Hematological and coagulation profiles in dogs experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866).     

Marcia C Cury  W S Lima  M P Guimar?es  M G Carvalho 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,104(2):139-149

Hematological and coagulation profiles were studied in crossbred dogs experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum. Two groups of five dogs were experimentally inoculated with 50 and 100 third stage infective larvae (L(3)) of A. vasorum per kilogram of body weight. A third group of five uninfected animals was used as control. One sample of 10 ml of blood was collected from each animal on the 10, 20, 30, and 45 days after inoculation (dai) and at 30-day intervals thereafter for the remainder of the 210-day experimental period. The blood sample was used for the complete hemogram and platelet count, as well as measurements of prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and factors V and VIII. Anemia was observed in infected dogs, 6 weeks after the infection. The eosinophils presented peaks in four periods after infection. Thrombocytopenia became accentuated on the 72 dai. Decreased prothrombin time activity and increased partial thromboplastin time were observed at the 6 and 9 weeks after infection and decreased of factors VIII and V activities occurred from 4 to 6 weeks after infection. It may be conclude that infection by A. vasorum in dogs may cause a discrete anemia during the acute phase which is probably regenerative. In addition, important hemostatic alterations due to the infection suggest a chronic intravascular consumption coagulopathy.  相似文献   

Determination of melamine content in amino resins by near-infrared spectroscopy     

Ana Henriques  Paulo Cruz  João M. Ferra  Jorge Martins  Fernão D. Magalhães  Luísa H. Carvalho 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(5):939-948

Melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin production has increased in the last years due to low formaldehyde emissions and improved moisture resistance when applied on wood-based panels. Melamine is a relatively high-cost raw material in the resin formulation and has a significant effect on wood-based panel properties. It is important for industry to implement efficient quality control methods to determine melamine content in resins. The main objective of this work was to develop chemometric techniques for off-line monitoring of melamine content using near-infrared spectroscopy. The use of interval partial least squares regression allowed identifying the most interesting spectral ranges for analysis (4,400–4,800 and 5,200–5,600 cm^?1) and the best preprocessing methods to use in the determination of this property. When the appropriate spectral range and preprocessing methods are selected, it is possible to obtain calibration models with high correlation coefficients.  相似文献   

Performance, growth, and maturity of Nellore bulls     

Luiz Fernando Costa e Silva  Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho  Edenio Detmann  Polyana Pizzi Rotta  Diego Zanetti  Faider Alberto Castaño Villadiego  Samantha Gusmão Pellizzoni  Rafael Moura Guimarães Pereira 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(3):795-803

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), microbial efficiency, empty body weight (EBW) gain, and body composition of Nellore bulls. Additionally, Nellore bull maturity was estimated, and the prediction equation for DMI, suggested by the Brazilian nutrient requirements system (BR CORTE; Azevêdo et al. 2010), was evaluated. Thirty-three Nellore bulls, with a mean initial weight of 259?±?25 kg and age of 14?±?1 months, were used in this study. Five animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (control group), and the remaining 28 were divided into 4 groups, each slaughtered at 42-day intervals. Their diet was composed of corn silage and concentrate (55:45). The power model was used to estimate muscle tissue, bone tissue, crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), and water present in the empty body, while the exponential model was used to estimate adipose tissue and ether extract (EE) present in the empty body. When expressed in kilograms per day, differences were observed (P?<?0.05) only for the intake of EE and neutral detergent fiber as a function of feedlot time periods. Although there was a difference in relation to nutrient intake, it did not affect (P?>?0.05) digestibility, with the exception of EE digestibility. The equation suggested by BR CORTE correctly estimates the DMI of Nellore bulls. ADG was not affected (P?>?0.05) by time spent in the feedlot. No differences were observed (P?>?0.05) for microbial efficiency; a mean value of 142 g microbial crude protein/kg total digestible nutrients was achieved. The muscle and bone tissues, CP, MM, and water present in the empty body increased as the animal grew, although at a lower rate. The adipose tissue and EE present in the empty body increased their deposition rate when the animal reached its mature weight. Maturity is defined as when an animal reaches 22 % EE in the empty body, which corresponds to 456 kg of EBW in Nellore bulls. Therefore, this study can conclude that the feedlot time period does not affect DMI, nutrient intake, ADG, or microbial efficiency. The equation proposed by BR CORTE (Azevêdo et al. 2010) correctly estimates the DMI of Nellore bulls, which reach maturity when an EBW of 456 kg is attained.  相似文献   

