Subchondral cystic lesions involving the second phalanx in two horses     

BA DOWLING  AJ DART  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(5):328-330

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The frequent detection of a treponeme in bovine digital dermatitis by immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction     

I. Demirkan  S. D. Carter  R. D. Murray  R. W. Blowey  M. J. Woodward 《Veterinary microbiology》1998,60(2-4):285-292

A study was carried out to determine whether spirochaetes are frequently associated with digital dermatitis in United Kingdom (UK) dairy cattle. Histopathological examination of lesions using a silver stain showed a large number of unidentified spirochaete-like organisms present in digital dermatitis hoof skin tissue in all examined biopsies. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that spirochaetes in skin lesions were identified by polyclonal antisera to Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema denticola and Treponema vincentii (again all biopsies were positively stained), whereas monoclonal antibodies to B. burgdorferi and any Treponema pallidum did not stain any organisms in all biopsies. A PCR of 16S rRNA, previously shown to be specific for a new treponeme, was employed and produced positive results from 82.4% of digital dermatitis tissues. It is concluded that this spirochaete (or related spirochaetes), which is similar to human oral treponemes, is frequently associated with, and may be responsible for, pathological changes in digital dermatitis.  相似文献   

Neonatal Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection on a Thoroughbred Breeding Farm   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Michael J. Murray  Fabio del  Piero  Stuart C. Jeffrey  Michael S. Davis  Martin O. Furr  Edward J. Dubovi  John A. Mayo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(1):36-41

Of 17 foals born on a Thoroughbred breeding farm between March and April 1995, infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was associated with neonatal morbidity in 5 foals, 3 of which died or were euthanized. Morbidity and mortality were associated with pulmonary inflammation, and EHV-1 was identified in the lungs of the 3 foals that died. All neonatal EHV-1 infections occurred in foals of mares housed in the same pasture and barn. No other clinical manifestations of EHV-1 infection (eg, abortion, neurologic disease, or respiratory disease) occurred during this outbreak. Three foals were treated with acyclovir (1 died, 2 survived), which may have influenced the clinical outcome in the surviving foals.  相似文献   

The occurrence of equine arteritis virus in Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PJ HUNTINGTON  AJ FORMAN†  PM ELLIS‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(12):432-435

This paper reports the first isolation of equine arteritis virus (EAV) in Australia and serological evidence of exposure to EAV in Australian horses. Twelve Standardbred stallions imported from North America were found to shed EAV in semen. One hundred and seven stallions were tested for serum antibodies to EAV and 73% of Standardbred stallions tested were seropositive as compared to 8% of Thoroughbred stallions. Serum antibody was detected in 71% of Standardbred mares, 6% of Standardbred racehorses and 1% of Thoroughbred mares and racehorses. Examination of stored serums demonstrated that EAV had been present in Australia since at least 1975.  相似文献   

Caecal disease in equids     

AJ DART  DR HODGSON  JR SNYDER 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(8):552-557

Objective To review the breed, age, gender, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of horses with caecal disease presented to a referral centre. Design Retrospective study of 96 cases. Procedure The breed, age, and gender of the study population were compared with the corresponding hospital population for the same period. The means (± SD) for clinical and laboratory findings were recorded for each caecal disorder. Treatment was categorised as medical or surgical, and outcome was recorded. Results Caecal diseases included impaction (40% of total cases), rupture associated with concurrent unrelated disease (13%), rupture with parturition (9%), rupture with no associated disease (5%), infarction (11%), torsion (9%), abscess or adhesion (7%), tumour (3%), and miscellaneous conditions (3%). The breed or gender of affected horses did not differ from the hospital population, although horses > 15 years were more frequently represented (P < 0.05). This age group was specifically more predisposed to caecal impaction (P < 0.05), as were Arabian, Morgan, and Appaloosa breeds (P < 0.05). In horses with caecal impaction transrectal examination was the most useful diagnostic procedure; 90% of affected horses treated medically were discharged while horses treated by typhlotomy alone, or typhlotomy and blind end ileocolostomy, had survival rates to discharge of 71% and 86%, respectively. Horses with caecal rupture associated with concurrent un-related disease showed no signs of impending rupture; all were receiving phenylbutazone, all were euthanased, and 50% had caecal ulceration at necropsy. Of horses with caecal rupture with parturition 56% had prior dystocia; in two-thirds the site of rupture was the ileocaecal junction and all were euthanased. Horses with caecal rupture with no associated disease died or were euthanased; rupture was idiopathic. Horses with caecal infarction usually had signs of abdominal pain and abdominal fluid changes consistent with peritonitis; transrectal examination was nonspecific, and typhlectomy was successful in seven of eight horses. Horses with caecal torsion had signs of severe, acute abdominal pain and typhlectomy was successful in three of five horses. Diagnosis of caecal adhesion or abscess was assisted by transrectal palpation in two of seven horses and surgical treatment was successful in two of five horses. A caecal tumour was diagnosed in three horses aged 20 years or older that presented with chronic weight loss. Other caecal diseases were uncommon. Conclusion Caecal disease is uncommon in equids but some specific features of the history and physical findings can alert the veterinarian to the possibility of caecal involvement in horses with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Medical or surgical therapy can be effective in horses where caecal rupture has not occurred.  相似文献   

