A SPECIFIC VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS IN CALVES: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CAUSAL AGENT   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

E. L. French  M.Sc.  Ph.D. 《Australian veterinary journal》1962,38(4):216-221

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INFECTION OF CHICKS WITH RECENTLY ISOLATED NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUSES OF LOW VIRULENCE   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. L. French  M.Sc.  Ph.D.  T. D. St.  George B.V.Sc. Jennifer J.  Percy B.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1967,43(9):404-409

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Ultrastructural morphologic evaluation of the phenotype of valvular interstitial cells in dogs with myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve     

Black A  French AT  Dukes-McEwan J  Corcoran BM 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(8):1408-1414

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morphologic changes in valvular interstitial cells of dogs and to find evidence for disease-associated phenotypic changes in these cells. ANIMALS: 5 clinically normal dogs and 5 dogs with severe mitral valve endocardiosis. PROCEDURE: Mitral valve leaflets were evaluated by use of transmission electron microscopy. Differences in cell type and cell location were identified. RESULTS: A change in cell type toward a myofibroblast or smooth muscle cell phenotype was detected, with the smooth muscle cell type being most common. These cells had long amorphous cytoplasmic extensions, fibrillar cytoplasm, incomplete basal lamina, few mitochondria, and eccentrically placed nuclei but lacked smooth endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi complexes. Remaining valvular interstitial cells had heterochromatic nuclei and produced only minimal quantities of collagen. Compared with normal valves, myxomatous valves ha many interstitial-like cells located adjacent to the endothelium. Deeper within the abnormal valves, cells with a heterogenous phenotype formed groupings that appeared to be anchored to adjacent collagen. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve in dogs is associated with phenotypic alteration, changing from an interstitial to a mixed myofibroblast or smooth muscle cell phenotype. A closer association between interstitial cells and the endothelium is evident in diseased valves. In response to the disease process, valvular interstitial cells of dogs appear to change toward a smooth muscle phenotype, possibly in an attempt to maintain valve tone and mechanical function.  相似文献   

A Cross-sectional Study of Reproductive Performance of Smallholder Dairy Cows in Coastal Tanzania     

Swai ES  Bryant MJ  Karimuribo ED  French NP  Ogden NH  Fitzpatrick JL  Kambarage DM 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(6):513-525

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 randomly selected smallholder farms from a mixed dairy farming system in Tanga, Tanzania, between January and April 1999. We estimated the frequency and determinants of long calving interval (LCI), retention of fetal membrane (RFM), dystocia, and abortion in smallholder crossbred cattle and explored birth trends. The mean calving interval was 500 days and birth rate was 65 per 100 cow-years. Dystocia was reported to affect 58% of calvings, and 17.2% of animals suffered RFM. Using mixed effect models, the variables associated with LCI, RFM and dystocia were breed, level of exotic blood and condition score. Zebu breeding was associated with LCI (odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, p = 0.041) and Friesian breeding with lower odds for RF (OR = 0.26, p = 0.020). Animals with higher levels of exotic blood had lower odds for evidence of dystocia (OR = 0.45, p =0.021). Evidence of dystocia was significantly associated with poor condition score (P = −1.10, p = 0.001). Our observations suggest that LCIs are common in smallholder dairy farms in this region and a likely source of economic loss. Dystocia, RFM, poor condition score and mineral deficiency were common problems and were possibly linked to LCI.  相似文献   

OBSERVATIONS ON WIREWORM POPULATIONS CAUSING DAMAGE TO WARE POTATOES     

N. French  J. H. White 《Plant pathology》1965,14(1):41-43

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THE PATHOGENESIS OF ENCEPHALITIS CAUSED BY THE INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS     

W. T. K. Hall  B. V.Sc.  G. C. Simmons  B.Sc.  E. L. French  Ph.D.  M.Sc.†  W. A. Snowdon  B.V.Sc.† Mary  Asdell M.Sc.  B.A.† 《Australian veterinary journal》1966,42(7):229-237

