Synthesis and testing of novel alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitors with antifungal activity against Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel), the causal agent of witches' broom disease of cocoa,and other phytopathogens     

Mario RO Barsottini  Brbara A Pires  Maria L Vieira  Jos GC Pereira  Paulo CS Costa  Jaqueline Sanit  Alessandro Coradini  Fellipe Mello  Cidnei Marschalk  Eder M Silva  Daniele Paschoal  Antonio Figueira  Fbio HS Rodrigues  Artur T Cordeiro  Paulo CML Miranda  Paulo SL Oliveira  Maurício L Sfora  Marcelo F Carazzolle  Silvana A Rocco  Gonalo AG Pereira 《Pest management science》2019,75(5):1295-1303

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An in situ single-pass perfusion model for assessing absorption across the intestinal mucosa of the brushtail possum     

BJ McLeod  H Zhang  L Huang  EG Thompson  AG Butt  IG Tucker 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):234-241

AIM: To develop an in situ animal model for assessing absorption of molecules across the intestinal mucosa of possums.

METHODS: A surgical preparation was used to perfuse known concentrations of reference compounds (fluorescein and luteinising hormone-releasing hormone; LHRH) through measured sections of selected regions (jejunum, caecum, proximal colon) of the intestinal tract of 19 possums, over a 2-h period. Plasma concentrations of the compounds, which were perfused either with or without co-administration of a permeation enhancer (sodium deoxycholic acid; SDA), were determined in the perfusion effluent, peripheral and in some instances in the pre-hepatic circulation by spectrofluorometry (fluorescein) or radio-immunoassay (LHRH). Pharmacokinetic parameters of both compounds in the possum were determined over a period of up to 4 h in a further 30 animals (fluorescein, n=6; LHRH n=24), from their plasma profiles following intravenous (I/V) administration of a bolus dose.

RESULTS: In animals perfused with 25 mg/ml fluorescein (Perfusion Experiment (PE) 1), the mean plasma concentration was 2.8 (SE 0.12) µg/ml in post-hepatic blood samples. When possums were perfused with 2.5 mg/ml fluorescein and 7 µg/ml LHRH (PE 2), mean plasma concentrations were 0.3 (SE 0.01) and 7.8 (SE 1.64) µg/ml fluorescein and 0.1 (SE 0.02) and 6.3 (SE 0.45) ng/ml LHRH, in the absence and presence of permeation enhancer, respectively. There was a poor correlation between pre-hepatic and post-hepatic concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS: The single-pass in situ perfusion technique provided a useful model for investigating basic information on the absorption of biocontrol agents across the intestinal tract of possums, but had limitations that must be recognised.  相似文献   

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RENAL PELVIC DILATATION ON ULTRASOUND IN DOGS AND CATS     

MARC‐ANDRÉ D'ANJOU  AGATHE BÉDARD  MARILYN E. DUNN 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(1):88-94

Renal pelvic dilatation is often recognized sonographically in dogs and cats, but ranges of measurements expected with different urologic conditions remain unknown. Ultrasound images of 81 dogs and 66 cats with renal pelvic dilatation were reviewed, and six groups were formed based on medical records: (I) clinically normal renal function, and (II) clinically normal renal function with diuresis; (III) pyelonephritis; (IV) noninfectious renal insufficiency; (V) outflow obstruction; (VI) miscellaneous nonobstructive anomalies. Medians for maximal pelvic width (range) for group I was 2.0 mm (1.0–3.8) in 11 dogs, and 1.6 mm (0.8–3.2) in 10 cats; for group II, 2.5 mm (1.3–3.6) in 15 dogs, and 2.3 mm (1.1–3.4) in 16 cats; for group III, 3.6 mm (1.9–12.0) in nine dogs, and 4.0 mm (1.7–12.4) in seven cats; for group IV, 3.1 mm (0.5–10.8) in 33 dogs, and 2.8 mm (1.2–7.3) in 13 cats; for group V, 15.1 mm (5.1–76.2) in six dogs, and 6.8 mm (1.2–39.1) in 17 cats; and for group VI, 3.8 mm (1.2–7.6) in seven dogs, and 3.0 mm (1.3–7.5) in three cats. Pelvic width in group I was lower than in groups III–V (P=0.0001), but did not significantly differ from group II. Pelvic width ≥13 mm always indicated obstruction. While the proportion of bilateral pelvic dilatation was not different among groups, the difference in pelvic width (maximal–minimal) was greater in group V vs. groups I, II, and IV (P=0.0009). These results confirm that renal pelvic dilatation can be detected sonographically in dogs and cats with clinically normal renal function, and that it increases with renal insufficiency, pyelonephritis, or outflow obstruction. Nevertheless, renal pelvic width varies substantially within groups and should be interpreted with caution.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—INTRACRANIAL CRYPTOCOCCAL MASS IN A CAT     

JAMES J. HAMMOND  ERIC N. GLASS  TODD M. BISHOP  MARC KENT  ALEXANDER De LAHUNTA 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(3):306-308

A 4‐year‐old neutered female domestic shorthair was evaluated for mentation changes and left prosencephalic signs. This imaging report describes the imaging findings for this patient. A diagnosis of a cryptococcal mass was made based on imaging and additional diagnostics. Complete resolution of the mass was demonstrated by follow‐up imaging. This report serves as a reminder that masses associated with cryptococcal infection should be included on the differential list for cats with intracranial masses. In addition, this report provides evidence that large intracranial cryptococcal masses may resolve with long‐term medical therapy.  相似文献   

