Neighbourhood immigrant acculturation and diet among Hispanic female residents of New York City     

Park Y  Neckerman K  Quinn J  Weiss C  Jacobson J  Rundle A 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(9):1593-1600

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Performance of finishing beef steers in response to anabolic implant and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation     

Parr SL  Chung KY  Galyean ML  Hutcheson JP  DiLorenzo N  Hales KE  May ML  Quinn MJ  Smith DR  Johnson BJ 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(2):560-570

Our objectives were to evaluate the dose/payout pattern of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol-17β (E(2)) implants and feeding of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers. A randomized complete block design was used with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. British × Continental steers (n = 168; initial BW = 362 kg) were blocked by BW and allotted randomly to 42 pens (7 pens/treatment; 6 pens/block; 4 steers/pen). The main effects of treatment were implant [no implant (NI); Revalor-S (REV-S; 120 mg of TBA + 24 mg of E(2)); and Revalor-XS (REV-X; 200 mg of TBA + 40 mg of E(2))] and ZH (0 or 8.3 mg/kg of DM for 20 d with a 3-d withdrawal before slaughter). Blocks were split into 2 groups, and block groups were fed for either 153 or 174 d. No implant × ZH interactions were noted for cumulative performance data. Overall, shrunk final BW (567, 606, and 624 kg for NI, REV-S, and REV-X, respectively), ADG (1.25, 1.51, and 1.60 kg), and G:F (0.14, 0.16, and 0.17) increased (P < 0.05) as TBA and E(2) dose increased. Implanting increased (P < 0.05) DMI, but DMI did not differ (P > 0.10) between REV-S and REV-X (8.8 for NI vs. 9.4 kg/d for the 2 implants). From d 1 to 112 of the feeding period, implanting increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F, but REV-S and REV-X did not differ (P > 0.10). From d 112 to end, ADG increased by 19% (P < 0.05) and G:F was 18% greater (P < 0.05) for REV-X vs. REV-S. Carcass-adjusted final BW (29-kg difference), ADG (0.2-kg/d difference), and G:F (0.02 difference) were increased (P < 0.05) by ZH, but daily DMI was not affected by feeding ZH. Hot carcass weight was increased (P < 0.05) by ZH (19-kg difference) and implant, with REV-X resulting in the greatest response (HCW of 376 for NI vs. 404 and 419 kg for REV-S and REV-X, respectively; P < 0.05). An implant × ZH interaction (P = 0.05) occurred for dressing percent (DP). Without ZH, implanting increased DP, but DP did not differ (P > 0.10) between REV-X and REV-S. With ZH, REV-X increased (1.7%; P < 0.05) DP vs. NI and REV-S. Marbling score, 12th-rib fat, and KPH were not affected (P > 0.10) by implant or ZH. Overall, treatment increased steer performance and HCW in an additive fashion, suggesting different mechanisms of action for ZH and steroidal implants. In addition, a greater dose of TBA + E(2) and extended payout improved steer performance and HCW.  相似文献   

Association between skin surface pH, temperature and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs with immunomodulatory-responsive lymphocytic-plasmacytic pododermatitis     

Breathnach RM  Quinn PJ  Baker KP  McGeady T  Strobl E  Abbott Y  Jones BR 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(4):312-318

Secondary bacterial infection is a frequent complication in lesional skin of dogs with immunomodulatory‐responsive lymphocytic–plasmacytic pododermatitis (ImR‐LPP). However, the influence of skin pH and temperature in determining the composition of the cutaneous microflora at lesional sites has not been investigated. The association between ImR‐LPP and pedal skin temperature, pH and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates was thus evaluated. Temperature and pH were measured in 20 dogs with ImR‐LPP and in 30 clinically healthy control dogs, and S. pseudintermedius was cultured from interdigital and palmoplantar swabs in both groups and scored semi‐quantitatively for bacterial growth. In the ImR‐LPP group, mean skin pH was slightly, but significantly, higher at both interdigital and palmoplantar sites. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was isolated more frequently, and scores for bacterial growth were also significantly higher. However, mean skin temperatures were not significantly different from those in the control group. The isolation of S. pseudintermedius was significantly associated with ImR‐LPP, with the single exception of isolates on Columbia blood agar from the palmoplantar region. However, pH and temperature were not significantly associated with the disease, and were not associated with the isolation of S. pseudintermedius at most sites sampled. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was not isolated from all feet sampled in dogs with ImR‐LPP. Taken together, these data would suggest that S. pseudintermedius infection is most likely to be a secondary phenomenon in dogs with ImR‐LPP, and that changes in skin pH and temperature are not significant risk factors for this disease.  相似文献   