World watch     

Gardner Murray 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(9):682-682

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Subject-based problem-based learning in the veterinary science course at the University of Queensland     

JS RAND  AJ BAGLIONI jr 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(2):120-125

Objective
To assess students' perceptions of subject-based problem-based learning in the fourth year of the veterinary science course at the University of Queensland.
Design
A questionnaire-based study.
Procedure
Subject-based problem-based learning was introduced into parts of two fourth year subjects in a 5-year veterinary science course. The problem-based learning exercise used modified clinical cases and was computer-assisted. Students worked in groups of two to four, and small group discussion sessions were tutorless. Lectures were replaced by large group discussion and feedback sessions, led by the teacher, with approximately 85 students.
Results
There was a significant increase in the percentage of students who strongly agreed that they had better understanding of the subject, and had learned to apply principles from this class in new situations. The only consistent criticism by students was directed at the extra time required compared to traditional lecture-based subjects.
Conclusion
Students' perceptions of the learning outcome were very favourable for problem-based learning when compared to the lecture-based subject.  相似文献   

Parasite kinetics and immune responses in efferent prefemoral lymph draining skin reactions induced by tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma congolense     

G W Akol  M Murray 《Veterinary parasitology》1986,19(3-4):281-293

Localised skin reactions (chancres) occurred on the flanks of cattle at the sites of deposition by tsetse flies of metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma congolense. Marked enlargement of the draining prefemoral lymph nodes accompanied the development of the skin reactions. Lymph from these nodes was collected through polyethylene cannulae inserted into the efferent lymphatics, and examined for trypanosomes, cells and antibody content. Within 6-9 days after infected tsetse fly bite, trypanosomes were detected in the efferent lymph; this preceded their appearance in the blood by 3-6 days, indicating that the lymphatic system acted as a major route for the passage of trypanosomes from the skin into the bloodstream. Responses induced in the draining lymph node as a result of trypanosome migration included a 2-3-fold increase in the volume of lymph and up to a 10-fold increase in lymphocyte output, including blast lymphocytes and plasma cells. Neutralising antibodies to metacyclic trypanosomes were detected in lymph and serum by Day 14 after infection, although in 2 out of 4 animals investigated, they were not demonstrated in serum until Day 18. Trypanosomes were also found in small numbers in efferent lymph of the prefemoral lymph node on the flank contralateral to the infected tsetse bites after development of parasitaemia. Increases in lymph flow and cellular output occurred about the same time in the ipsilateral and the contralateral efferent lymphatics, but were significantly less in the latter. Homologous challenge of immunised calves with tsetse-transmitted parasites revealed that trypanosomes were eliminated at the level of the skin or within the draining lymph node, as no parasites were detected in efferent lymph.  相似文献   

Prevalence of gastric lesions in foals without signs of gastric disease: an endoscopic survey   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M J Murray  C M Murray  H J Sweeney  J Weld  N J Digby  S J Stoneham 《Equine veterinary journal》1990,22(1):6-8

Gastroendoscopic examinations were conducted on 75 Thoroughbred foals aged two to 85 days on seven breeding farms in England and Ireland. The foals showed no signs of gastric disease. There was no significant difference between lesion prevalence in foals in England (16 of 28 foals; 57 per cent) or Ireland (22 of 47 foals; 47 per cent). Neither was there any sex predilection (18 of 36 males; 20 of 39 females). Lesions were most prevalent in foals under 10 days old (8 of 9) and least prevalent in foals older than 70 days (3 of 10). Lesions occurred most frequently in the squamous mucosa immediately adjacent to the margo plicatus along the greater curvature (34 foals), whereas lesions in the squamous fundus, the glandular fundus, and the lesser curvature were observed in 11, six and three foals, respectively. Lesions were not observed in the squamous mucosa surrounding the cardia. Gastric lesions were more prevalent in foals with a previous disorder than in those without (68 vs 43 per cent) and particularly with a history of recent or concurrent diarrhoea (9 of 14).  相似文献   

Slow viscous flow and the organization of the cell wall in conifer tracheids     

Owen A. Young  Murray J. Service 《Wood Science and Technology》1971,5(1):1-5

Summary In view of the known orientation of microfibrils about pits in conifer tracheids a model is presented which is consistent with the assumption that this pattern derives from the slow viscous flow of a fluid about a cylindrical obstacle.At present at the Botany Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, AustraliaThe authors wish to thank Dr. W. B. Thompson and Professor A. B. Wardrop for their constructive criticism.  相似文献