An iron-regulated ferric reductase associated with the absorption of dietary iron   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

McKie AT  Barrow D  Latunde-Dada GO  Rolfs A  Sager G  Mudaly E  Mudaly M  Richardson C  Barlow D  Bomford A  Peters TJ  Raja KB  Shirali S  Hediger MA  Farzaneh F  Simpson RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5509):1755-1759

The ability of intestinal mucosa to absorb dietary ferric iron is attributed to the presence of a brush-border membrane reductase activity that displays adaptive responses to iron status. We have isolated a complementary DNA, Dcytb (for duodenal cytochrome b), which encoded a putative plasma membrane di-heme protein in mouse duodenal mucosa. Dcytb shared between 45 and 50% similarity to the cytochrome b561 family of plasma membrane reductases, was highly expressed in the brush-border membrane of duodenal enterocytes, and induced ferric reductase activity when expressed in Xenopus oocytes and cultured cells. Duodenal expression levels of Dcytb messenger RNA and protein were regulated by changes in physiological modulators of iron absorption. Thus, Dcytb provides an important element in the iron absorption pathway.  相似文献   

The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans     

Abi-Rached L  Jobin MJ  Kulkarni S  McWhinnie A  Dalva K  Gragert L  Babrzadeh F  Gharizadeh B  Luo M  Plummer FA  Kimani J  Carrington M  Middleton D  Rajalingam R  Beksac M  Marsh SG  Maiers M  Guethlein LA  Tavoularis S  Little AM  Green RE  Norman PJ  Parham P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6052):89-94

Whole genome comparisons identified introgression from archaic to modern humans. Our analysis of highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, vital immune system components subject to strong balancing selection, shows how modern humans acquired the HLA-B*73 allele in west Asia through admixture with archaic humans called Denisovans, a likely sister group to the Neandertals. Virtual genotyping of Denisovan and Neandertal genomes identified archaic HLA haplotypes carrying functionally distinctive alleles that have introgressed into modern Eurasian and Oceanian populations. These alleles, of which several encode unique or strong ligands for natural killer cell receptors, now represent more than half the HLA alleles of modern Eurasians and also appear to have been later introduced into Africans. Thus, adaptive introgression of archaic alleles has significantly shaped modern human immune systems.  相似文献   

The mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma     

Stransky N  Egloff AM  Tward AD  Kostic AD  Cibulskis K  Sivachenko A  Kryukov GV  Lawrence MS  Sougnez C  McKenna A  Shefler E  Ramos AH  Stojanov P  Carter SL  Voet D  Cortés ML  Auclair D  Berger MF  Saksena G  Guiducci C  Onofrio RC  Parkin M  Romkes M  Weissfeld JL  Seethala RR  Wang L  Rangel-Escareño C  Fernandez-Lopez JC  Hidalgo-Miranda A  Melendez-Zajgla J  Winckler W  Ardlie K  Gabriel SB  Meyerson M  Lander ES  Getz G  Golub TR  Garraway LA  Grandis JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1157-1160

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common, morbid, and frequently lethal malignancy. To uncover its mutational spectrum, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from 74 tumor-normal pairs. The majority exhibited a mutational profile consistent with tobacco exposure; human papillomavirus was detectable by sequencing DNA from infected tumors. In addition to identifying previously known HNSCC genes (TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN, PIK3CA, and HRAS), our analysis revealed many genes not previously implicated in this malignancy. At least 30% of cases harbored mutations in genes that regulate squamous differentiation (for example, NOTCH1, IRF6, and TP63), implicating its dysregulation as a major driver of HNSCC carcinogenesis. More generally, the results indicate the ability of large-scale sequencing to reveal fundamental tumorigenic mechanisms.  相似文献   

Cotton responses to ultraviolet-B radiation: experimentation and algorithm development     

K. Raja Reddy  V. G. Kakani  D. Zhao  A. R. Mohammed  Wei Gao 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2003,120(1-4):249

