Trans-vaginal oocyte retrieval and subsequent in vitro production of embryos from a cow involuntarily culled     

Shaw DG  Bowles CM  Raja K  Lishman AW 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》1999,70(3):130-131

A Holstein cow of high genetic merit, in late lactation (205 days) and diagnosed with salpingitis (after 4 infertile services and veterinary consultation), was subjected to 1 trans-vaginal oocyte collection attempt, prior to slaughter. Of an estimated 10 follicles punctured, a total of 4 cumulus-oocyte complexes were retrieved. These were matured in vitro in a maturation medium for 24 hours. After 24 hours maturation, the oocytes were fertilised in vitro with Percoll-processed frozen/thawed imported semen, of the owner's choice. Fertilisation was achieved in a modified Tyrode's medium. At 18 hours post-insemination, the presumptive zygotes were transferred into culture in vitro in Charles Rosenkran's amino-acid medium and supplemented on Day 4 post-insemination with 10% foetal calf serum. All in vitro procedures were conducted in 50 microl medium droplets, under oil, in a humidified incubator at 38.5 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air. Three of the potential zygotes cleaved and, by Day 7 of culture, these had developed to the morula stage. The embryos were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol and later transferred non-surgically to synchronised Holstein recipient heifers. One morula resulted in the only pregnancy and subsequent birth of a healthy heifer calf. An independent commercial company confirmed parentage through standard blood-typing assays. The genetic salvage of oocytes, for in vitro production of embryos, has potential benefits to the producer.  相似文献   

A study on the influence of selected Indian herbal active principles on enhancing the immune system in Fenneropenaeus indicus against Vibrio harveyi infection     

P. Raja Rajeswari  S. Velmurugan  M. Michael Babu  S. Albin Dhas  K. Kesavan  T. Citarasu 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(5):1009-1020

Five herbs such as Acalypha indica, Hygrophila spinosa, Picrorhiza kurooa, Tinospora cordifolia and Zingiber officinale were selected to screen for the in vitro immunostimulant activity against the shrimp pathogen Vibrio harveyi using different organic polar and non-polar solvents. After initial screening, the best extract of the five herbs was mixed thoroughly in equal proportion and made it an artificial immunostimulant diets (ISD) such as ISD-1(500), ISD-2 (1,000), ISD-3 (1,500) and ISD-4 (2,000) mg?kg^?1. The control diet was prepared without adding immunostimulant herbal extracts. The Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus having the weight of 8.0?±?1.0?g, were fed with the above diets for 60?days. After the completion of feeding trail, they were challenged with V. harveyi at the rate of 10⁷CFU/ml and found out the cumulative mortality, growth parameters, haematological and immunological parameters. The weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly (P?<?0.05) increased from the control group to experimental group. The immunostimulant active principles helped to decrease the coagulation time and improved the total haemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis, phenol oxidase (PO) activity, haemagglutinin activity and bacterial clearance.  相似文献   

Earthworm casts as an alternate carrier material for biofertilizers: Assessment of endurance and viability of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Rhizobium leguminosarum     

Kuppuraj Raja Sekar  Natchimuthu Karmegam 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Vermicast was used with lignite in different combinations (0:1, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1 and 1:0) as carrier substrate for biofertilizers (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Rhizobium leguminosarum). The viability count of biofertilizer organisms in stored carrier material was individually carried out once in 15 days for a total period of ten months. More than 1 × 10⁷ g⁻¹ viable cells of A. chroococcum, B. megaterium and R. leguminosarum were observed in 4:1, 5:1, 6:1 and 1:0 combination of carrier materials (vermicast:lignite) at the end of 10th month. In case of lignite carrier material, no viable cells were observed in 10⁷ g⁻¹ at the end of 6th month for A. chroococcum and R. leguminosarum and 5th month for B. megaterium. The correlation of viable cells of the biofertilizers was negative with reference to incubation period. The increase of vermicast proportion in carrier materials showed increase in the survival rate. The results of the present study suggest that the vermicasts can be used as an alternate carrier material for A. chroococcum, B. megaterium and R. leguminosarum.  相似文献   

Protective efficacy of active compounds from Phyllanthus amarus against white spot syndrome virus in freshwater crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous)          下载免费PDF全文

Dinesh Sundaram  Karthikeyan Kesavan  Hemalatha Kumaravel  Roohi Fatima Mohammed  Mekata Tohru  Itami Toshiaki  Sudhakaran Raja 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(7):2061-2067

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Antifeedant activity of quinones from Ventilago madaraspatana.     

G N Krishnakumari  B Bhuvaneswari  I Raja Swapna 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(6):671-675

The insect antifeedant activity of the quinones isolated from Ventilago madaraspatana was investigated by circular leaf disc dual choice bioassay. Amongst the quinones tested, Ventiloquinone A was the most effective antifeedant against Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata and Spodoptera litura.  相似文献   

Tumor slices as a model to evaluate doxorubicin in vitro treatment and expression of trios of genes PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2 in canine mammary gland cancer     

Renata A Sobral  Suzana T Honda  Maria Lucia H Katayama  Helena Brentani  M Mitzi Brentani  Diogo FC Patr?o  Maria Aparecida AK Folgueira 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2008,50(1):27

Background

In women with breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based in doxorubicin, tumor expression of groups of three genes (PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2) have classified them as responsive or resistant. We have investigated whether expression of these trios of genes could predict mammary carcinoma response in dogs and whether tumor slices, which maintain epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, could be used to evaluate drug response in vitro.

