The effect of age, weight and the breed of heifer on the concentration of thyroxine during insemination     

E Bekeová  I Maracek  J Hajurka  L Lázár  M Krajnicáková 《Veterinární medicína》1985,30(1):1-9

We determined the thyroxine (T4) concentration in 63 heifers on 0th (day of insemination), 6th and 21st day after first and in repeat-breeder cows after second and third insemination in relation with the breed, age and weight of animals. The examination was carried out with a feed ration balanced according to the Czechoslovak State Standard CSN 46 7070, with all-the-year-round housing, with keeping the uniform time of insemination (8.00--9.00 a. m.) as well as the time of blood sampling (10.00--12.00 a. m.). The animals were inseminated from August to November. The average T4 concentrations, with a successful insemination, fluctuated on 0th day after first, second and third insemination at levels of 56.15 +/- 13.6; 84.6 +/- 10.66 and 89.75 +/- 13.62 nmol X l-1 of serum. As the results show, the lowest T4 concentrations (P less than 0.001; P less than 0.001) on 0th day were recorded in animals becoming pregnant in first insemination. The comparison with non-pregnant animals did not show any statistically significant difference in T4 concentrations. On 0th day of the second insemination, the T4 concentrations in pregnant animals were higher (P less than 0.01) as compared with non-pregnant. On 6th and 21st day after successful first insemination the T4 content increased significantly (P less than 0.001). After second and third successful insemination we recorded in T4 concentrations a moderate decrease on 6th day (P less than 0.01 for third insemination), with insignificant increase on 21st day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

The Comparative Morphology of the Muscle Tissues and Changes of Constituents in the Pig Types     

György  Fehér  Sándor  Fazekas  István  Sándor Nándor  Kollár 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1990,19(3):193-207

The authors have revealed the main value characteristics of pork production by testing in five different types of pig the volume of contractile and collagen proteins, that of proteoglycans, the constituents of blood and the enzymes of the blood plasma. The contractile proteins of the muscle tissues basically determine the quality of pork. The same applies to the water retention capacity, colloidal characteristics and glycogen content of meat. The amount of contractile proteins has decreased in the best meat producing types of pig. Parallel with the decrease of white meat, and with the increase in the volume of ham, chop and chuck the contractile protein content of muscles decreased. The scientific fact according to which there is a certain correlation among the changes in the volume of contractile proteins, blood sugar level, blood serum CPK and the intensity of activity of the LDH enzymes promotes the qualifying of live animals and the work of the geneticists aiming at the increasing of the contractile protein content of the muscle tissues of pigs by selection. According to tests carried out by us the primary cause of PSE changes is a decreased volume of contractile proteins. Increased stress sensitivity and all the other factors have but a secondary importance and are all consequential. The decrease in the quantity of contractile proteins or--it is better to put it this way--the lack of the proper amount of such proteins characterizing a fully developed pig's organism is caused by the nowadays usual breeding technologies and can be well explained by those selection activities which aim at a one-sided kind of pork production.  相似文献   

The effect of animal fat and vegetable oil supplementation of feeds of different energy concentration upon the digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters in rabbits     

S Fekete  I Hullár  H Fébel  J Bokori 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》1990,38(3):165-175