Semi-automated slaughtering and dressing of cattle     

AK Sutherland 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(2):57-57

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Current status of toxoplasma and toxoplasmosis: a review.   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

P J Quinn  B M McCraw 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1972,13(11):247-262

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An aetiopathological study of chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs in Ireland     

Sheehan M  Cassidy JP  Brady J  Ball H  Doherty ML  Quinn PJ  Nicholas RA  Markey BK 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(3):630-637

Chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs, also known as 'atypical' or 'chronic, non-progressive' pneumonia is a common, frequently sub-clinical disease affecting animals under 12-months-old in intensive production systems. Infection with both Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mannheimia haemolytica have been implicated in the aetiology of this condition and a variety of pulmonary lesions can result. In this study, detailed laboratory examination of 30 abattoir-derived lungs with the characteristic gross features of atypical pneumonia (AP) was carried out with a view to refining and correlating the histopathological and microbiological criteria required for the diagnosis of this disease. For the first time a broad range of laboratory detection techniques including bacterial and virus isolation, fluorescent antibody tests and immunohistochemistry were used in parallel to identify potential causative pathogens such as M. ovipneumoniae, M. haemolytica, parainfluenza type-3 (PI3) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in AP lesions. The most consistent finding was the association of gross AP lesions with M. ovipneumoniae, identified by either culture or immunohistochemistry in 27 (90%) of the 30 cases. However the presence M. ovipneumoniae organisms or antigen did not consistently correlate with particular histopathological changes. Furthermore, peri-airway lymphoid hyperplasia, intra-alveolar exudation and nodular 'hyaline scars', which are all previously reported microscopic lesions of AP, were not identified in 12 (40%) of the cases and isolation of M. haemolytica was over-represented in lungs exhibiting suppurative lesions. These findings illustrate the complex aetiopathogenesis of this disease and highlight the requirement to use a combination of diagnostic criteria in its laboratory diagnosis.  相似文献   

Salmonella Typhimurium persistence in a Hunter Valley dairy herd     

Vanselow BA  Hum S  Hornitzky MA  Eamens GJ  Quinn K 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(11):446-450

OBJECTIVE: An epidemiological study was undertaken at a Hunter Valley dairy with persistent Salmonella Typhimurium infection. The aim of the study was to identify cattle currently or previously infected with Salmonella, possible sources of the organism, patterns of spread, and husbandry practices that could be improved. METHODOLOGY: Faecal samples, feed, water and environmental samples were cultured for Salmonella and blood samples were tested for antibodies against Salmonella (Dublin and Typhimurium). A questionnaire was designed to identify possible risk factors associated with Salmonella excretion. RESULTS: S Typhimurium was apparently introduced from an old to a new dairy through manure spread as fertiliser. Salmonella apparently persisted in the effluent pond, and the following year clinical cases occurred after pasture, irrigated with water from the pond, was grazed by dry cows, and adult cattle became clinically ill with salmonellosis. The disease spread to other cows and calves. Poor design of calf pens assisted spread of Salmonella from sick to healthy calves. In addition, there was suspected transmission to the dairy farmer's 9-month-old daughter. Salmonellosis on a farm is a potential zoonotic risk to farm workers and their families. There is also the risk that cull cows may carry Salmonella to the abattoir and subsequently into the human food chain. Methods of waste management, and the design of calf pens, were identified as major risk factors that could be improved to minimise the spread of salmonellosis on this property.  相似文献   

Significant suppression of invasive emerald ash borer by introduced parasitoids: potential for North American ash recovery     

Duan  Jian J.  Van Driesche  Roy G.  Schmude  Jonathan  Crandall  Ryan  Rutlege  Claire  Quinn  Nicole  Slager  Benjamin H.  Gould  Juli R.  Elkinton  Joseph S. 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(3):1081-1090

Journal of Pest Science - Successful management of invasive forest pests with sustainable approaches, such as biological control, is critical to the restoration of the affected or damaged forest...  相似文献   

Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

PJ Sellers  RE Dickinson  DA Randall  AK Betts  FG Hall  JA Berry  GJ Collatz  AS Denning  HA Mooney  CA Nobre  N Sato  CB Field  A Henderson-Sellers 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5299):502-509

Atmospheric general circulation models used for climate simulation and weather forecasting require the fluxes of radiation, heat, water vapor, and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface to be specified. These fluxes are calculated by submodels called land surface parameterizations. Over the last 20 years, these parameterizations have evolved from simple, unrealistic schemes into credible representations of the global soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer system as advances in plant physiological and hydrological research, advances in satellite data interpretation, and the results of large-scale field experiments have been exploited. Some modern schemes incorporate biogeochemical and ecological knowledge and, when coupled with advanced climate and ocean models, will be capable of modeling the biological and physical responses of the Earth system to global change, for example, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.  相似文献   