Methods

Tumors from 38 dogs were sliced and cultured with or without doxorubicin 1 μM for 24 h. Tumor cells were counted by two observers to establish a percentage variation in cell number, between slices. Based on these results, a reduction in cell number between treated and control samples ≥ 21.7%, arbitrarily classified samples, as drug responsive. Tumor expression of PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and SMYD2, was evaluated by real time PCR. Relative expression results were then transformed to their natural logarithm values, which were spatially disposed according to the expression of trios of genes, comprising PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2. Fisher linear discrimination test was used to generate a separation plane between responsive and non-responsive tumors.

Results

Culture of tumor slices for 24 h was feasible. Nine samples were considered responsive and 29 non-responsive to doxorubicin, considering the pre-established cut-off value of cell number reduction ≥ 21.7%, between doxorubicin treated and control samples. Relative gene expression was evaluated and tumor samples were then spatially distributed according to the expression of the trios of genes: PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2. A separation plane was generated. However, no clear separation between responsive and non-responsive samples could be observed.

Conclusion

Three-dimensional distribution of samples according to the expression of the trios of genes PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2 could not predict doxorubicin in vitro responsiveness. Short term culture of mammary gland cancer slices may be an interesting model to evaluate chemotherapy activity.  相似文献   

Spatial configuration becomes more important with increasing habitat loss: a simulation study of environmentally-transmitted parasites     

Tyler R. Bonnell  Ria R. Ghai  Tony L. Goldberg  Raja Sengupta  Colin A. Chapman 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(8):1259-1272

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Boron Deficiency in Mango (Mangifera indica L.): A Cause Delineation Study in Acidic Soils of Maharashtra, India     

Muthiah Edward Raja  Somanahalli C. Anil Kumar  Sri Y. Raju 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(5):751-754

Boron deficiency is a major production constraint of Mango cv Alphonso in western coast, Maharashtra, India. The soils are sandy-loam, light, acidic in reaction and receive high annual precipitation of above 2,500 mm. The leaf and soil B status was low with an average of 23 and 0.25 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. About 60% of the orchards were found to be deficient in B. The B adsorption study using Langmuir adsorption isotherm revealed that the adsorption capacity of B by these soils was low with an average adsorption maxima (b) of 16.62 μg g⁻¹ and bonding energy constant ( K ) of 0.09 mL μg⁻¹ making soil B susceptible to leaching. The Mango leaf N status was in excess range, which aggravated B deficiency through growth dilution. A significant negative correlation was observed between leaf B and leaf N (statistically significant at 1% level (p=0.01)). The free Al status of the soils was found to be fairly high, and its detrimental effect on root growth was observed which led to inefficient absorption of limited soil B by roots. The climatic conditions of Konkan like high humidity, high temperature and long sunshine hours also favored widespread incidence of B deficiency, low yield and poor quality. The response of Mango cv Alphonso to the B application was found to be more in foliar than in soil application.  相似文献   

Population dynamics of some coccids (Coccoidea: Hemiptera) infesting sandal (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Santalum album</Emphasis> Linn.) in Bangalore,India     

Ramachandran Sundararaj  Raja Muthukrishnan 《林业研究》2011,22(2):259-262

A study was conducted to investigate the population dynamics of four important coccids viz.,Aonidiella orientalis(Newstead),Ceroplastes actiniformis Green,Cardiococcus bivalvata(Green) and Parasaissetia nigra(Nietner) infesting sandal in Bangalore,India.Meteorological data viz.,monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures,morning and evening relative humidity and total rainfall were also collected during the experimental period for statistical analysis to ascertain their influence on the population of coccids.The results show that all the four coccids are infesting sandal throughout the year.Maximum temperature exhibited significantly negative correlation with the population dynamics of A.orientalis,while other weather parameters did not show much influence on its incidence.In case of C.bivalvata,minimum temperature and morning relative humidity exhibited significant positive correlation with its population dynamics while other weather parameters had less significant effect on its population dynamics.For C.actiniformis and P.nigra,none of the weather factors seem to have influence on their incidences.  相似文献   

Host range of Alternaria alternata—a potential fungal biocontrol agents for waterhyacinth in India     

R. Mohan Babu  A. Sajeena  K. Seetharaman  P. Vidhyasekaran  P. Rangasamy  M. Som prakash  A. Senthil Raja  K. R. Biji 《Crop Protection》2002,21(10):321-1085

The host ranges of Alternaria alternata and fungi native to India and pathogen of waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were evaluated using 29 plant species (some with several cultivars tested) representing 18 families of economic and ecological importance. The results showed that only waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes), another common weed in India, was infected by A. alternata. The use of these pathogens in the biological control of waterhyacinth would not be expected to affect plants of economic and ecological importance in India.  相似文献