Developing logistic models to relate the accumulation of DON associated with Fusarium head blight to climatic conditions in Europe     

Xiangming Xu  Laurence V. Madden  Simon G. Edwards  Fiona M. Doohan  Antonio Moretti  L. Hornok  P. Nicholson  A. Ritieni 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,137(4):689-706

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused by several Fusarium species, is a damaging disease, resulting not only in yield reduction but also accumulation of mycotoxins in grain. Epidemiology and management of FHB has been extensively studied worldwide. Data on FHB development and accumulation of mycotoxins were obtained in four European countries during 2001–2004 to study the effect of FHB development and environmental conditions on accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON). The occurrence of DON was highly correlated with presence of one or more toxigenic Fusarium species. Hourly weather data recorded at each sampling site were summarised over several periods of different lengths (5–30 days) during the anthesis and pre-harvest period. All-subsets regression was used to determine the extent to which the probability of DON occurrence is related to weather variables and also the consistency of such a toxin-weather relationship. Combined with a re-sampling technique, all-subsets regression analysis showed the difficulties in identifying a single ‘best’ model of relating the probability of toxin ≥90 μg kg^?1 to weather predictors. A wide range of inter-related weather predictors based on time windows around anthesis and pre-harvest were selected in different models. There were many alternative models based on weather predictors only with similar predictive power because of high correlation among weather predictors. The performance of these alternative models was generally poor, particularly in terms of the high proportion of false positive predictions (specificity was only around 0.60–0.65). Inclusion of the number of toxigenic Fusarium species at harvest into models did not improve the model sensitivity (ca. 0.75–0.80) but appreciably improved the specificity (ca. 0.70–0.75). On balance, weather summarised over a 15-day window frame led to models with better predictions than other three window frames (5, 10 and 30 days).  相似文献   

Survey of the therapeutic approach and efficacy of pentosan polysulfate for the prevention and treatment of equine osteoarthritis in veterinary practice in Australia     

CM Kramer  AS Tsang  T Koenig  LB Jeffcott  CM Dart  AJ Dart 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(12):482-487

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Severe Comminuted and Spiral Tibial Fracture Managed with a Cross-tied Cast in a Pony     

Gabriel Cuevas-Ramos  Sophie Moretti  DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

In the horse, diaphyseal tibial fractures are generally comminuted, spiral, and open; they are related to a high-energy accident, which makes them, in general, a catastrophic injury. The major comminution and the open component make of this fracture a real challenge when surgically repaired. For the owner, the costly treatment and the often poor prognosis are two major factors to consider, particularly when dealing with an adult horse. We describe the case of a severe comminuted and spiral, closed fracture of the tibia, with diaphyseal and distal metaphyseal involvement in a pleasure pony. The owner could not afford a surgical intervention, but he refused categorically to euthanize the animal. Considering the closed status of the fracture, a conservative treatment option was offered as a very last option. The tibial fracture was managed successfully with a cross-tied cast.  相似文献   

Clinical field study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the amino-acetonitrile derivative, monepantel, compared with registered anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Australia   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

BC Hosking  TM Griffiths  RG Woodgate  RB Besier  AS Le Feuvre  P Nilon  C Trengove  KJ Vanhoff  BG Kaye-Smith  W Seewald 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(11):455-462