Waste potato dumps as sources of insects contaminated with soft rot coliform bacteria in relation to re-contamination of pathogen-free potato stocks     

M. D. Harrison  C. E. Quinn  I. Ann Sells  D. C. Graham 《Potato Research》1977,20(1):37-52

Summary Insects belonging to 12 genera in the Order Diptera, found at two large waste potato dumps in Scotland. were contaminated with soft rot coliform bacteria. In 1973, 5.7% and 3.2% and in 1974, 4.8% and 4.1% of the insects caught at each site yielded these organisms. The bacteria were identified mainly asErwinia carotovora var.carotovora, though some isolates wereErwinia carotovora var.atroseptica. Isolations from potato dump waste showed that at the time when fly activity was greatest the majority of soft rot coliforms in the waste wereE. carotovora var.carotovora, despite the fact that tubers originally forming the dumps were almost certainly infected mostly withE. carotovora var.atroseptica. Contaminated insects could readily transmit soft rot coliforms to damaged areas on the aerial parts of potato plants. It is suggested that potato stocks freed from these organisms by the stem cutting procedure could become re-contaminated by insects that disperse from potato dumps.

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Zusammenfassung Zw?lf Arten von Insekten der Gattung Diptera, periodisch gesammelt auf zwei grossen Kartoffelabfallhaufen in Schottland, waren mit koliformen Nassf?ulebakterien kontaminiert (Tab. 2, 3, 5 und 6). Nur zwei der Arten galten vorher als m?gliche Ubertr?ger dieser Organismen. 1973 waren 4,6% der an den beiden Orten w?hrend der Saison gesammelten Insekten mit diesen Organismen behaftet, 1974 waren es 4,5%. Nicht weniger als 9,6% der Insekten waren bei einigen F?ngen im Jahre 1973 und 14,7% im Jahre 1974 Tr?ger von Nassf?uleErwinia sp. Die Fruchtfliegen (Parascaptomyza sp. undDrosophila spp.) waren 1973 die am h?ufigsten kontaminierten Insekten (Tab. 2 und 3). Diese Gruppe von Insekten war auch 1974 meistens kontaminiert, aber am h?ufigsten wurden die Bakterien vonScatophaga spp. undDelia spp. (Tab. 5 und 6) isoliert. Sowohl 1973 als auch 1974 wurdeErwinia carotovora var.carotovora (in der FolgeE. carotovora genannt) h?ufiger von den Insekten isoliert alsErwinia carotovora var.atroseptica (in der FolgeE. atroseptica genannt) (Tab. 1 und 4), obwohl die Knollen. die ursprünglich den Abfallhaufen ausmachten, fast sicher meistens mitE. atroseptica infiziert waren. Das Verh?ltnis vonE. carotovora zuE. atroseptica, isoliert von Insekten beider Haufen, war 1973 9,5∶1 (13,5∶1 und 5,5∶1 je Abfallhaufen) und 1974 3,8∶1 (2,7∶1 und 6,8∶1 für die beiden Orte).E. atroseptica wurde 1973 nur früh in der Vegetationszeit (vor dem 30. Juli) von den Insekten isoliert (Tab. 1), 1974 nur früh (vor dem 30. Juli) oder sp?t in der Vegetationszeit (nach dem 10. Oktober) (Tab. 4).E. carotovora dagegen konnte in beiden Jahren über die ganze Vegatationszeit isoliert werden (Tab. 1 und 4). Die Wiedergewinnung vonE. atroseptica von Insekten war mit dem Vorhandensein von frisch abgelagerten faulen Knollen zur Zeit. wenn die Insekten gesammelt werden. verbunden. EinzigE. carotovora wurde von Insekten isoliert. die zu einer Zeit gesammelt wurden, wenn auf den Abfallhaufen nur?lteres verfaulendes Material vorhanden war. Isolationen von faulenden Ueberresten, die 1975 dem Abfallhaufen entnommen wurden (Tab. 7), zeigten, dass sowohlE. carotovora als auchE. atroseptica in der Regel das ganze Jahr vorhanden waren.E. atroseptica herrschte früh im Jahr (Januar bis Juni) vor und an einem Ort auch sp?t in der Zeit der Musterentnahme (Oktober bis Dezember).E. carotovora war von Juni bis Oktober der am meisten isolierte Organismus. Das Vorherrschen vonErwinia carotovora var.atroseptica war mit dem Vorhandensein von frisch weggeworfenen Kartoffelknollen früh und sp?t in der Zeit der Musterentnahme verbunden.E. carotovora schien in den faulenden Knollen l?nger zu überleben und war der am meisten isolierte Organismus aus ?lterem verwesendem Material. Die Verh?ltniswerte vonE. carotovora zuE. atroseptica. isoliert von Insekten. waren h?her alsjene, die für das verfaulende Material aus den Abfallhaufen gefunden wurden. Es ist anzunehmen, dass die Insekten selbst einen selektiven Einfluss zu Gunsten vonE. carotovora ausüben. Von einem der Abfallhaufen gesammelten Insekten übertrugen im GlashausE. carotovora sogleich auf verletzte Kartoffelstengel. Man nimmt an, dass Kartoffelbest?nde. die mit Hilfe des Stengelschnittes von koliformen Nassf?uleerregern befreit wurden, durch Insekten, die von Kartoffelabfallhaufen kommen, wieder verseucht werden k?nnen.

