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101.
102.
The preceding paper described inhibition of thiazopyr metabolism in plant seedlings by inhibitors of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, and the lack of inhibition by esterase inhibitors. We now describe greenhouse evaluation of the effects of these metabolic inhibitors on the bioefficacy of thiazopyr. Inhibitors of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), metyrapone (MET) and tetcyclacis (TET), all enhanced the bioefficacy of thiazopyr against pigweed and other plant species. In contrast, inhibitors of esterases, tributyl phosphate (TBP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), produced only slight enhancement of thiazopyr activity. The effect of PBO was dose-dependent and was demonstrated against barnyardgrass, grain sorghum, redroot pigweed, seedling johnsongrass, and giant foxtail. PBO demonstrated no enhancement of thiazopyr activity in velvetleaf, tall morningglory, cotton, or soybeans. Bioefficacy was most enhanced via exposure of seedling shoots to PBO and thiazopyr. The combination of results from the present and the preceding papers suggests that PBO enhances thiazopyr bioefficacy by effectively inhibiting thiazopyr metabolism in plants. 相似文献
103.
CC Kneipp AM Rose J Robson R Malik AT Deutscher AK Wiethoelter SM Mor 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(4):133-141
Brucella suis is an emerging, zoonotic disease predominantly affecting dogs and humans that engage in feral pig hunting in Australia and other countries. Although B. suis infection in dogs shares some clinical similarities to the host-adapted species (B. canis), B. suis remains an incompletely understood pathogen in dogs with limited published data on its pathogenesis and clinical features. This case series describes the presentations, diagnosis, and clinical management of B. suis infection in three dogs: (1) a bitch with dystocia, abortion and mastitis; (2) an entire male dog with septic arthritis and presumptive osteomyelitis; and (3) a castrated male dog with lymphadenitis. Unique features of these cases are reported including the first documented detection of B. suis from milk and isolation from lymph nodes of canine patients, as well as the follow-up of pups born to a B. suis-infected bitch. Consistent with previous reports, all three dogs showed a favourable clinical response to combination antibiotic therapy with rifampicin and doxycycline. Individually tailored drug regimens were required based on the clinical presentation and other factors, including owner expectations and compliance with therapy as well as a zoonotic risk assessment (generally considered low, except around time of whelping). The authors include their recommendations for the clinical management of dogs that are at-risk or seropositive for B. suis with or without clinical signs or laboratory-confirmed infection. 相似文献
104.
105.
J. MAZURKIEWICZ A. PRZYBYŁ G. CZYŻAK‐RUNOWSKA A. ŁYCZYŃSKI 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(4):387-394
The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of inclusion of cold‐pressed rapeseed cake (CPRC) in diets for common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Four isonitrogenous (322 g kg?1 crude protein) and isoenergetic diets (17.5 MJ kg?1) with four levels of CPRC incorporation 0, 110, 220 and 330 g kg?1 (treatments RC0, RC11, RC22 and RC33, respectively) were evaluated in a 50‐day growth test with common carp of 500 g initial weight. Statistically significant higher final weights (1215–1243 g) were obtained in fish fed diets including CPRC. Fish growth rates were nearly identical in all treatments (specific growth rate of 1.7–1.8% day?1). Similar results were obtained in respect of feeding coefficients (FCR) that ranged from 1.6 to 1.8. Crude protein and ash concentration in fish bodies did not change. Statistically significant decreases in moisture content were found in carp in groups RC22 and RC33. Statistically significant increase of crude lipid in fish bodies were found in groups RC22 and RC33. The slaughter traits and meat quality analysis of carp did not show significant differences. We conclude that it is possible to include up to 330 g kg?1 of CPRC in diets of 2‐year‐old common carp without significant effects on growth and food utilization. 相似文献
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107.
History of atmospheric lead deposition since 12,370 (14)C yr BP from a peat bog, jura mountains, switzerland 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
W Shotyk D Weiss PG Appleby AK Cheburkin RFM Gloor JD Kramers S Reese Van Der Knaap WO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5383):1635-1640
A continuous record of atmospheric lead since 12,370 carbon-14 years before the present (14C yr BP) is preserved in a Swiss peat bog. Enhanced fluxes caused by climate changes reached their maxima 10, 590 (14)C yr BP (Younger Dryas) and 8230 (14)C yr BP. Soil erosion caused by forest clearing and agricultural tillage increased lead deposition after 5320 (14)C yr BP. Increasing lead/scandium and decreasing lead-206/lead-207 beginning 3000 (14)C yr BP indicate the beginning of lead pollution from mining and smelting, and anthropogenic sources have dominated lead emissions ever since. The greatest lead flux (15.7 milligrams per square meter per year in A.D. 1979) was 1570 times the natural, background value (0.01 milligram per square meter per year from 8030 to 5320 (14)C yr BP). 相似文献
108.
