Weather and Modelling Cereal Aphid Populations in Norfolk (UK)1     

S.J. WATSON  N. CARTER 《EPPO Bulletin》1983,13(2):223-227

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Utilization of porphobilinogen carbon-14 in biosynthesis of vitamin B12     

SCHWARTZ S  IDEDA K  MILLER IM  WATSON CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1959,129(3340):40-41

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Myasthenia in Springer Spaniel littermates     

R. P. JOHNSON  A. D. J. WATSON  J. SMITH  B. J. COOPER 《The Journal of small animal practice》1975,16(1-12):641-647

At 6 weeks of age several Springer Spaniel littermates developed weakness which was exacerbated by exercise and alleviated by rest. Pharmacological testing and electromyographic studies indicated that the disorder resembled human myasthenia gravis. The initial response to neostigmine was satisfactory, but correct maintenance of dosage was difficult and two pups were electively destroyed. During 14 months of observation the third animal has shown continued requirement for treatment. Neostigmine overdose produced signs similar to those of undertreatment, but was recognized by failure to improve after intravenous administration of edrophonium.  相似文献   

Comparative aspects of glaucoma     

PETER WATSON 《The Journal of small animal practice》1970,11(2):129-140

Glaucoma is a term used to indicate a rise of intra-ocular pressure. Primary glaucomas caused by mechanical obstruction of the outflow channels or by degenerative changes within them are rare in animals but common in man. Glaucoma secondary to intra-ocular disease is equally common in primates and lower animals. Glaucoma in animals normally presents with an enlarged painful eye whose cornea is cloudy; similar to congenital glaucoma in man. However, the adult human sclera and cornea are much thicker and will not expand so readily with the raised intraocular pressure. As a consequence the optic nerve becomes damaged insidiously and blindness from glaucoma without symptoms is therefore much more common in man than in animals. Treatment is easier in man because of the powerful ciliary muscle inserted into the trabecular meshwork. The consequent presence of the canal of Schlemm, the thickness of the sclera and the avascularity of the iris, make surgery in man easier and more satisfactory. Résumé. Le glaucome désigne un état dû à l'augmentation de la tension intra-oculaire. Les glaucomes primaires, provoqués par une obstruction mécanique des canaux excréteurs ou par des modifications dégénératives à ce niveau, sont rares chez les animaux mais fréquents chez l'homme. Le glaucome secondaire à une affection intra-oculaire est également fréquent chez les primates et les animaux inférieurs. Le tableau clinique du glaucome chez l'animal, se manifestant par un æil augmenté de volume et douloureux, et une cornée partiellement opacifiée, s'observe uniquement au cours du glaucome congénital de l'homme; cet aspect est dû à un épaississement de la sclérotique et de la cornée qui ne se laissent pas facilement distendre par une tension intra-oculaire augmentée; les lésions du nerf optique consécutives semblent être plus fréquentes chez l'homme que chez les animaux. Le traitement est plus facile dans l'espèce humaine, grâce à l'existence du muscle ciliaire trés puissant, qui s'insère dans le reticulum trabeculaire. La présence du canal de Schlemm, l'épais-seur de la sclérotique et l'absence de vascularisation de l'iris font que]'intervention chirurgicale est plus facile et donne des résultats plus satisfaisants chez l'homme. Zusammenfassung. Der Ausdruck Glaucom wird zur Bezeichnung der Steigerung des intra-okularen Drucks verwendet. Primäre Glaucome, die durch mechanisch bedingte venöse Stauung oder durch degenerative Veränderungen in den Wirbelvenen verursacht werden, sind bei Tieren selten, aber beim Menschen häufig. Sekundär nach intraokularen Erkrankungen auftretende Glaucome sind gleich häufig bei Primaten und niederen Tieren. Das klinische Auftreten des Glaucoms bei Tieren, eines vergrösserten, schmerzhaften Auges mit Trübung der Cornea, ist nur bei angeborenem Zustand zu bemerken, weil Sklera und Cornea viel dicker sind und sich nicht so leicht mit steigendem untraokularen Druck ausdehnen. Deshalb ist die Sehnervenschadigung beim Menschen wahrscheinlich häufiger als bei Tieren. Die Behandlung ist bei Menschen infolge des in das Trabecularnetz eingebetteten kräftigen Ziliarmuskels leichter. Das Vorhandensein des Schlemmschen Kanals, die Dicke der Sklera und die Gefässlosigkeit der Iris ermoglichen beim Menschen leichtere chirurgische Eingriffe mit zufriedenstellenderen Ergebnissen.  相似文献   

THE COMPOSITION OF MOUNDS OF THE TERMITE MACROTERMES FALCIGER (GERSTACKER) ON SOIL DERIVED FROM GRANITE IN THREE RAINFALL ZONES OF RHODESIA     