The effect of mixed animal fat and sunflower oil supplementation (5%) of a feed of medium (12.02 MJ DE/kg) and low (8.54 MJ DE/kg) energy concentration upon the digestibility of nutrients and on some blood parameters was investigated. The ether-extractable content of feed and faecal samples was determined by diethyl ether extraction (after Soxhlet) and the total (true) fat level was measured by the method of Stoldt (1952), viz. petroleum ether extraction of samples pretreated with 4 N HCl. In the majority of cases the voluntary feed intake decreased after the addition of animal fat or vegetable oil. Mixed animal fat supplementation significantly (by 5 and 11 units) improved the digestibility of the ether extract if added to either of the basal diets. The digestibility of crude fibre and N-free extract increased only in the case of the basal diet of low energy concentration (by 4 and 7 units, respectively). Sunflower oil addition produced changes of the same tendency (9, 9, 28 and 5 units). The digestibility of the crude protein was practically not altered by either supplementation. The total fat content of feed and faecal samples proved to be higher than that of the ether extract, on an average by 27 and 100%, respectively. Consequently, the digestibility coefficients of the total fat are by 10 units lower than those of the ether extract. The DE concentrations, calculated by means of the digestible ether extract or the total fat content, differed significantly only between the basal diets. The addition of mixed animal fat to either of the basal diets increased the blood concentration of total lipids (by 18 and 32%, respectively), while that of sunflower oil did not cause such an alteration. Neither fat nor oil supplementation had an effect on the cholesterol level of the blood plasma. Both the animal fat and the vegetable oil surplus modified the fatty acid composition of blood lipids. It was characteristic of each treatment that the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased.  相似文献   

Experimental control of the process of lead absorption and deposition in domestic ducks     

J Cibulka  D Trefny  Z Sova  P Mader  V Muzikár  M Podhorsky  M Lávicka 《Veterinární medicína》1986,31(12):739-746

A trial was conducted with 40 domestic ducks of the White Pekin breed at the age of 40 days: thirty pieces of lead shot were introduced as a single dose in the gizzard. The process of lead resorption and deposition was found not to be significantly influenced by the therapeutic treatments nor changes in the composition of feed. A week after the administration of shot a significant increase was recorded in the content of lead to 4.32 mg in liver, to 11.36 mg in kidney and to 1.15 mg in muscle (the respective values for the control animals were 0.07, 0.11 and 0.06 mg per kg). At the end of the trial after three weeks of treatment and administration of experimental diets, no significant differences were recorded in lead content in liver, kidney and muscle between the untreated and treated ducks nor ducks fed experimental diets.  相似文献   

Trace elements and vitamin A in the liver of newborn swine     

M Steinhardt  U Gr?tsch  A E Füssel  G Furcht  G Pape  K H?rügel 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1985,39(2):183-192

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A study of different (CaMV 35S and mas) promoter activities and risk assessment of field use in transgenic rapeseed plants     

J. Pauk  I. Stefanov  S. Fekete  L. Bögre  I. Karsai  A. Fehér  D. Dudits 《Euphytica》1995,85(1-3):411-416

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The effect of temperature during growth and flowering on the seed set of tetraploid freesia     

Y. O. Kho  J. Baër 《Euphytica》1973,22(1):35-38

Summary Phytotron experiments have been carried out to study the effect of different temperatures on the seed set of tetraploid freesias during the raising of the plants and at the time of flowering and pollination.The effect of a relatively low temperature during the growth period is reflected in a comperatively greater number of flowers as a result of an increase in number of ramifications of the peduncle. This sometimes promotes the seed yield notwithstanding that the lower temperature reduces the fertility of each seperate flower. It is clearly proved that the temperature during flowering and pollination affects the fertility of the flower and the ultimate seed yield of the plant. Experiments in our phytotron showed 14°C during the growth period and 20°C at the time of pollination to be the optimum combination for a good seed yield.The effect of a lower night temperature was generally favourable, particularly so when measured by the number of seeds per pollinated flower.  相似文献   

RAPD genetic diversity of Albanian olive germplasm and its relationships with other Mediterranean countries   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Angjelina Belaj  Zlatko Satovic  Hajri Ismaili  Dhimitër Panajoti  Luis Rallo  Isabel Trujillo 《Euphytica》2003,130(3):387-395

