Growth of Streptococcus uberis in skim milk obtained from Holstein and Jersey dairy cows during different stages of lactation     

Rambeaud M  Almeida RA  Oliver SP 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(3):143-145

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Signal recognition particle receptor exposes the ribosomal translocon binding site     

Halic M  Gartmann M  Schlenker O  Mielke T  Pool MR  Sinning I  Beckmann R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5774):745-747

Signal sequences of secretory and membrane proteins are recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP) as they emerge from the ribosome. This results in their targeting to the membrane by docking with the SRP receptor, which facilitates transfer of the ribosome to the translocon. Here, we present the 8 angstrom cryo-electron microscopy structure of a "docking complex" consisting of a SRP-bound 80S ribosome and the SRP receptor. Interaction of the SRP receptor with both SRP and the ribosome rearranged the S domain of SRP such that a ribosomal binding site for the translocon, the L23e/L35 site, became exposed, whereas Alu domain-mediated elongation arrest persisted.  相似文献   

Drenching adult ewes: implications of anthelmintic treatments pre- and post-lambing on the development of anthelmintic resistance     

Leathwick DM  Miller CM  Atkinson DS  Haack NA  Alexander RA  Oliver AM  Waghorn TS  Potter JF  Sutherland IA 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2006,54(6):297-304

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An evaluation of the metaphylactic effect of ceftiofur crystalline free Acid in feedlot calves     

Booker CW  Schunicht OC  Guichon PT  Jim GK  Wildman BK  Pittman TJ  Perrett T 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2006,7(3):257-274

The relative effect of metaphylactic ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) versus metaphylactic tilmicosin was evaluated in beef calves under commercial feedlot conditions in Nebraska. At feedlot arrival, 11,605 animals at ultrahigh risk of developing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) were allocated to one of three experimental groups: CCFA-3 (6.6 mg/kg SC), CCFA-7 (6.6 mg/kg), or TILM-3 (tilmicosin, 10 mg/kg SC). Animals were eligible for subsequent BRD treatment 3 (CCFA-3 and TILM-3 groups) or 7 (CCFA-7 group) days later. Compared with the TILM-3 group, overall chronicity, overall mortality, BRD mortality, and metabolic mortality rates were significantly (P < .05) lower in the CCFA-3 and CCFA-7 groups; average daily gain was significantly (P < .05) higher in the CCFA-3 group; the proportion of quality grade No Roll carcasses was significantly (P < .05) lower in the CCFA-3 and CCFA-7 groups; and there were per-animal advantages of 22.05 dollars and 18.98 dollars in the CCFA-3 and CCFA-7 groups, respectively. In beef calves at ultrahigh risk of developing BRD, it is more cost effective to administer metaphylactic CCFA than tilmicosin at feedlot arrival.  相似文献   

BKCa-Cav channel complexes mediate rapid and localized Ca2+-activated K+ signaling     

Berkefeld H  Sailer CA  Bildl W  Rohde V  Thumfart JO  Eble S  Klugbauer N  Reisinger E  Bischofberger J  Oliver D  Knaus HG  Schulte U  Fakler B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5799):615-620

Large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels (BKCa) are dually activated by membrane depolarization and elevation of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+). Under normal cellular conditions, BKCa channel activation requires Ca2+ concentrations that typically occur in close proximity to Ca2+ sources. We show that BKCa channels affinity-purified from rat brain are assembled into macromolecular complexes with the voltage-gated calcium channels Cav1.2 (L-type), Cav2.1 (P/Q-type), and Cav2.2 (N-type). Heterologously expressed BKCa-Cav complexes reconstitute a functional "Ca2+ nanodomain" where Ca2+ influx through the Cav channel activates BKCa in the physiological voltage range with submillisecond kinetics. Complex formation with distinct Cav channels enables BKCa-mediated membrane hyperpolarization that controls neuronal firing pattern and release of hormones and transmitters in the central nervous system.  相似文献   

Immunology. When less signaling is more     

Bannard OM  Cyster JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6085):1120-1121

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Granulated lysozyme as an alternative to antibiotics improves growth performance and small intestinal morphology of 10-day-old pigs     

May KD  Wells JE  Maxwell CV  Oliver WT 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(4):1118-1125

