin fruit) and Babygold (red-skin fruit). In both cultivars, Fe deficiency caused major decreases in fruit fresh weight per tree and number of fruits per tree. Fruits from Fe-deficient peach trees had a smaller size, resulting in a large decrease in the percentage of commercially acceptable fruits, whereas fruit firmness was unaffected. In cv. Babygold, Fe deficiency greatly decreased the red color of the fruit skin. Part of these results was likely associated with a delay in fruit ripening. When fruits with similar appearance were compared, taking into account fruit size, color, and firmness, Fe deficiency generally led to higher concentrations of organic anions (especially succinate and quinate), vitamin C, and phenolic compounds and to lower total sugar/total organic acid ratios. This could lead to decreased fruit eating quality and to a slight improvement in fruit nutritional value.  相似文献   

Pre-conditioning ornamental plants to drought by means of saline water irrigation as related to salinity tolerance     

Fernando Fornes  Rosa María Belda  Carolina Carrión  Vicente Noguera  Pilar García-Agustín  Manuel Abad 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

This study examines the feasibility of using saline irrigation water for commercial pot cultivation of three ornamentals: Calceolaria hybrida, Calendula officinalis and Petunia hybrida. Two saline treatments were assayed: irrigation with low saline tap water (electrical conductivity = 1.16 dS m⁻¹), and irrigation with a high saline solution of NaCl 100 mM + CaSO₄ 10 mM + MgSO₄ 2.5 mM (electrical conductivity = 12.5 dS m⁻¹). When the control plants reached marketable size the watering was stopped and the plant response to drought was studied. Petunia and Calceolaria were tolerant to salinity. Petunia saline-treated plants reduced their growth slightly and increased N and chlorophyll contents in the leaves. Calceolaria experienced a strong reduction in growth and a delay in flowering but no toxicity symptoms or mortality was recorded. These species were moderate NaCl accumulators. Calendula was sensitive to salinity: 16% of the plants died and the surviving ones experienced a heavy reduction of growth, a decrease in chlorophyll and a large accumulation of NaCl in the leaves. Saline pre-conditioned plants of Calceolaria and Petunia were tolerant to drought. In these plants, leaf water content and, specifically, leaf relative water content were sustained longer than in non-pre-conditioned plants throughout the drought period. In Calendula, leaf relative water content decreased at the same rate in pre-conditioned and non-pre-conditioned plants. Consequently, salinization did not confer drought resistance upon this species. Possible factors determining the tolerance to drought in saline pre-conditioned plants are discussed.  相似文献   

Previously unrecorded low‐temperature Phytophthora species associated with Quercus decline in a Mediterranean forest in eastern Spain     

A. Pérez‐Sierra  C. López‐García  M. León  J. García‐Jiménez  P. Abad‐Campos  T. Jung 《Forest Pathology》2013,43(4):331-339

Oak decline has been a serious problem in Europe since the beginning of the twentieth century. In south‐west Spain, Quercus ilex and Q. suber are the main affected species, and their decline has been associated with Phytophthora cinnamomi. During the last 10 years, a severe decline of Q. ilex and Q. faginea accompanied by a significant decrease in the production of acorns affecting natural regeneration was observed in the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of Phytophthora spp. in the decline. A forest in the Natural Park ‘Carrascar de la Font Roja’ in Comunidad Valenciana (eastern Spain), which is dominated by Q. ilex and Q. faginea, was surveyed during 2010–2011. Symptomatic trees showed thinning and dieback of the crown, withering of leaves and death. An extensive loss of both lateral small woody roots and fine roots and callusing or open cankers on suberized roots were observed. Soil samples containing fine roots were baited using both Q. robur leaves and apple fruits. Six Phytophthora species were isolated: P. cryptogea, P. gonapodyides, P. megasperma, P. quercina, P. psychrophila and P. syringae. These are the first records of P. quercina and P. psychrophila on Q. faginea, of P. quercina in Spain and of P. psychrophila in mainland Spain. A soil infestation trial was conducted for 6 months under controlled conditions with 1‐year‐old seedlings of Q. ilex and Q. faginea. Phytophthora cinnamomi was included in the pathogenicity test for comparison. The results showed that Q. ilex seedlings were generally more susceptible to infection than Q. faginea with P. cinnamomi being the most aggressive pathogen to both oak species. The two most commonly isolated Phytophthora species, P. quercina and P. psychrophila, also proved their pathogenicity towards both Q. ilex and Q. faginea.  相似文献   