Suresh Raja Karabi F. Biswas Liaquat Husain Philip K. Hopke 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,208(1-4):43-57
Samples of airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) were collected at a site in Lahore, Pakistan from November 2005 to January 2006. A total of 129 samples were collected using an Andersen Reference Ambient Air Sampler 2.5-400 sampler and analyzed for major ions, trace metals, and organic and elemental carbon concentrations. The data set was then analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) to identify the possible sources of the atmospheric PM collected in this urban area. Six factors reproduced the PM2.5 sample compositions with meaningful physical interpretation of the resolved factors. The sources included secondary PM, diesel emissions, biomass burning, coal combustion, two-stroke vehicle exhaust, and industrial sources. Diesel and two-stroke vehicles contributed about 36%, biomass burning about 15%, and coal combustion sources around 13% of the PM2.5 mass. Nearly two thirds of the PM2.5 mass is carbonaceous material. Secondary particles contributed about 30% of PM2.5 mass. The conditional probability function (CPF) was then used to help identify likely locations of the sources present in this area. CPF analysis point to the east and northeast, which are directions of urban and industrial areas located across the border near Amritsar, India as the most probable source for high PM2.5 concentration from diesel and two-stroke vehicles exhaust in Lahore. Analysis of those days within three different ranges of PM2.5 concentration shows that most of the measured high PM2.5 mass concentrations were driven by diesel and two-stroke vehicle emissions including the associated primary sulfate. The use of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) to find the source locations of regionally transported particles is inapplicable in situations when high PM2.5 concentrations are dominated by local sources and local meteorology. 相似文献
109.
Vignesh AR Dhanasekaran S Raj GD Balachandran C Pazhanivel N Sreekumar C Tirumurugaan KG Raja A Kumanan K 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,147(1-2):51-59
The primary objective of this study was to assess the expression profile and levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNAs in the spleen, lung, mediastinal lymph node (MLN), jejunum, rectum, skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Toda and Murrah buffalos. Spleen and PBMC had increased expression of TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10; lung had increased expression of TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8, MLN TLR mRNA 6, 9, 10 and decrease in TLR 3 and 7 mRNAs in skin. No significant differences were observed in the expression levels of any of the TLR mRNA in jejunum and rectum. Toda buffaloes showed significantly higher expression levels of TLR 9 mRNA in MLN, TLR mRNAs 1, 5, 6, 9 and 10 in skin and TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 7 and 9 in PBMC than Murrah buffaloes living in the vicinity. Toda and Murrah buffaloes were inoculated with TLR5 (flagellin) and TLR9 (CpG ODN) ligands in vivo and expression levels of the respective TLRs analyzed 12h later. Following CpG inoculation, Toda buffaloes had significantly higher levels of TLR 9 mRNA expression but not in Murrah. However, flagellin induction did not increase TLR 5 mRNA expression in both these breeds. Histological sections of the skin were made and infiltrating cell clusters were graded and quantified. Following CpG inoculation, Toda buffaloes showed higher numbers of infiltrating grade 1 and grade 3 cell clusters while Murrah showed lower numbers of infiltrating grade 1 cells as compared to mock-inoculated skin sections. Flagellin treatment revealed no significant differences in infiltrating cell clusters in both the breeds. The results have shown differential expression of TLR mRNAs in various tissues between two divergent buffalo breeds with the highest difference in TLR expression profile seen in the skin, the largest portal of entry of pathogens, of Toda. 相似文献
110.
Babu S. Ramesh Perumal P. Joshi Sonika Manoharan Raja Kalyan Deepika Penuballi Swathi Kalyan R. K. Mahla M. K. Rokadia Pramod Singh Beerendra 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2022,129(6):1491-1496
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), a polyphagous lepidopteran pest that is native to tropical and sub-tropical America has... 相似文献