Lysozyme is a 1,4-β-N-acetylmuramidase that has antimicrobial properties. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of a purified granulated lysozyme, compared with antibiotics, on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and Campylobacter shedding in 10-d-old pigs. Forty-eight pigs (n = 16 per treatment), with an initial BW of 4.0 ± 0.1 kg (P > 0.40), were weaned at 10 d of age, blocked by litter and sex, and assigned to pens (8 pigs/pen). Each block was randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 liquid dietary treatments for 14 d: a control diet, the control diet + lysozyme (100 mg/kg of diet), or the control diet + antibiotics (neomycin and oxytetracycline, 16 mg/kg of diet). Pigs were weighed and blood was sampled on d 0, 7, and 14. Blood was analyzed for plasma urea N and IgA. After 14 d of treatment, pigs were killed and samples of the jejunum and ileum were collected and fixed to measure villus height and crypt depth. Rectal swabs were taken on d 0, 7, and 14 of treatment, and samples of ileal and cecal contents were taken at d 14 of treatment to determine the presence of Campylobacter. Pigs consuming lysozyme and antibiotics gained BW at a faster rate than did control pigs over the course of the study (402 ± 12 and 422 ± 14 g/d, respectively, vs. 364 ± 14 g/d; P < 0.02), resulting in heavier ending BW (9.9 ± 0.3, 9.9 ± 0.3, and 9.0 ± 0.2 kg for pigs in the lysozyme, antibiotic, and control groups, respectively; P < 0.03). Immunoglobulin A decreased and plasma urea N increased over the course of the study (P < 0.1), regardless of dietary treatment (P > 0.6). Crypt depth was increased in pigs fed lysozyme- and antibiotic-treated diets, compared with pigs fed the control diet, in both the jejunum (60.0 ± 2.8 and 62.2 ± 3.0 μm, respectively, vs. 50.7 ± 3.1 μm; P < 0.03) and ileum (76.0 ± 7.5 and 72.2 ± 5.0 μm, respectively, vs. 52.4 ± 3.5 μm; P < 0.02). Villus height did not differ in the jejunum (P > 0.2) but was increased in the ileum of pigs consuming the lysozyme- and antibiotic-treated diets, compared with pigs fed the control diet (312 ± 20 and 314 ± 10 μm, respectively, vs. 263 ± 15 μm; P < 0.4). Small intestinal total mucosa and mucosal protein concentrations, as well as disaccharidase-specific activities, were not altered by lysozyme or antibiotics (P > 0.05). Campylobacter was detected in 27% of control samples but in only 5% of samples from pigs fed antibiotics and 8% of samples from pigs fed lysozyme (P < 0.01). Thus, granulated lysozyme is a suitable alternative to antibiotics for 10-d-old pigs consuming manufactured liquid diets.  相似文献   

Solar-powered Bamboo Culm Prefabricated Housing     

FRITH Oliver B 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2012,(Z1):20-28

The solar-powered hybrid energy system has been put into practice in Hunan bamboo culm prefabricated housing and was enrolled in this study.In this paper,the experimental data which was taken from a demonstration house highlighted that this system has a high potential for integrated solar energy utilization.The average thermal efficiency of the collector was 58.68%,and the thermal conductivity coefficient of bamboo culm prefabricated composite wall was 1.075 W/(m2 K).Based on these results,bamboo culms could be used as the main structural material and heat storage slow-release flooring in the prefabricated housing.The housing was lower in energy consuming.  相似文献   

Characterization of In Vitro Synthesized Equine Metabolites of the Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators S24 and S4     

Oliver Krug  Andreas Thomas  Simon Beuck  Ina Schenk  Marc Machnik  Wilhelm Schänzer  Ulf Bondesson  Mikael Hedeland  Mario Thevis 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Several selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have been synthesized and investigated in humans, rats, and dogs in the past, but no data are yet available concerning the metabolism of SARMs in horses. The aryl-propionamide-derived drug candidates S24 and S4 (andarine) have a strong androgen receptor binding affinity and show distinctive specific cell answers. Although no SARM drug candidate (aiming for testosterone replacement therapy) has completed clinical trials yet, S4 has been illicitly available via the Internet. These facts led to the prohibition of SARMs by the German equestrian federation, and the (mis)use of such compounds would further represent a doping rule violation in horse racing. In this study, the drug candidates S24 and S4 were subjected to in vitro metabolism experiments with equine liver microsomal preparations from a female Quarter Horse to obtain information about potential target analytes in equine doping control analysis. The enzymatically synthesized metabolites were characterized by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and –high-resolution/high-accuracy mass spectrometry. All observed S24 and S4 equine metabolites are in agreement with earlier in vitro and in vivo studies in humans and dogs. Nevertheless, the relative percentage of generated equine metabolites (as determined from the analytes’ response in full-scan chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and –high-resolution/high-accuracy mass spectrometry measurements) differs considerably from the reported profiles. Although the S24 metabolite pattern is comparably balanced concerning glucuronidated and sulfonated conjugates, the major S4 metabolite was found to be the unconjugated dephenylated compound, with a proportion of more than 90%.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial Resistance of Mastitis Pathogens   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stephen P. Oliver  Shelton E. Murinda 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2012

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