Testing Usability of Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Conservation of Goat Semen     

TAA Khalifa  AG Lymberopoulos  BE El‐Saidy 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(5):525-530

The objective of this study was to investigate whether butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) could be used as a suitable supporter or alternative of egg yolk during preservation of goat spermatozoa. Three in vitro experiments and a fertility test were conducted to evaluate the effect of BHT on viability of chilled‐stored semen as well as motility and kidding rate of frozen‐thawed spermatozoa. In the first two experiments, ejaculates (n = 30/experiment) were collected from 10 bucks, split, diluted with egg yolk‐based and egg yolk‐free extenders supplemented with or without 0.3, 0.6, 2, 5 and 8 mm BHT and stored at 5°C for 168 h. In the third experiment, 30 ejaculates were collected from the above‐mentioned bucks, split and diluted with egg yolk‐free extenders supplemented with or without 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mm BHT and egg yolk‐based extenders supplemented with or without 5 mm BHT. Diluted semen was cooled to 5°C over a period of 4 h, frozen and thawed in the form of 0.3‐ml pellets. In the fertility test, 75 ejaculates were collected from two proven fertile bucks, split, diluted with egg yolk‐free extenders containing 0.6 mm BHT and egg yolk‐based extenders supplemented with or without 5 mm BHT, frozen and thawed as described above. An insemination volume of 0.6 ml containing 120–140 × 10⁶ progressively motile spermatozoa was used for a single cervical insemination of cloprostenol‐synchronized does (n = 230). The results showed that addition of 5 mm BHT to egg yolk‐deficient (2.5%) extenders significantly improved viability of chilled‐stored semen together with motility (48.5%) and fertility (62.5%) of frozen‐thawed spermatozoa. Replacement of egg yolk in semen extenders by 0.6 mm BHT could sustain not only viability of chilled‐stored semen but also post‐thaw motility (47.5%) and fertility (53.75%) of frozen‐thawed spermatozoa. In conclusion, supplementation of semen diluents with BHT can ameliorate preservability of goat sperm.  相似文献   

Multidrug-resistant E. coli and enterobacter extraintestinal infection in 37 dogs     

Gibson JS  Morton JM  Cobbold RN  Sidjabat HE  Filippich LJ  Trott DJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(4):844-850

BACKGROUND: Extraintestinal infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Enterobacter are becoming more common in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVE: To generate hypotheses for risk factors for dogs acquiring extraintestinal infection caused by MDR E. coli and Enterobacter, describe antimicrobial resistance profiles and analyze treatment and clinical outcomes. ANIMALS: Thirty-seven dogs diagnosed with extraintestinal infection caused by MDR E. coli and Enterobacter spp. between October 1999 and June 2006. METHODS: Retrospective case series assembled from hospital records data, including clinical history before 1st MDR isolation and treatment outcome. Identity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were confirmed by standard microbiological techniques for 57 isolates. RESULTS: Most dogs had an underlying disease condition (97%), received prior antimicrobial treatment (87%), were hospitalized for >or =3 days (82%), and had a surgical intervention (57%). The urinary tract was the most common infection site (62%), and urinary catheterization, bladder stasis, or both were common among dogs (24%). Some dogs were treated with high doses of co-amoxyclavulanate (n = 14) and subsequently recovered even though the isolates showed in vitro resistance to this antimicrobial. Other dogs were successfully treated with chloramphenicol (n = 11) and imipenem (n = 2). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Predisposing disease condition, any prior antimicrobial use rather than a specific class of antimicrobial, duration of hospitalization, and type of surgical procedure might be risk factors for acquiring MDR extraintestinal infections. Whereas culture and sensitivity results can indicate use of last-resort antimicrobials such as imipenem for MDR infections, some affected dogs can recover after administration of high doses of co-amoxyclavulanate.  相似文献   

The Current State of Solar Modeling     

J Christensen-Dalsgaard  W Dappen  SV Ajukov  ER Anderson  HM Antia  S Basu  VA Baturin  G Berthomieu  B Chaboyer  SM Chitre  AN Cox  P Demarque  J Donatowicz  WA Dziembowski  M Gabriel  DO Gough  DB Guenther  JA Guzik  JW Harvey  F Hill  G Houdek  CA Iglesias  AG Kosovichev  JW Leibacher  P Morel  CR Proffitt  J Provost  J Reiter  EJ Rhodes  FJ Rogers  IW Roxburgh  MJ Thompson  RK Ulrich 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1286-1292

Data from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project and other helioseismic experiments provide a test for models of stellar interiors and for the thermodynamic and radiative properties, on which the models depend, of matter under the extreme conditions found in the sun. Current models are in agreement with the helioseismic inferences, which suggests, for example, that the disagreement between the predicted and observed fluxes of neutrinos from the sun is not caused by errors in the models. However, the GONG data reveal subtle errors in the models, such as an excess in sound speed just beneath the convection zone. These discrepancies indicate effects that have so far not been correctly accounted for; for example, it is plausible that the sound-speed differences reflect weak mixing in stellar interiors, of potential importance to the overall evolution of stars and ultimately to estimates of the age of the galaxy based on stellar evolution calculations.  相似文献   