The potential impact of an increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation due to human activity on higher plants has been the subject of many studies. Little work has been carried out so far on cotton responses to enhanced UV-B radiation. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not the current and projected increases in UV-B levels affect cotton growth and development, and to quantify and develop UV-B radiation functional algorithms that can be used in simulation models. Two experiments were conducted during the summer of 2001 using sunlit plant growth chambers in a wide range of UV-B radiations under optimal growing conditions. Leaves exposed to UV-B radiation developed chlorotic and necrotic patches depending on the intensity and length of exposure. Along with changes in visible morphology, cotton canopy photosynthesis declined with increased UV-B radiation. The decline in canopy photosynthesis was partly due to loss of photosynthetic pigments and UV-B-induced decay of leaf-level photosynthetic efficiency (maximum photosynthesis) and capacity (quantum yield) as the leaves aged. The total leaf area was less due to smaller leaves and fewer leaves per plant. Less plant height was closely related to a shorter average internode length rather than a fewer mainstem nodes. The UV-B did not affect cotton major developmental events such as time taken to square, time to flower, and leaf addition rates on the mainstem. Lower biomass was closely related to both smaller leaf area and lower photosynthesis. The critical limit, defined as 90% of optimum or the control, for stem elongation was lower (8.7 kJ m⁻² per day UV-B) than the critical limit for leaf expansion (11.2 kJ m⁻² per day UV-B), indicating that stem elongation was more sensitive to UV-B than leaf expansion. The critical limits for canopy photosynthesis and total dry weight were 7 and 7.3 kJ m⁻² per day, respectively. The identified UV-B-specific indices for stem and leaf growth and photosynthesis parameters may be incorporated into cotton simulation models such as GOSSYM to predict yields under present and future climatic conditions.  相似文献   

Genotype and hormonal effects on callus formation and regeneration in mulberry     

B. N. Susheelamma  K. Raja Shekar  A. Sarkar  M. R. Rao  R. K. Datta 《Euphytica》1996,90(1):25-29

Summary Twenty-five mulberry genotypes were studied for callus induction, to evaluate the effectiveness of hormones in promoting callus growth and to identify genotypes capable of regenerating plants. Fifteen genotypes showed callus initiation. Genotypic variation was also noted for longevity and rate of growth of callus cultures. Calli of different genotypes were maintained for more than one year. Frequency of callus initiation was high on Murashige & Skoog's modified medium incorporated with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D, 100 mg/l casein acid hydrolysate and 150 ml/l coconut water. Regeneration through organogenesis was achieved in six genotypes indicating genotypic specificity.  相似文献   

Anti-viral activity of methyl 1-chloro-7-methyl-2-propyl-1h-benzo[d] imidazole-5-carboxylate against white spot syndrome virus in freshwater crab (Paratelphusa hydrodromous)     

Karthikeyan  K.  Kumar  A. T. Manish  Harshini  D.  Pooja  G.  Daniel  J. Arul  Yasam  Pavani  Gracevictoria  G.  Priayanka  M.  Krishnaraj  P.  Vidya  R.  Devi  S. Asha  Reddy  Sabbasani Rajasekhara  Sudhakaran  Raja 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(2):989-998

Shrimp farming industries are subjected to severe economic loss due to a disease called white spot syndrome, a viral disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in penaeid shrimp. Numerous active compounds in the market possess anti-viral activity against the white spot syndrome virus, yet the issue remains unsolved. The present study was carried out to determine the anti-viral activity of methyl 1-chloro-7-methyl-2-propyl-1h-benzo[d] imidazole-5-carboxylate (C₁₃H₁₅N₂O₂Cl) against WSSV. The anti-viral activity of the synthetic compound was determined in freshwater crabs. Crabs were divided into three different experimental groups: healthy control groups (N.C.) received NTE buffer, positive control group (P.C.) crabs received WSSV, and treatment group crabs received WSSV along with synthetic weight compound. Experimental groups were observed for 30 days post-infection. Three different organs (gills, muscles, and head soft tissue (HST)) were dissected from all three groups and analyzed using molecular-based techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and histopathology. Clinical signs of WSSV were observed in the positive and N.C. groups; however, the treatment group showed a 100% survival rate. Confirmation was done using PCR, Western blot, and histopathology. These results demonstrated that the given synthetic compound has significant anti-viral activity against WSSV.