RAPD markers were used for the study of 19Albanian olive cultivars and two wild olives (oleasters). A total of 76polymorphic bands (4.8 polymorphic markers per primer) out of 107 reproducible were obtained using 16 primers. The number of bands per primer ranged from 4 to 10,whereas the number of polymorphic bands ranged from 1 to 9, corresponding to 71%of the total amplification products. All the accessions could be identified by the combination of four primers: OPA-19;OPA-02; OPK-16 and OPP-19. The dendrogram,based on Jaccard's index, included three major groups according to their origin: 1)most of the cultivars from the area of Berat (South of Albania) 2) cultivars from the Centre and Centre-North of Albania and3) cultivars from the Centre and North-West of Albania along with the oleaster from Elbasan. In order to evaluate the origin of Albanian cultivars they were compared to those diffused in other countries like Greece, Italy and Turkey, due to geographical and historical affinity among these countries, by using a one way AMOVA. Although most of the genetic diversity was attributable to differences among cultivars within each country (91.47%) significantφ-values among countries(φ_st = 0.085; p < 0.001)suggested the existence of RAPD phenotypic differentiation. Significant φ-values in all pairs formed by Albania with the other countries were observed. These results are consistent with the autochthonous origin of Albanian cultivars. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Associations between three ml-o powdery mildew resistance genes and agronomic traits in barley     

B. Kjær  H. P. Jensen  J. Jensen  J. Helms Jørgensen 《Euphytica》1990,46(3):185-193

Summary A population of 198 chromosome-doubled haploid lines of spring barley was scored for segregation in locus ml-o (powdery mildew reaction) on chromosome 4 and in the linked loci s (rachilla hair length) and ddt (reaction to the insecticide DDT) on chromosome 7. They were also tested in a disease-free field trial for the agronomic traits: grain yield, thousand grain weight, lodging, and necrotic leaf spotting. The three mutagen-induced resistance genes ml-o5, ml-o6 (from rc="/content/w58576261845k775/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Carlsberg IIrc="/content/w58576261845k775/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">) and ml-10 (from rc="/content/w58576261845k775/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Fomarc="/content/w58576261845k775/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">) showed no detectable differences with respect to effects on agronomic traits. They all conferred a four per cent reduction in grain yield caused mainly by lower thousand grain weight, and an increase in necrotic leaf spotting. The two original mutants of rc="/content/w58576261845k775/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Carlsberg IIrc="/content/w58576261845k775/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> had additional mutant genes affecting agronomic traits. Lines with gene S (long hair) had on average a three per cent higher thousand grain weight than those with s. The alleles in locus ddt showed no association with the agronomic traits. It is concluded i) that the associations between the three ml-o alleles and agronomic traits are caused by pleiotropy, ii) that ml-o resistant, high-yielding lines may be selected, and iii) that the association between gene s and thousand grain weight may be due to genetic linkage.Abbreviations DH-lines chromosome-doubled haploid lines  相似文献   

Pressure-induced unfolding and aggregation of the proteins in whey protein concentrate solutions     

Patel HA  Singh H  Havea P  Considine T  Creamer LK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(24):9590-9601

Whey protein concentrate solutions (12% w/v, pH 6.65 +/- 0.05) were pressure treated at 800 MPa for 20-120 min and then examined using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), small deformation rheology, transmission electron microscopy, and various types of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The pressure-treated samples showed a time-dependent loss of native whey proteins by SEC and 1D PAGE and a corresponding increase in non-native proteins and protein aggregates of different sizes. These aggregates altered the viscosity and opacity of the samples and were shown to be cross-linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds and by noncovalent interactions using 1D PAGE [alkaline (or native), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and SDS of reduced samples (SDS(R))] and 2D PAGE (native:SDS and SDS:SDS(R)). The sensitivity of the major whey proteins to pressure was in the order beta-lactoglobulin B (beta-LG B) > beta-LG A > bovine serum albumin (BSA) > alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), and the large internal hydrophobic cavity of beta-LG may have been partially responsible for its sensitivity to high-pressure treatments. It seemed likely that, at 800 MPa, the formation of a beta-LG disulfide-bonded network preceded the formation of disulfide bonds between alpha-LA or BSA and beta-LG to form multiprotein aggregates, possibly because the disulfide bonds of alpha-LA and BSA are less exposed than those of beta-LG either during or after pressure treatment. It may be possible that intermolecular disulfide bond formation occurred at high pressure and that hydrophobic association became important after the high-pressure treatment.  相似文献