PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA INCREASE GROWTH,YIELD AND NITROGEN FIXATION IN PHASEOLUS VULGARIS     

Mehrab Yadegari  H. Asadi Rahmani  G. Noormohammadi  A. Ayneband 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1733-1743

Nitrogen (N) fixation by legume-Rhizobium symbiosis is important to agricultural productivity and is therefore of great economic interest. Growing evidence indicates that soil beneficial bacteria can positively affect symbiotic performance of rhizobia. The effect of co-inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Rhizobium, on nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was investigated in two consecutive years under field conditions. The PGPR strains Pseudomonas fluorescens P-93 and Azospirillum lipoferum S-21 as well as two highly effective Rhizobium strains were used in this study. Common bean seeds of three cultivars were inoculated with Rhizobium singly or in a combination with PGPR to evaluate their effect on nodulation and nitrogen fixation. A significant variation of plant growth in response to inoculation with Rhizobium strains was observed. Treatment with PGPR significantly increased nodule number and dry weight, shoot dry weight, amount of nitrogen fixed as well as seed yield and protein content. Co-inoculation with Rhizobium and PGPR demonstrated a significant increase in the proportion of nitrogen derived from atmosphere. These results indicate that PGPR strains have potential to enhance the symbiotic potential of rhizobia.  相似文献   

Fatal levamisole toxicosis of captive kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)     

BD Gartrell  MR Alley  AH Mitchell 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1):84-86

CASE HISTORY: Nine of 24 captive kiwi treated with oral levamisole at a dose between 25–43 mg/kg showed signs of respiratory distress. Six died within 4 h of treatment and the remaining three made a full recovery within 24 h.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Within 3–4 h of treatment, the affected birds had an elevated respiratory rate, mucoid nasal discharge and rapidly became comatose. Post mortem examination revealed accumulation of thick mucus in the oral cavity and trachea. There was severe pulmonary congestion and oedema and early bronchopneumonia in the lungs of five of the birds. In two birds, there was acute hepatic degeneration and necrosis and one bird had acute pancreatic degeneration and necrosis.

DIAGNOSIS: Acute levamisole toxicity.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Kiwi were acutely sensitive to levamisole toxicity at doses that are well within the safe range for domestic poultry. Levamisole should not be used as an anthelmintic in kiwi.  相似文献   

Genotyping of Japanese field isolates of Mycoplasma synoviae and rapid molecular differentiation from the MS-H vaccine strain     

Ogino S  Munakata Y  Ohashi S  Fukui M  Sakamoto H  Sekiya Y  Noormohammadi AH  Morrow CJ 《Avian diseases》2011,55(2):187-194

Mycoplasma synoviae is an important causative agent of avian mycoplasmosis. In the present study the conserved domain of the variable lipoprotein and hemagglutinin (vlhA) gene of M. synoviae was sequenced and analyzed for 19 field strains of M. synoviae isolated from chickens across Japan. This analysis revealed that there were at least nine genotypes of M. synoviae present in Japan. Furthermore, we found a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within this region in all the Japanese isolates, and based on this finding, we established a PCR method with cycling probe technology to differentiate between these field isolates and the live M. synoviae vaccine strain Mycoplasma synoviae-H (MS-H).  相似文献   

Improvement in In Vitro Fertilization Rate,Decrease in Reactive Oxygen Species and Spermatozoa Death Incidence in Rams by Dietary Fish Oil     

A Matini Behzad  B Ebrahimi  AR Alizadeh  V Esmaeili  A Dalman  L Rashki  AH Shahverdi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):599-605

Our aim was to evaluate the effects of fish oil feeding on sperm classical parameters, level of reactive oxygen spices (ROS), spermatozoa death incidence and in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate in rams. We randomly assigned nine rams, into two experimental groups (isoenergetic and isonitrogenous rations with constant level of vitamin E supplement): control (CTR; n = 5) and fish oil (FO; n = 4, 35 g/day/ram). Diets were fed for 70 days during the physiological breeding season. After a 21‐day dietary adaptation period, semen was collected weekly from each ram by an artificial vagina. Sperm classical parameters were determined by the computer‐assisted sperm analyzer system (CASA), and it was prepared for IVF process by swim‐up technique. These evaluations were performed during the first and last weeks of sampling. Intracellular ROS level and spermatozoa death incidence were detected by flow cytometry on a weekly basis after adaptation. Data were analysed with SPSS 15. The volume, concentration (3.6 and 2.7 × 10⁹/ml) and sperm progressive motility (60 and 48%) were significantly improved in the FO group compared with the CTR (p < 0.05). A comparison of two‐cell stage embryos following IVF in the two groups showed a significantly higher fertilization rate in the FO group (56%) compared with the CTR (49%). Superoxide anion (O₂^?) rate was significantly lower (p < 0.05) at the third week of sampling in the FO. Although the H₂O₂ rate was numerically lower in the FO group compared with the CTR, this difference was not significant. In addition, apoptosis showed a significant difference in the third week of sampling (15 and 30% for FO and CTR, respectively; p < 0.05). Overall, adding fish oil to the ram diet not only improved sperm quality and IVF results, it also could reduce oxygen‐free radicals and the incidence of spermatozoa death.  相似文献   

Investigation of systemic isosporosis outbreaks in an aviary of greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) and goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and a possible link with local wild sparrows (Passer domesticus)     

MC Gosbell  OM Olaogun  KHY Luk  AH Noormohammadi 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(7):338-344

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Morphometric measurements to predict meniscal size in skeletally mature dogs for meniscal transplantation     