Objective   To determine the efficacy of monepantel, a developmental compound from the amino-acetonitrile derivative class of anthelmintics, against field infections of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.
Procedures   Comparisons of efficacy (using standard faecal worm egg count reduction tests) and safety (on the basis of visual observations) were made in a large-scale field study in Australia, between groups of sheep treated with either an oral solution of monepantel or a registered anthelmintic. The sheep were naturally infected with the major gastrointestinal nematode genera present in Australia.
Results   The post-treatment efficacy results for monepantel were: at 7 days (±1 day) efficacy was >98%; at 14 days (±1 day) it was generally close to or >99%; and at 21 days (±1 day) efficacy was consistently >99%. A high proportion of the targeted nematode populations were confirmed as being resistant to one or more of the currently available anthelmintic classes.
Conclusions   Monepantel when used under field conditions at a minimum dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg was highly effective against mixed-genus natural field infections of the major gastrointestinal nematode genera including Haemonchus , Teladorsagia ( Ostertagia ), Trichostrongylus , Nematodirus , Chabertia and Oesophagostomum . This result included efficacy against some populations resistant to the currently available broad-spectrum anthelmintics. Few Cooperia spp. were present to allow confirmation of efficacy against this genus. On no occasion after treatment did any commercial anthelmintic-treated groups have significantly lower faecal egg counts than the monepantel-treated groups. Monepantel was safe for the target animals and human operators when used in a field situation.  相似文献   

Long-range incommensurate charge fluctuations in (Y,Nd)Ba2Cu3O(6+x)     

G Ghiringhelli  M Le Tacon  M Minola  S Blanco-Canosa  C Mazzoli  NB Brookes  GM De Luca  A Frano  DG Hawthorn  F He  T Loew  M Moretti Sala  DC Peets  M Salluzzo  E Schierle  R Sutarto  GA Sawatzky  E Weschke  B Keimer  L Braicovich 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6096):821-825

The concept that superconductivity competes with other orders in cuprate superconductors has become increasingly apparent, but obtaining direct evidence with bulk-sensitive probes is challenging. We have used resonant soft x-ray scattering to identify two-dimensional charge fluctuations with an incommensurate periodicity of ~3.2 lattice units in the copper-oxide planes of the superconductors (Y,Nd)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(6+)(x), with hole concentrations of 0.09 to 0.13 per planar Cu ion. The intensity and correlation length of the fluctuation signal increase strongly upon cooling down to the superconducting transition temperature (T(c)); further cooling below T(c) abruptly reverses the divergence of the charge correlations. In combination with earlier observations of a large gap in the spin excitation spectrum, these data indicate an incipient charge density wave instability that competes with superconductivity.  相似文献   

Mini-invasive approach for removal of iliopsoas migrating grass awns with an atraumatic wound retractor     

G. Moretti  F. Birettoni  D. Caivano  S. Nannarone  A. Crovace  F. Porciello  A. Bufalari 《The Journal of small animal practice》2021,62(2):150-155

This case series describes a novel mini coeliotomy approach using a radial, atraumatic self-retaining retractor for the retrieval of migrant plant foreign bodies from the iliopsoas muscles of six male dogs under intra-operative ultrasonographic guidance. Four dogs had a history of pulmonary disease potentially compatible with inhalation of a foreign body approximately 2–4 months before presentation. Under ultrasonographic guidance, the grass awns were identified in the iliopsoas muscle and were completely removed. In this case series, the annular ring device provided an excellent view of the surgical field for intra-abdominal manipulations. Patient follow-up at 15 days and 6 to 12 months after surgery indicated a full recovery, and no grass awn fragment residues were identified.  相似文献   

Ovarian Follicular Dynamics of five-eighths Girolando Cows     

AS Santos Filho  MAL Oliveira  JGL Caldas  PF Lima  & IV Donato 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2001,36(3-4):207-210