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Micronutrients (Fe,Mn, Zn and Cu) balance under long-term application of fertilizer and manure in a tropical rice-rice system     

Mohammad Shahid  Arvind Kumar Shukla  Pratap Bhattacharyya  Rahul Tripathi  Sangita Mohanty  Anjani Kumar  Banwari Lal  Priyanka Gautam  Rajagounder Raja  Bipin Bihari Panda  Brundaban Das  Amaresh Kumar Nayak 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(3):737-747

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Sequence analysis of Toll-like receptor genes 1-10 of goat (Capra hircus)     

Raja A  Vignesh AR  Mary BA  Tirumurugaan KG  Raj GD  Kataria R  Mishra BP  Kumanan K 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(3-4):252-258

This study involved cloning and sequencing of the coding regions of all 10 Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes of goat. Goat TLR 1-10 gene sequences revealed a high degree of nucleotide identity with sheep and cattle sequences (>90%) and 75-85% with pig, mouse and human sequences. At the amino acid level, 85-99% similarity was observed with sheep and cattle and 60-85% with pig, mouse and human. TLR9c DNA of goat showed the highest amino acid identity to that of sheep (99%) while TLR8 cDNA showed the lowest identity of 88.7% to that of sheep. Variations were seen in the number of leucine rich repeats (LRRs) of goat TLRs as compared to other ruminant species with maximum differences in the TLR3 gene. Phylogenetic analysis through molecular evolution and genetic analysis (MEGA) software and multi dimensional scaling revealed a high degree of conservation of goat TLRs with those from other species. However when the TIR domain of all the TLRs were compared, goat TLR7 TIR alone showed a high divergence of 19.3 as compared to sheep sequences. This is the first report of the full-length cDNA sequences of all the 10 TLR genes of goats which would be a useful tool for the study of evolutionary lineages and for phylogenetic analysis.  相似文献   

Semi-automated slaughtering and dressing of cattle     

AK Sutherland 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(2):57-57

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Poor maternal nutrition inhibits muscle development in ovine offspring     

Sarah A Reed  Joseline S Raja  Maria L Hoffman  Steven A Zinn  Kristen E Govoni 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,(1):79-89

Background:Maternal over and restricted nutrition has negative consequences on the muscle of offspring by reducing muscle fiber number and altering regulators of muscle growth.To determine if over and restricted maternal nutrition affected muscle growth and gene and protein expression in offspring,36 pregnant ewes were fed 60%,100%or 140%of National Research Council requirements from d 31 ± 1.3 of gestation until parturition.Lambs from control-fed(CON),restricted-fed(RES) or over-fed(OVER) ewes were necropsied within 1 d of birth(n = 18) or maintained on a control diet for 3 mo(n = 15).Semitendinosus muscle was collected for immunohistochemistry,and protein and gene expression analysis.Results:Compared with CON,muscle fiber cross-sectional area(CSA) increased in RES(58%) and OVER(47%)lambs at 1 d of age(P 0.01);however at 3 mo,CSA decreased 15%and 17%compared with CON,respectively(P 0.01).Compared with CON,muscle lipid content was increased in OVER(212.4%) and RES(92.5%) at d 1(P 0.0001).Muscle lipid content was increased 36.1%in OVER and decreased 23.6%in RES compared with CON at 3mo(P 0.0001).At d 1,myostatin mRNA abundance in whole muscle tended to be greater in OVER(P = 0.07) than CON.Follistatin mRNA abundance increased in OVER(P = 0.04) and tended to increase in RES(P = 0.06) compared with CON at d 1.However,there was no difference in myostatin or follistatin protein expression(P 0.3).Phosphorylated Akt(ser473) was increased in RES at 3 mo compared with CON(P = 0.006).Conclusions:In conclusion,maternal over and restricted nutrient intake alters muscle lipid content and growth of offspring,possibly through altered gene and protein expression.  相似文献