In vitro Effect of Zearalenone and α-Zearalenol on Boar Sperm Characteristics and Acrosome Reaction   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

IA Tsakmakidis  AG Lymberopoulos  C Alexopoulos  CM Boscos  SC Kyriakis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(5):394-401

This study was conducted to determine the in vitro effects of three different concentrations (125, 187.5 and 250 microM in diluted semen) of zearalenone (zen) and alpha-zearalenol (alpha-zen) on boar sperm. Semen parameters such as motility, viability and spontaneous acrosome reaction were evaluated. From the results it was shown that both zen and alpha-zen affected the sperm characteristics significantly (p < 0.05), except for alpha-zen at the low concentration which did not decrease the percentage of live reacted spermatozoa significantly. In conclusion, zen and alpha-zen are directly toxic when they affect boar semen in vitro and consequently decrease the fertilization ability of the sperm. The higher the concentration of mycotoxin tested, the greater the decline of sperm parameters noticed. The influence of mycotoxins was found to be time- and dose-dependent.  相似文献   

Effects of a low manganese diet on certain ovine characteristics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J W Lassiter  J D Morton 《Journal of animal science》1968,27(3):776-779

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Pyogranulomatous enteritis in sheep due to penetrating seed heads of Dittrichia graveolens     

Philbey AW  Morton AG 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(12):858-860

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Resolving the structure of ionized helium in the intergalactic medium with the far ultraviolet spectroscopic explorer     

Kriss GA  Shull JM  Oegerle W  Zheng W  Davidsen AF  Songaila A  Tumlinson J  Cowie LL  Deharveng JM  Friedman SD  Giroux ML  Green RF  Hutchings JB  Jenkins EB  Kruk JW  Moos HW  Morton DC  Sembach KR  Tripp TM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5532):1112-1116

The neutral hydrogen (H I) and ionized helium (He II) absorption in the spectra of quasars are unique probes of structure in the early universe. We present Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer observations of the line of sight to the quasar HE2347-4342 in the 1000 to 1187 angstrom band at a resolving power of 15,000. We resolve the He II Lyman alpha (Lyalpha) absorption as a discrete forest of absorption lines in the redshift range 2.3 to 2.7. About 50 percent of these features have H I counterparts with column densities N(H I) > 10(12.3) per square centimeter that account for most of the observed opacity in He II Lyalpha. The He II to H I column density ratio ranges from 1 to >1000, with an average of approximately 80. Ratios of <100 are consistent with photoionization of the absorbing gas by a hard ionizing spectrum resulting from the integrated light of quasars, but ratios of >100 in many locations indicate additional contributions from starburst galaxies or heavily filtered quasar radiation. The presence of He II Lyalpha absorbers with no H I counterparts indicates that structure is present even in low-density regions, consistent with theoretical predictions of structure formation through gravitational instability.  相似文献   

PARTICLE PHYSICS: The Final Tally Leaves LEP a Probable Loser     

Morton O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5495):1274a

Physicists at CERN, the European particle physics laboratory near Geneva, are making a last-ditch appeal to postpone demolition of the lab's Large Electron-Positron (LEP) collider. Scheduled to be scrapped in September to make room for a new device, the Large Hadron Collider, LEP was granted a 1-month stay of execution so physicists could continue experiments hinting at evidence for the Higgs boson--a theoretical particle that physicists have coveted for decades. On 8 November, CERN's director-general turned down a further extension, but the executive committee of the lab's staff association blasted the decision, saying that the case against LEP had not been made clearly enough.  相似文献   

PARTICLE PHYSICS: CERN Gives Higgs Hunters Extra Month to Collect Data     

Morton O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5487):2014-2015

After 11 years of banging electrons and positrons together at higher energies than any other machine in the world, CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics, had decided to shut down the Large Electron-Positron collider (LEP) and install a new machine, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in its 27-kilometer tunnel. In 2005, the LHC will start bashing protons together at even higher energies. But tantalizing hints of a long-sought fundamental particle have forced CERN managers to grant LEP a month's reprieve.  相似文献   

Human liposarcomas: tissue cultures containing foci of transformed cells with viral particles   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

D L Morton  W T Hall  R A Malmgren 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,165(895):813-816

Viral particles occurring in foci of human liposarcoma cells in tissue culture are morphologically similar to the sarcoma viruses of the avian and murine species. Antibodies in the serum of the patient from whom the culture was originated reacted with cytoplasmic antigens in the original liposarcoma and in the cultured liposarcoma cells.  相似文献