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EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF DOMESTIC FOWLS WITH AUSTRALIAN NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUSES OF LOW VIRULENCE AND SUBSEQUENT CHALLENGE WITH A VIRULENT NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. L. French  M.Sc.  Ph.D.  T. D. St.George    B.V.Sc. Jennifer J.  Percy  B.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1969,45(10):481-485

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Horse-level risk factors for fatal distal limb fracture in racing Thoroughbreds in the UK     

Parkin TD  Clegg PD  French NP  Proudman CJ  Riggs CM  Singer ER  Webbon PM  Morgan KL 《Equine veterinary journal》2004,36(6):513-519

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Fractures below the level of the radius or tibia (distal limb fractures) are the most common cause of equine fatality on UK racecourses; however, little is known about their epidemiology or aetiology. Identification of risk factors could enable intervention strategies to be designed to reduce the number of fatalities. OBJECTIVES: To identify horse-level risk factors for fatal distal limb fracture in Thoroughbreds on UK racecourses. METHODS: A case-control study design was used. Fractures in case horses were confirmed by post mortem examination and 3 matched uninjured controls were selected from the race in which the case horse was running. One hundred and nine cases were included and information was collected about previous racing history, horse characteristics and training schedules. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between a number of independent variables and the likelihood of fracture. RESULTS: Horses doing no gallop work during training and those in their first year of racing were at significantly increased risk of fracture on the racecourse. Case horses were also more likely to have trained on a sand gallop, i.e. a gallop described by trainers as being primarily composed of sand. CONCLUSIONS: Modifications to training schedules, specifically within the first year of racing, may have a large impact on the risk of fatal distal limb fracture on the racecourse. Horses should do some gallop work in training and our results suggest that the minimum distance galloped should be between 805-2012 m (4-10 furlongs)/week. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The information from this study can be used to alter training schedules in an attempt to reduce the incidence of fatal distal limb fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses. Training should include some gallop work, and further studies, recording the exact level of work, will help to identify an optimum range of training speeds and distances which will reduce the liklihood of catastrophic fracture on the racecourse.  相似文献   

Risk of fatal distal limb fractures among Thoroughbreds involved in the five types of racing in the United Kingdom     

Parkin TD  Clegg PD  French NP  Proudman CJ  Riggs CM  Singer ER  Webbon PM  Morgan KL 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(16):493-497

The risk of fatal distal limb fractures in thoroughbreds racing in the UK was calculated and shown to vary considerably between the different types of race. Flat turf racing was associated with the lowest risk (0.4 per 1000 starts) and national hunt flat racing was associated with the highest risk (2.2 per 1000 starts). The types of fracture were classified by detailed radiographic and postmortem examinations of all the cases recorded over two years, and the distribution of the different types of fracture in the five main types of racing was examined. Overall, lateral condylar fractures of the third metacarpus were the most common, and they were also the most common in national hunt-type races (hurdle, steeplechase and national hunt flat races). In all-weather flat racing biaxial proximal sesamoid fractures were most common, and in turf flat racing fractures of the first phalanx were most common. The risk of fractures of more than one bone was greater in national hunt-type races.  相似文献   

Effects of three types of trace element supplementation on the fertility of three commercial dairy herds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Black DH  French NP 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(21):652-658

The effects on the fertility of three commercial dairy herds of three types of copper- and selenium-containing mineral supplements was investigated. As the cows on each farm were dried off they were allocated to one of three treatment groups, and treated with either subcutaneous injections of copper and selenium, or two matrix intraruminal trace element boluses, or two glass intraruminal trace element boluses. When the data from the 406 cows on the three farms were combined, there was a significant difference between the conception rates of the three groups (P < 0.001). The cows treated with the glass boluses conceived at a rate 1.8 times greater than those treated by injection (P < 0.001), and at a rate 1.5 times greater than those treated with matrix boluses (P = 0.002). These differences were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of service resulting in a conception in the group treated with glass boluses than in the group treated by injection (P = 0.004). After adjusting for time from calving, time from treatment, time of year and farm, there was a significant (P = 0.012) difference in glutathione peroxidase activities between the treatments, with the group treated by injection having a significantly lower activity than the groups treated with boluses.  相似文献