Susceptibility of betanodavirus in a newly established vertebra-derived cell line from Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)     

Jyotsna  Parameswaran Vijayakumar  Ravi Mani  Sudhakaran Raja  Tharmathass Stalin Dhas 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(2):263-273

In the present study, a new cell line from the vertebra of mosquitofish Gambusia affinis was successfully established and characterized. The cell line is named as bone Gambusia affinis (BGA) and subcultured for more than 55 passages in Leibovitz's/L15 medium supplemented with 15% FBS at 28°C. The cell line has a modal chromosome number of 48. Molecular characterization of the partial sequence of the coi gene confirmed the origin of the BGA cell line from mosquitofish. These cells exhibited epithelial morphology confirmed by the cytokeratin marker. The BGA cells showed mineralization of their extracellular matrix when stained with alizarin red and von Kossa stain. BGA cells were found to be susceptible to RGNNV and SJNNV strains of betanodavirus (NNV) showing cytopathic effect with multiple vacuolations in the cells. The RT-PCR confirmed the betanodavirus infections in BGA cells. The SEM micrograph showed the morphological changes observed in the cell during virus infection. The in vivo challenge experiment also showed the viral replicating efficiency in the Gambusia affinis with increasing viral titre. Thus, our present results show that the BGA cell line is a useful tool for isolating betanodavirus and could be used to investigate bone cell differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization.  相似文献   

Modulation of diversity by grazing and mowing in native tallgrass prairie   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

SL Collins  AK Knapp  JMB riggs  JM Blair  EM Steinauer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5364):745-747

Species diversity has declined in ecosystems worldwide as a result of habitat fragmentation, eutrophication, and land-use change. If such decline is to be halted ecological mechanisms that restore or maintain biodiversity are needed. Two long-term field experiments were performed in native grassland to assess the effects of fire, nitrogen addition, and grazing or mowing on plant species diversity. In one experiment, richness declined on burned and fertilized treatments, whereas mowing maintained diversity under these conditions. In the second experiment, loss of species diversity due to frequent burning was reversed by bison, a keystone herbivore in North American grasslands. Thus, mowing or the reestablishment of grazing in anthropogenically stressed grasslands enhanced biodiversity.  相似文献   

Development,characterization, conservation and storage of fish cell lines: a review   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. S. Lakra  T. Raja Swaminathan  K. P. Joy 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(1):1-20

Cell lines provide an important biological tool for carrying out investigations into physiology, virology, toxicology, carcinogenesis and transgenics. Teleost fish cell lines have been developed from a broad range of tissues such as ovary, fin, swim bladder, heart, spleen, liver, eye muscle, vertebrae, brain, skin. One hundred and twenty-four new fish cell lines from different fish species ranging from grouper to eel have been reported since the last review by Fryer and Lannan (J Tissue Culture Methods 16: 87–94, 1994). Among the cell lines listed, more than 60% were established from species from Asia, which contributes more than 80% of total fish production. This includes 59 cell lines from 19 freshwater, 54 from 22 marine and 11 from 3 brackish water fishes. Presently, about 283 cell lines have been established from finfish around the world. In addition to the listing and a scientific update on new cell lines, the importance of authentication, applications, cross-contamination and implications of overpassaged cell lines has also been discussed in this comprehensive review. The authors feel that the review will serve an updated database for beginners and established researchers in the field of fish cell line research and development.  相似文献   

Early History of The Max Henry Memorial Library     

AK Sutherland 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(8):315-315

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Cold Plasma: A Potential Alternative for Rice Grain Postharvest Treatment Management in Malaysia     

Mohd Fadthul Ikmal Misnal  Norizah Redzuan  Muhamad Nor Firdaus Zainal  Norhayati Ahmad  Raja Kamarulzaman Raja Ibrahim  Linda Agun 《水稻科学》2022,29(1):1-15