Divergence between hepatic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mRNA expression and IGF-I serum levels in Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi-infected dogs     

Flaviane A. Pinho  Nilton A. Magalhães  Kleverton R. Silva  Aline A. Carvalho  Fernando L.L. Oliveira  Eduardo M. Ramos-Sanchez  Hiro Goto  Francisco A.L. Costa 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2013,151(1-2):163-167

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Anti HSV-1 Activity of Halistanol Sulfate and Halistanol Sulfate C Isolated from Brazilian Marine Sponge Petromica citrina (Demospongiae)     

Tatiana da Rosa Guimar?es  Carlos Guillermo Quiroz  Caroline Rigotto  Simone Quintana de Oliveira  Maria Tereza Rojo de Almeida  éverson Miguel Bianco  Maria Izabel Goulart Moritz  Jo?o Luís Carraro  Jorge Alejandro Palermo  Gabriela Cabrera  Eloir Paulo Schenkel  Flávio Henrique Reginatto  Cláudia Maria Oliveira Sim?es 《Marine drugs》2013,11(11):4176-4192

The n-butanol fraction (BF) obtained from the crude extract of the marine sponge Petromica citrina, the halistanol-enriched fraction (TSH fraction), and the isolated compounds halistanol sulfate (1) and halistanol sulfate C (2), were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the replication of the Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, KOS strain) by the viral plaque number reduction assay. The TSH fraction was the most effective against HSV-1 replication (SI = 15.33), whereas compounds 1 (SI = 2.46) and 2 (SI = 1.95) were less active. The most active fraction and these compounds were also assayed to determine the viral multiplication step(s) upon which they act as well as their potential synergistic effects. The anti-HSV-1 activity detected was mediated by the inhibition of virus attachment and by the penetration into Vero cells, the virucidal effect on virus particles, and by the impairment in levels of ICP27 and gD proteins of HSV-1. In summary, these results suggest that the anti-HSV-1 activity of TSH fraction detected is possibly related to the synergic effects of compounds 1 and 2.  相似文献   

Fostering sustainable water use in almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) orchards in a semiarid Mediterranean environment     

Iván Francisco García-Tejero  Saray Gutiérrez Gordillo  Luciene Souza  Simón Cuadros-Tavira  Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(2):164-181

This work examines the long-term effects of deficit-irrigation (DI) practices in almond crop (Prunus dulcis Mill.) in agronomical and physiological terms. The trial was conducted during four-year monitoring period (2014–2017), in an experimental orchard (SW Spain), subjected to three irrigation regimes; i) a full-irrigation treatment (F_I), which received 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ET_C); ii) a regulated-deficit irrigation (RDI₅₀), which received 50% of ET_C during the kernel-filling period; and iii) a low-frequency deficit irrigation (LFDI), that was subjected to continuous periods of irrigation-restriction defined in terms of threshold values of leaf-water potential (Ψ_leaf) during the kernel-filling period. During the water stress period, there were monitored Ψ_leaf, stomatal conductance (g_s) and canopy temperature (T_C). Significant improvements in terms of water-use efficiency were found, as no differences in terms of yield between F_I and LFDI were found, leading to the conclusion that significant water savings (between 27 and 40%) can be achieved without compromising the yield. Moreover, threshold values of Ψ_leaf and thermal indicators were defined which will allow establishing future irrigation scheduling without compromising almond yield, especially when DI strategies are being applied.  相似文献   

Host range of Erwinia psidii and genetic resistance of Eucalyptus and Corymbia species to this pathogen     

Nilmara P. Caires  Pollyane S. Hermenegildo  Lúcio M. S. Guimares  Reginaldo G. Mafia  Edival . V. Zauza  Norton Borges Júnior  Jorge L. Badel  Acelino C. Alfenas 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(4)

Dieback caused by Erwinia psidii is currently one of the most important emerging diseases in eucalypt plantations in Brazil. However, little is known in terms of the host range of this pathogen or the potential sources of resistance against the disease it causes. In this study, we inoculated plants of species from nine families to gain insight into the host range of E. psidii. Plants of all inoculated species of Myrtaceae except Acca sellowiana exhibited disease symptoms and therefore represent potential hosts for the pathogen under natural conditions. In addition, the response of four Corymbia species, 29 Eucalyptus species and three interspecific Eucalyptus hybrids to inoculation with E. psidii was evaluated. All Corymbia henryi, Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus thozetiana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus viminalis, Eucalyptus dalrympleana and Eucalyptus pilularis plants were highly resistant to the pathogen, whereas differential disease resistance was observed in the other species. This study provides important information on sources of resistance to Erwinia psidii with potential use in the development of clones with enhanced resistance in eucalypt species of economic importance.  相似文献   