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Résumé 12 genres d'insectes appartenant à l'ordre des Diptères, capturés périodiquement en Ecosse. sur deux grands tas de déchets de pommes de terre se sont révélés être contaminés par des bactéries coliformes. agents de la pourriture molle (tableaux 2, 3, 5 et 6). Auparavant, seuls 2 genres avaient été cités comme vecteurs possibles de ces microorganismes. En 1973, 4.6% des insectes capturés aux 2 endroits, et en cours de saison. portaient ces parasites de la pomme de terre. En 1974. 4,5% étaient également contaminés. Pour l'ensemble de ces captures. il y a eu 9.6% des insectes en 1973. et 14.7% en 1974 qui portaientErwinia sp. Les mouches des fruits (Parascaptomyza etDrosophila spp.) ont été le plus fréquemment contaminés en 1973 (tableaux 2 et 3). Ce groupe d'insectes était également atteint en 1974. mais les bactéries on été plus fréquemment isolées à partir deScatophaga spp. etDélia spp. (tableaux 5 et 6). En 1973 et 1974.Erwinia carotovora var.carotovora (dans la suiteE. carotovora) a été plus fréquemment isolé de ces insectes qu'Erwinia carotovora var.atroseptica (dans la suiteE. atroseptica) (tableaux 1 et 4) bien que les tubercules constituant à l'origine les tas de déchets étaient certainement plus infestés parE. atroseptica. Le rapport entreE. carotovora etE. atroseptica pour les isolements sur insectes provenant des deux endroits a été 9,5/1 (respectivement 13.5/1 et 5.5/1 pour chacun des tas de déchets) en 1973 et 3,8/1 (2,7/1 et 6,8/1) en 1974.E. atroseptica n'a été isolé que t?t dans l'année (avant le 30 juillet) en 1973 (tableau 1) et 1974 (tableau 4) elle l'a été précocement (avant le 30 juillet) ou tardivement (après le 10 octobre).E. carotovora, par contre, l'a été durant toute la saison pendant les deux années (tableuaux 1 et 4) l'isolement d'E. atroseptica est lié au moment de la capture des insectes, à la présence de tubercules nouvellement pourris lors de la mise en tas. Par contreE. carotovora a été isolé à partir des insectes capturés sur les tas où il n'y avait que du matériel présentant des pourritures plus agées. En 1975, des isolements effectués sur les tas de déchets ont montré qu'E. carotovora etE. atroseptica étaient habituellement présents toute l'année (tableau 7).E. atroseptica était prédominante en début de saison (de janvier à juin). II n'y a eu qu'un seul cas où on l'a observé plus tardivement durant la période d'échantillonage (octobre à décembre).E. carotovora a été le principal organisme isolé de juin à octobre. La prédominance d'E. atroseptica était associée à la présence de tubercules nouvellement entreposés précocement et tardivement durant la période d'échantillonage.E. carotovora semblait subsister plus longuement dans les tubercules pourris et était le principal organisme isolé à partir de matériel altéré le plus agé. Les rapportsE. carotovora surE. atroseptica obtenus à partir des isolements effectués sur insectes ont été plus élévés que ceux trouvés à partir du matériel pourri en provenance des tas. Les auteurs suggèrent que les insectes euxmêmes peuvent exercer une action sélective en faveur d'E. carotovora. Les insectes collectés à partir d'un des tas peuvent transmettre facilementE. carotovora aux pommes de terre se trouvant en serre et dont les tiges sont endommagées. Les auteurs suggèrent que les lots de pommes de terre indemnes de bactéries coliformes grace au procédé de bouturage peuvent être à nouveau recontaminé à partir des tas de déchets de pommes de terre et par l'intermédiaire des insectes.

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