Differential Rotation and Dynamics of the Solar Interior     

MJ Thompson  J Toomre  ER Anderson  HM Antia  G Berthomieu  D Burtonclay  SM Chitre  J Christensen-Dalsgaard  T Corbard  M DeRosa  CR Genovese  DO Gough  DA Haber  JW Harvey  F Hill  R Howe  SG Korzennik  AG Kosovichev  JW Leibacher  FP Pijpers  J Provost  EJ Rhodes  J Schou  T Sekii  PB Stark  PR Wilson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1300-1305

Splitting of the sun's global oscillation frequencies by large-scale flows can be used to investigate how rotation varies with radius and latitude within the solar interior. The nearly uninterrupted observations by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) yield oscillation power spectra with high duty cycles and high signal-to-noise ratios. Frequency splittings derived from GONG observations confirm that the variation of rotation rate with latitude seen at the surface carries through much of the convection zone, at the base of which is an adjustment layer leading to latitudinally independent rotation at greater depths. A distinctive shear layer just below the surface is discernible at low to mid-latitudes.  相似文献   

Chemical Usurpation of a Nest by Paper Wasp Parasites     

AG Bagneres  MC Lorenzi  G Dusticier  S Turillazzi  JL Clement 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5263):889-892

The paper wasp Polistes atrimandibularis is an obligatory social parasite of another Polistes species, P. biglumis bimaculatus. To control the host nest, the parasite sequentially changes the composition of its chemical signature, the cuticular hydrocarbons, during the colonial cycle. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the cuticular hydrocarbons at every stage of the cycle showed that the parasite can switch on and off an entire chemical family, namely, the unsaturated hydrocarbons. In this way the parasite can match the host signature at a critical moment of the colonial cycle.  相似文献   

Preliminary investigation of the effect of treating sheep during pregnancy with a vitamin A,D, E formulation on the incidence of vaginal prolapse     

BS Allott  AG Kenyon  PA Elder 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(3):193-197

ABSTRACT

Aim: To determine if vitamin D₃ treatment reduced the incidence of vaginal prolapse in pregnant sheep on a North Canterbury sheep breeding property.

Methods: Pregnant ewes from a single farm were allocated to three treatment groups in May 2018. At this time, the first group (EarlyVitADE; n?=?512) received an I/M 1?mL dose of 500,000?IU/mL vitamin D₃, 60,000?IU/mL vitamin A, and 25?mg/mL vitamin E. This was repeated in July 2018, when the second group (LateVitADE; n?=?695) also received the same treatment. The third group (n?=?737) were untreated controls. All cases of vaginal prolapse on the property were recorded from pregnancy diagnosis in June 2018 until ewes were set-stocked in August 2018. The planned start of lambing was 10 August 2018.

Results: During the period of observation, vaginal prolapses were recorded in 3/699 (0.4%) 2-year-old ewes, and the odds of vaginal prolapse were not associated with treatment group in these ewes (p?>?0.3). Amongst ewes aged ≥3 years, during the same period, there were 6/333 (1.8%), 6/443 (1.4%) and 25/469 (5.3%) cases in the EarlyVitADE, LateVitADE and control groups, respectively. Compared to control ewes, the odds of vaginal prolapse were reduced in both the EarlyVitADE (OR?=?0.37; 95% CI?=?0.15–0.92) and LateVitADE (OR?=?0.25; 95% CI?=?0.10–0.62) treatment groups.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: In this preliminary study, administration of injectable vitamins A, D₃, and E to pregnant ewes reduced the incidence of vaginal prolapse during the period from pregnancy diagnosis to set-stocking on one North Canterbury hill-country farm. Due to the restricted data collection period, this investigation should be replicated to better quantify the repeatability of the observed treatment effect over the complete lambing period.  相似文献   

Recasting the City into City‐Regions: Place Promotion,Competitiveness Benchmarking and the Quest for Urban Supremacy     

FRANCIS J. GREENE  PAUL TRACEY  MARC COWLING 《Growth and change》2007,38(1):1-22

ABSTRACT This essay critically examines twenty‐two studies designed to measure the competitiveness of cities and city‐regions. We suggest that while this research may show statistical correlations between different dimensions of competitiveness, there is little in the way of causation. More fundamentally, our main point is to question the utility of such studies. Regional disparities in terms of wealth and living standards are well known; simply recasting the spatial scale to the city or the city‐region does not change the underlying fundamentals of regional performance.  相似文献   

Pelvic Parameters, Growth Rate, Puberty, and their Interrelationships in Young Dairy Heifers     

AG Ramin  RCW Daniel  DC Fenwick  RG Verrall 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1995,30(3):117-123

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An isolation of Leptospira serotype Pomona from a domestic cat     

A.C. Harkness M.R.C.V.S.  B.L. Smith B.AG. B.V.Sc. Dip.Microbiol.  G.F. Fowler S.R.M.L.T. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(8):175-176

Extract

Between November 1971 and July 1972, the gastro-intestinal tracts of 51 dogs and 47 cats of various age were examined for helminth parasites. The animals examined were unselected and had been submitted for autopsy following death from causes unrelated to parasitism. Most of the animals were pets, but included in the survey were some working dogs. All came either from the city of Palmerston North or its surrounding rural areas.  相似文献