The objective of this study was to examine the follicular dynamics of five-eighths Girolando cows by observing the number of follicular development waves, days of emergence of those waves, diameters of the dominant and largest subordinate follicles and the processes of follicular selection and dominance. Ovarian follicle dynamics were monitored for 24 oestrous cycles in 12 cows, of 4 to 10 years of age, presenting regular oestrous cycles and with body scores between 3 and 4. Ovaries were observed daily for two consecutive oestrous cycles and follicles were measured with ultrasonographic equipment. The dominant follicle was considered to be that which presented a diameter ≥ 10 mm for three consecutive days and on the day of wave emergence, when a group of follicles measuring 3–5 mm in diameter would appear. Of the 24 cycles monitored, 62.5% presented two waves of follicular development and 37.5% presented three waves. The cycles presenting two waves had an average duration of 20 days, with the emergence of the waves on days 1 and 9, whereas the cycles presenting three waves had an average duration of 22 days, with emergences on days 1, 10 and 16. For cycles with two waves, both the first and second dominant follicles reached an average size of 13.8 mm, with the first regressing on day 10 and the second ovulating around day 20. For cycles with three waves, the dominant follicles of the first and second waves reached maximum diameters of 11.8 and 12 mm, respectively, with the first regressing on day 11 and the second regressing on day 17. The third dominant follicle reached a maximum diameter of 12.4 mm on day 20, and ovulated on day 22. These results lead to the conclusion that the follicular dynamics of five-eighths Girolando cows are characterized by the presence of two to three waves of follicular growth.  相似文献   

Linear body measurements and productivity of subtropical Holstein–Friesian dairy calves     

A Hewitt  TWJ Olchowy  AS James  B Fraser  S Ranjbar  M Soust  JI Alawneh 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(7):280-289

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Potential role of lava lizards as pollinators across the Galápagos Islands     

Sandra HERVÍAS‐PAREJO  Manuel NOGALES  Beatriz GUZMN  María del Mar TRIGO  Jens M. OLESEN  Pablo VARGAS  Ruben HELENO  Anna TRAVESET 《Integrative zoology》2020,15(2):144-148

Lizards have been reported as important pollinators on several oceanic islands. Here we evaluate the potential role of Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus spp.) as pollinators across their radiation. Over 3 years, we sampled pollen transport by 9 lava lizard species on the 10 islands where they are present, including 7 single‐island endemics. Overall, only 25 of 296 individuals sampled (8.4%) transported pollen of 10 plant species, the most common being Prosopis juliflora, Exodeconus miersii, Sesuvium sp. and Cordia leucophlyctis. At least 8 of these plant species were native, and none were confirmed as introduced to the archipelago. Despite the low overall proportion of individuals carrying pollen, this was observed in 7 of the nine lizard species, and on 8 of the ten main islands (Española, Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Marchena, Pinta, Santa Cruz and Santiago), suggesting that this is a widespread interaction. The results reported here support the potential role of lava lizards as pollinators across their radiation, although they may represent a relatively modest contribution when compared with birds and insects. However, we cannot discard that lizards may be ecologically significant for particular plant species and ecosystems given the specific climatic condition and functional diversity of each island.  相似文献   

Molecular identification and mycotoxin production of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lilium longiflorum</Emphasis>-associated fusaria isolated from two geographic locations in the United States     

Nimmi Rajmohan  Thomas J. Gianfagna  Giuseppe Meca  Antonio Moretti  Ning Zhang 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(4):631-642

Fusarium diseases of Liliaceae crops cause significant losses worldwide. Yet some Fusarium species are found in planta without causing disease or even in a symbiotic relationship with its host. In this study we identified and characterized the Fusarium species isolated from soil, and from healthy and diseased bulbs of Lilium longiflorum grown in New Jersey and Oregon in the United States. The predominant Fusarium species from the Oregon location were F. solani (74%) and F. oxysporum (20%), whereas F. concentricum (43%) and F. proliferatum (26%), both belonging to the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC), were the most commonly isolated species from New Jersey. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. concentricum associated with Liliaceae. All of the isolates were characterized with sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. The 24 GFSC isolates were further characterized with mating type, mating population, and mycotoxin analysis. Results showed that all GFSC isolates were MAT-2, suggesting that the populations may be asexually reproducing in the region examined. The majority of the GFSC isolates produced beauvericin. Enniatin A, B, B₁ and fusaproliferin were produced by a few isolates. Enniatin A₁ and fumonisins were not detected in any of the isolates. Although F. oxysporum and F. solani are well-known bulb pathogens, many isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani, and all of the F. concentricum and F. proliferatum were isolated from asymptomatic bulbs, suggesting their endophytic association with lilies.  相似文献