David W. Cradic DVM  Karanvir S. Aulakh BVSc & AH  MS  MS  CCRP  DACVS-SA  Paige Hymel BS  Katherine Barnes DVM  MS  CCRP  DACVS-SA  J. Alberto Gines DVM  DECVS  Nathalie Rademacher DVM  DACVR  Harmeet K. Aulakh BVSc & AH  MVSc  DACVIM  Chin-Chi Liu MS  MApStat  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(1):172-179

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Variation among New Zealand isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea     

S. J. KAY  A. AH CHEE  P. O. SALE  J. T. TAYLOR  E. HADAR  Y. HADAR  R. L. FARRELL 《Forest Pathology》2002,32(2):109-121

Sphaeropsis sapinea is a pathogen of many coniferous species and causes significant losses to the plantation forestry industries of many countries. New Zealand isolates of S. sapinea were examined for colony and morphological characteristics, and pathogenicity to Pinus radiata seedlings. Considerable variation was observed in colony growth form and colour, and in the growth rates on four agar media. The conidial dimensions, carbon and nitrogen utilization, and pathogenicity also varied among the isolates. The variation observed was such that the isolates could not be placed within previously described distinct morphotypes and the present results concur with previous studies cautioning the use of morphological criteria alone to partition the species. These results contrast markedly with previous reports and seemingly indicate a change in the New Zealand S. sapinea population. This difference may reflect the re‐introduction or spread of additional isolates or a shift in the structure of the resident population.  相似文献   

Application of high-resolution melt curve analysis for classification of infectious bronchitis viruses in field specimens     

KA Hewson  GF Browning  JM Devlin  J Ignjatovic  AH Noormohammadi 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(10):408-413

Objective A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis protocol was developed in our laboratory to differentiate infectious bronchitis (IB) virus reference strains. In the current study, this method was used to detect and classify IB viruses in field submissions. Procedure Over an 11-month period samples from 40 cases of suspected IB virus were received and 17 submissions were positive for IB virus by polymerase chain reaction. HRM curve analysis classified each strain as subgroup 1, 2 or 3 strain (12 submissions) or a strain that was unable to be classified (5 submissions). The 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and partial S1 gene nucleotide sequences for the 17 IB virus strains were determined and their identity with those of the relative reference strains compared to confirm the classifications generated using the HRM curve analysis. Results Of the 12 IB field viruses classified as subgroup 1, 2, or 3 using HRM curve analysis, the 3′UTR and S1 gene nucleotide sequences had identities ≥99% with the respective subgroup reference strain. Analysis of the 3′ UTR and S1 gene nucleotide sequences for the five IB virus strains that could not be classified indicated that four belonged to one of the subgroups, and one was a potential recombinant strain (between strains from subgroups 2 and 3). A novel recombinant strain was also detected. Conclusion HRM curve analysis can rapidly assign the majority of IB viruses present in field submissions to known subgroups. Importantly, HRM curve analysis also identified variant genotypes that require further investigation.  相似文献   

Determination of the effective dose of the live Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine, Vaxsafe MS (strain MS-H) by protection against experimental challenge     

Jones JF  Whithear KG  Scott PC  Noormohammadi AH 《Avian diseases》2006,50(1):88-91

The minimum effective dose of the Mycoplasma synoviae-H (MS-H) vaccine was determined through protection against experimental challenge. Chickens were vaccinated by eyedrop with the following doses of a vaccine: 1.2 x 10(5), 2.4 x 10(5) 4.8 x 10(5), 9.6 x 10(5), 1.92 X 10(6), and 3.84 X 10(6) color change units (CCU), then challenged 6 wk after vaccination. Rapid serum agglutination results indicated that 100% of birds receiving an MS-H dose of > or = 4.8 x 10(5) CCU had antibodies to MS and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that 60% of birds receiving a dose of 4.8 x 10(5) or 9.6 x 10(5) CCU and 100% of birds receiving a dose of 1.92 x 10(6) or 3.84 x 10(6) had antibodies to MS. At postmortem after challenge, the following parameters were significantly lower in birds vaccinated with an MS-H dose of > or = 4.8 x 10(5) CCU: air sac (AS) lesion severity; incidence of AS lesions; mucosal thicknesses in the upper trachea, middle trachea, and lower trachea (LT); and MS colonization of the LT and AS. It was concluded that an MS-H dose of 4.8 x 10(5) CCU was sufficient to elicit an antibody response in birds, prevent MS colonization in the LT and AS, and protect against AS lesions caused by an experimental MS and infectious bronchitis virus challenge.  相似文献   

Attenuated vaccines can recombine to form virulent field viruses     

SW Lee  PF Markham  MJ Coppo  AR Legione  JF Markham  AH Noormohammadi  GF Browning  N Ficorilli  CA Hartley  JM Devlin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6091):188

Recombination between herpesviruses has been seen in vitro and in vivo under experimental conditions. This has raised safety concerns about using attenuated herpesvirus vaccines in human and veterinary medicine and adds to other known concerns associated with their use, including reversion to virulence and disease arising from recurrent reactivation of lifelong chronic infection. We used high-throughput sequencing to investigate relationships between emergent field strains and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV, gallid herpesvirus 1). We show that independent recombination events between distinct attenuated vaccine strains resulted in virulent recombinant viruses that became the dominant strains responsible for widespread disease in Australian commercial poultry flocks. These findings highlight the risks of using multiple different attenuated herpesvirus vaccines, or vectors, in the same populations.  相似文献