J. P. WATSON 《European Journal of Soil Science》1976,27(4):495-503

Thirty-eight termite mounds (about 1.6 m high and 7.6 m basal diameter) and the same number of adjacent soils were sampled in three rainfall zones: low (below 700 mm annual rainfall), medium (700 to 1000 mm annual rainfall), and high (above 1000 mm annual rainfall). Higher amounts of clay, silt, and fine sand, and lower amounts of coarse sand occurred in termite mounds than in adjacent soils of all rainfall zones. Extractable cations (Ca, Mg, and K), calcium carbonate, pH, electrical conductivity, and organic carbon were also higher in termite mounds than adjacent soils of all rainfall zones. Wide differences in extractable calcium between termite mounds and adjacent soils of low and medium rainfall zones indicated weak leaching of termite mounds; narrow differences in the high rainfall zone indicated strong leaching of the mounds. The ‘umbrella effect’ of termite mounds in shedding rainfall and retarding leaching is clearly displayed in the medium rainfall zone where high concentrations of extractable calcium in termite mounds and low concentrations in adjacent soils indicate weak and strong leaching respectively.  相似文献   

BLOOD UREA ASSAY BY THE REFLOTEST-UREA METHOD     

A. D. J. WATSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1982,58(4):171-172

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Plasma chloramphenicol concentrations in cats after parenteral administration of chloramphenicol sodium succinate     

A. D. J. WATSON 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1979,2(2):123-127

Five cats were dosed on five occasions with 20 mg chloramphenicol/kg body weight. The drug was given three times as chloramphenicol sodium succinate (by intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections) and twice as crystalline chloramphenicol in capsules. Plasma chloramphenicol concentrations were determined at fixed intervals after administration. Parenteral injection of the ester usually produced highest plasma levels at the initial sampling, 0.5 h after dosing. When capsules were given, there was greater variation between cats: highest plasma levels were recorded usually at 0.5-2 h after dosage but delayed absorption was evident in some cases. There were no statistically significant differences between the different routes with regard to mean plasma antibiotic levels at each sampling or mean area under the curve of plasma level versus time, except that mean plasma levels at 0.5 h were higher with intravenous or intramuscular injection than with oral administration.  相似文献   

Primary polycythaemia in a dog     

A. D. J. WATSON  J. A. YEATS† ‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1984,61(2):61-63

A 7-year-old, crossbred, desexed bitch had a fluctuating illness of more than 6 months duration, with signs of inappetence, reduced exercise tolerance, restlessness, panting, black diarrhoea, and red eyes and ears. Haematological examination disclosed persistent polycythaemia, reticulocytosis, normoblastaemia , and normal total plasma protein concentration when not dehydrated. Splenomegaly was present, but there was no evidence of significant pulmonary, cardiac or renal disease on physical, radiographic or electrocardiographic examination. Further investigations revealed normal arterial Po2 and oxygen saturation, and increased total erythrocyte volume. Primary polycythaemia was diagnosed. The dog was rendered anaemic by bleeding, then treated with a single injection of radioactive phosphorus. The patient has had no recurrence of signs and remains well 50 months later.  相似文献   

Silage and milk production: a comparison between barley and dried sugar-beet pulp as silage supplements     

M. E. CASTLE  M. S. GILL  J. N. WATSON 《Grass and Forage Science》1981,36(4):319-324

Two grass silages made from perennial ryegrass, and with D-values of 0·216 and 0·255, were offered ad libitum to 18 Ayrshire cows in two feeding experiments. On the control treatment the silages were supplemented with soybean meal only, and on the other two treatments with equal weights of DM from either barley or dried molassed sugar-beet pulp plus the same weight of soya as on the control treatment. The daily intakes of silage DM were not significantly different on the barley and beet-pulp treatments, and, on average, the intake of silage DM was reduced by 0·24 and 0·20 kg by feeding 1 kg barley and beet pulp DM respectively.
The daily milk yields were not significantly different on the barley and beet-pulp treatments with mean values of 19·2 and 19·2 kg per cow respectively compared with 17·2 kg on the control treatment. On the barley and beet-pulp treatments the fat, SNF, CP and lactose concentrations in the milk and the live weights of the cows were not significantly different. It is concluded that the barley and beet pulp had similar feeding values and replacement rates when used as supplements with grass silage, and that the two feeds were interchangeable on an equal DM basis.  相似文献   

Silage and milk production. A comparision between barley and groundnut cake as supplements to silage of high digestibility     

M. E. CASTLE  J. N. WATSON 《Grass and Forage Science》1976,31(4):191-195

Grass silage of hjgh digestibility made in late May from S23 perennial ryegrass was offered to twelve Ayrshire cows in a 16-week winter-feeding experiment. The silage had a DM content of 27.2% and contained 147% crude protein and 70.3% digestible organic matter in the DM. The silage was fed ad libitum and was the sole feed in the control treatment. In the other three treatments the silage was supplemented with barley, groundnut cake or a mixture of barley and groundnut supplying 4.7, 1.5 and 4.7 kg DM per cow per day respectively. The daily intakes of silage DM were 10.8 kg per cow in the control treatment and 8.6, 11.1 and 9.3 kg per cow in the barley, groundnut and barley plus groundnut treatments, respectively. The daily yields of milk were 14.6 kg per cow in the control, and 16.1, 17.6 and 17.9 kg per cow in the three supplement treatments, respectively. The fat content of the milk was highest in the barley treatment, whereas the SNF and CP contents were highest in the barley plus groundnut treatment. It is concluded that with a high digestibility silage, a supplement of groundnut cake was superior to barley for milk production.  相似文献