Use of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers is among the techniques to control insect pests and fungal pathogens. However, the technique is the major contributor to severe environmental implications in terms of air, water and soil pollution. Besides, variable inconsistency becomes an important issue in the implementation of inclined bed dryers, leading to significant rice grain loss. Cold plasma technology has been widely proposed as a potential alternative for rice grain postharvest treatment management due to the presence of generated ionised gas that eventually produces reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species. These species are used to decontaminate foodborne pathogens, mycotoxins and bacterial diseases. This review explores the current literature regarding cold plasma treatment technology, focusing on its efficiency as the microbial decontamination medium and insect pest mortality medium, and on the enhancement functional, nutritional and cooking properties, especially in rice grains. Previous studies have successfully demonstrated the ability of cold plasma treatment to significantly reduce the microbial count of foodborne pathogens, detoxify mycotoxins, and control seedborne rice seedling bacterial diseases. Previous studies have also proved that the implementation of cold plasma technology in postharvest management should be seriously considered for improving rice grain quantity and quality in Malaysia.  相似文献   

Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, and hyperspectral reflectance properties of sorghum   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Duli Zhao  K. Raja Reddy  Vijaya Gopal Kakani  V.R. Reddy 《European Journal of Agronomy》2005,22(4):391-403

An experiment was conducted under outdoor pot-culture conditions to determine effects of nitrogen (N) deficiency on sorghum growth, physiology, and leaf hyperspectral reflectance properties. Sorghum (cv. DK 44C) was seeded in 360 twelve-litre pots filled with fine sand. All pots were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution from emergence to 25 days after sowing (DAS). Thereafter, pots were separated into three identical groups and the following treatments were initiated: (1) the control (100% N) continued receiving the half-strength nutrient solution; (2) reduced N to 20% of the control (20% N); and (3) withheld N from the solution (0% N). Photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl) and N concentrations, and hyperspectral reflectance of the uppermost, fully expanded leaves were determined at 3- to 4-day-interval from 21 to 58 DAS during the N treatments. Plants were harvested 58 DAS to determine effects of N deficiency on leaf area (LA), biomass accumulation, and partitioning. Nitrogen deficiency significantly reduced LA, leaf Chl content and Pn, resulting in lower biomass production. Decreased leaf Pn due to N deficiency was mainly associated with lower stomatal conductance rather than carboxylation capacity of leaf chemistry. Among plant components of dry weights, leaf dry weight had the greatest and root dry weight had the smallest decrease under N deficiency. Nitrogen-deficit stress mainly increased leaf reflectance at 555 (R₅₅₅) and 715 nm (R₇₁₅) and caused a red-edge shift to shorter wavelength. Leaf N and Chl concentrations were linearly correlated with not only the reflectance ratios of R₄₀₅/R₇₁₅ (r² = 0.68^***) and R₁₀₇₅/R₇₃₅ (r² = 0.64^***), respectively, but also the first derivatives of the reflectance (dR/dλ) in red edge centered 730 or 740 nm (r² = 0.73–0.82^***). These specific reflectance ratios or dR/dλ may be used for rapid and non-destructive estimation of sorghum leaf Chl and plant N status.  相似文献   

A cluster of metabolic defects caused by mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA     

Wilson FH  Hariri A  Farhi A  Zhao H  Petersen KF  Toka HR  Nelson-Williams C  Raja KM  Kashgarian M  Shulman GI  Scheinman SJ  Lifton RP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5699):1190-1194

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are risk factors for atherosclerosis and occur together more often than expected by chance. Although this clustering suggests shared causation, unifying factors remain unknown. We describe a large kindred with a syndrome including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypomagnesemia. Each phenotype is transmitted on the maternal lineage with a pattern indicating mitochondrial inheritance. Analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the maternal lineage identified a homoplasmic mutation substituting cytidine for uridine immediately 5' to the mitochondrial transfer RNA(Ile) anticodon. Uridine at this position is nearly invariate among transfer RNAs because of its role in stabilizing the anticodon loop. Given the known loss of mitochondrial function with aging, these findings may have implications for the common clustering of these metabolic disorders.  相似文献   

Knowledge,attitudes and management of bovine viral diarrhoea virus among eastern Australian cattle producers: results from a 2013 cross-sectional study     

R Long  MB Allworth  AK Smith  L Hayes  M Hernandez-Jover 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(9):429-437