Isolation and identification of bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) from latently infected water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from Iran     

Hedayat  Negar  Haji Hajikolaei  Mohammad Rahim  Seyfi Abad Shapouri  Masoud Reza  Ghadrdan Mashhadi  Ali-Reza  Izadnia  Hamidreza  Daghari  Maryam 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):217-226

In order to isolate buffaloes herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) from latently infected water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), 16 buffalo heifers were selected from a herd. At first, animals were bled and their sera were tested by virus neutralization (VN) test, using bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). According to the results of VN test and dexamethasone injection (0.1 mg/kg BW) for 5 consecutive days, the examined buffaloes were divided into 4 groups. Vaginal and nasal swabs were daily collected from all buffaloes from day 0 to 10 days later. Based on the cytopathic effects in cell culture, a herpesvirus was isolated only from nasal swabs of three seropositive buffaloes which they had received dexamethasone. The nasal swabs of these three buffaloes were also positive in PCR, using primers specific for ruminant herpesviruses gD gene. The identity of the isolated viruses was determined according to partial amino acid sequences of gD, deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the PCR products. On the basis of sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and genetic distances, the three buffalo virus isolates were more closely related to BuHV-1 and BoHV-5 than to BoHV-1.

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Influence of the gametogenic cycle on the biochemical composition of the ovary of the great scallop     

A. J. Pazos  G. Román  C. P. Acosta  M. Abad  J. L. Sánchez 《Aquaculture International》1996,4(3):201-213

The oogenic cycle and biochemical composition of the ovary of raft-cultured great scallop (Pecten maximus) were studied during the period April 1990–July 1991. The ovary condition index (FGI) and stereological studies showed the existence of two principal spawning periods, winter and late spring-early summer. No sexual resting period was found. Oocyte lysis was high throughout the year. Ovarian lipid levels displayed a clear seasonal pattern linked to the gametogenic cycle. Total lipid (TL, 16–21% dry weight), acylglycerol (AG, 20–65% TL) and free sterol (FS, 2.8–6.4% TL) levels were, generally, higher in the ripe ovary and a decrease coincided with spawning. Protein (59–63% dry weight), glycogen (<3% dry weight) and phospholipid (PL, 26–35% TL) levels showed no clear seasonal trend. The TL and AG were a good index of ovarian sexual maturity. The TL % of dry weight) correlated well with the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.779, p < 0.001), and AG (% f TL) correlated well with the mean oocyte diameter (r _s = 0.630, p < 0.01) and the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.443, p < 0.05).  相似文献   

Assessment of vegetative compatibility of Acremonium cucurbitacearum and Plectosphaerella cucumerina isolates from diseased melon plants*     

P. Abad  A. Prez  M. C. Marqus  M. J. Vicente  B. D. Bruton  J. García‐Jimnez 《EPPO Bulletin》2000,30(2):199-204

One of the most important disease complexes of melon in Spain has been referred to as collapse, sudden wilt or vine decline. Acremonium cucurbitaceaum and Plectosphaerella cucumerina (anamorph Plectosporium tabacinum) are two of the fungi implicated in this disease complex. Genetic diversity among populations of these two plant pathogens has been approached by the assessment of vegetative compatibility using nitrate non‐utilizing auxotrophs. In A. cucurbitacearum, with a host range limited to Cucurbitaceae and found in Spain and USA (California and Texas), 10 vegetative compatibility groups have been identified. Plectosphaerella cucumerina has worldwide distribution and wide plant‐host range. From a collection of P. cucumerina isolates with different plant and geographical origins, only four pairs have developed complementary heterokaryons when pairings of phenotypically distinct nit mutants (nit× NitM) were conducted. Each of the four vegetative compatibility groups consists of two members with close geographical origin and all the isolates were from diseased melon plants. Of the remaining P. cucumerina isolates, two did not produce nit mutants, two were self‐incompatible and the others were vegetatively incompatible among themselves, suggesting that this fungal species may have wide genetic diversity in nature.  相似文献   

Phenotypic,serological and molecular evidence of Chryseobacterium piscicola in farmed Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., in Finland     

P Ilardi  J Abad  P Rintamäki  J‐F Bernardet  R Avendaño‐Herrera 《Journal of fish diseases》2010,33(2):179-181

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