Long-term dynamics of leaf and root decomposition and nitrogen release in a grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands     

Gunnar Morozov  Jürgen Aosaar  Mats Varik  Hardo Becker  Krista Lõhmus  Allar Padari 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2019,34(1):12-25

The decomposition of the leaf litter, fine roots (d?<?2?mm) and coarser roots (2?≤?d?<?5?mm) of grey alder and silver birch, as well as of α-cellulose sheets using the litterbag method was studied in two experimental stands on Podzoluvisol soils in Southern Estonia. For both tree species, the coarser roots decomposed faster than the fine roots, (p?<?.05), tree species did not affect the decomposition rate of the roots (p?>?.5). The nitrogen (N) input to soil from aboveground litter was multiple times higher than the N flux from roots. The remaining relative ash-free mass of the leaves of grey alder and silver birch after three and a half years was similar. After 11 years the remaining relative ash-free mass of the fine and coarser roots of grey alder still accounted for around 10% of the initial value. For silver birch the remaining value was around 20% after 9 years. The litterbag method to underestimates in fertile soils the decomposition of organic matter and thus did not reflect the actual dynamics of decomposition.  相似文献   

Atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and nutrient additions to planted soil increase mineralisation of soil organic matter, but do not alter microbial utilisation of plant- and soil C-sources   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eric Paterson  Barry Thornton  Andrew J. Midwood  Shona M. Osborne  Allan Sim  Pete Millard 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(9):2434-2440

Plants link atmospheric and soil carbon pools through CO₂ fixation, carbon translocation, respiration and rhizodeposition. Within soil, microbial communities both mediate carbon-sequestration and return to the atmosphere through respiration. The balance of microbial use of plant-derived and soil organic matter (SOM) carbon sources and the influence of plant-derived inputs on microbial activity are key determinants of soil carbon-balance, but are difficult to quantify. In this study we applied continuous ¹³C-labelling to soil-grown Lolium perenne, imposing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and nutrient additions as experimental treatments. The relative use of plant- and SOM-carbon by microbial communities was quantified by compound-specific ¹³C-analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). An isotopic mass-balance approach was applied to partition the substrate sources to soil respiration (i.e. plant- and SOM-derived), allowing direct quantification of SOM-mineralisation. Increased CO₂ concentration and nutrient amendment each increased plant growth and rhizodeposition, but did not greatly alter microbial substrate use in soil. However, the increased root growth and rhizosphere volume with elevated CO₂ and nutrient amendment resulted in increased rates of SOM-mineralisation per experimental unit. As rhizosphere microbial communities utilise both plant- and SOM C-sources, the results demonstrate that plant-induced priming of SOM-mineralisation can be driven by factors increasing plant growth. That the balance of microbial C-use was not affected on a specific basis may suggest that the treatments did not affect soil C-balance in this study.  相似文献   

Effects of exercise on the morphology of the myenteric neurons of the duodenum of Wistar rats during the ageing process     

De Britto Mari R  Clebis NK  Gagliardo KM  Guimarães JP  Stabille SR  De Mello Germano R  De Souza RR 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2008,37(4):289-295

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of regular physical activity on the morphology of the myenteric plexus of the duodenum in rats during the ageing process. To this end, 45 Wistar rats were divided into three groups: C (sedentary – 6 months old), S (sedentary – 12 months old) and T (trained – 12 months old). The animals of group S were given with a physical activity programme consisting of a 10-min-treadmill workout once a week. The animals of group T were submitted to the physical activity programme five times a week. Their duodenums were collected and submitted to the techniques of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-diaphorase enzyme histochemistry for whole-mount preparations and transmission electron microscopy. No differences in the constitution of the myenteric plexuses were found when the sedentary and trained groups were compared with the control group. The ultrastructural features were similar for the three groups. However, it was verified that the physical activity of the trained animals resulted in a similar myenteric neuron morphology to that of the adult animals (6 months old), thereby confirming its beneficial effect, as the sedentary animals had larger alterations in the collagen fibrils and the basal membrane that occur through ageing. The quantitative analysis showed that the NADH-diaphorase positive neurons decreased with ageing and increased with physical activity ( P  > 0.05). No significant alteration ( P  > 0.05) in the neuronal profile area of the NADH-diaphorase positive neurons has been observed with ageing.  相似文献