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an economically significant disease affecting the Australian cattle industry, with losses stemming from decreased production and reproductive performance and control costs. However, these losses can be difficult to appreciate, particularly in endemic regions. Overall, there is a variable but high herd-level seroprevalence in Australia. Despite a potentially high financial burden of the disease, the onus for control ultimately falls on producers and strategies employed will vary between regions. A cross-sectional study, using a postal survey, was conducted in 2013 to evaluate the BVDV knowledge, attitudes and management practices utilised by Australian cattle producers. A total of 192 producers participated in the study, and results indicate that knowledge and attitudes towards disease risk are variable and can be improved. Producer knowledge of how persistently infected (PI) animals are produced was higher than that of disease outcomes or transmission pathways. Implementation of biosecurity practices was limited, with approximately half of respondents employing quarantine procedures for introduced stock and only 2% indicating they would antigen test introduced stock for BVDV. Approximately a third (36%) of producers reported engaging in BVDV control, with the majority of these using vaccination strategies over deliberate exposure to a PI. Knowledge of and engagement with BVDV control was positively influenced by the producer relationships with veterinarians. Findings from this study suggest that building on education and delivering a consistent message among stakeholders would likely improve producer awareness and understanding in relation to BVDV and support decision making in BVDV management.  相似文献   

Cardiac myosin activation: a potential therapeutic approach for systolic heart failure     

Malik FI  Hartman JJ  Elias KA  Morgan BP  Rodriguez H  Brejc K  Anderson RL  Sueoka SH  Lee KH  Finer JT  Sakowicz R  Baliga R  Cox DR  Garard M  Godinez G  Kawas R  Kraynack E  Lenzi D  Lu PP  Muci A  Niu C  Qian X  Pierce DW  Pokrovskii M  Suehiro I  Sylvester S  Tochimoto T  Valdez C  Wang W  Katori T  Kass DA  Shen YT  Vatner SF  Morgans DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6023):1439-1443

Decreased cardiac contractility is a central feature of systolic heart failure. Existing drugs increase cardiac contractility indirectly through signaling cascades but are limited by their mechanism-related adverse effects. To avoid these limitations, we previously developed omecamtiv mecarbil, a small-molecule, direct activator of cardiac myosin. Here, we show that it binds to the myosin catalytic domain and operates by an allosteric mechanism to increase the transition rate of myosin into the strongly actin-bound force-generating state. Paradoxically, it inhibits adenosine 5'-triphosphate turnover in the absence of actin, which suggests that it stabilizes an actin-bound conformation of myosin. In animal models, omecamtiv mecarbil increases cardiac function by increasing the duration of ejection without changing the rates of contraction. Cardiac myosin activation may provide a new therapeutic approach for systolic heart failure.  相似文献   

Improving Lettuce Yield and Quality of an Agricultural Soil Using a Combination of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Phosphate-Green Wastes Compost     

Anli  Mohamed  Boutasknit  Abderrahim  Ait-El-Mokhtar  Mohamed  Ben-Laouane  Raja  Ait-Rahou  Youssef  Fakhech  Abdessamad  Meddich  Abdelilah 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2022,74(1):205-217

The use of biofertilizers on agricultural soils could act positively to improve soil fertility and crop productivity. This work was performed to assess the potential beneficial impacts of local produced phospho-compost and/or an exogenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) (Rhizoglomus irregulare DAOM 197198) on lettuce agro-physiological and soil characteristics under filed conditions. Four treatments were applied: control treatment without any biofertilizer, compost, AMF, and compost?+?AMF treatments. Obtained results showed that shoot nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were significantly improved in lettuce plants treated with compost supplementation and/or AMF inoculation compared to the control with a maximum increment for P in plants treated with compost (106%). As for growth traits, lettuce plants treated with compost?+?AMF recorded the highest values in terms of shoot and root dry weights and yield by 121, 54 and 127%, respectively, compared to the control plants. Considering physiological and biochemical traits, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll fluorescence as well leaf area index and total soluble sugar and protein concentration were significantly improved in plants treated with compost and/or AMF compared to the control. In addition, soil properties, especially the soil total organic carbon, N, P, and glomalin-related soil protein content were significantly enhanced after two months of field experiment in treated soils with the applied biofertilizers alone or in combination compared to the control. Based on the main obtained results, applied biofertilizers were able to increase lettuce productivity and soil fertility under field conditions, especially the compost?+?AMF treatment, which demonstrated an effectiveness promotion of lettuce productivity and soil fertility.

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