Forest humus forms as potential indicators of soil carbon storage in Mediterranean environments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anna Andreetta  Rossano Ciampalini  Pierpaolo Moretti  Simona Vingiani  Giorgio Poggio  Giorgio Matteucci  Francesca Tescari  Stefano Carnicelli 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(1):31-40

The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of forest humus forms as indicators of soil C storage. To this purpose, Mediterranean forest soils in Southern and Central Italy were examined. Sites differed for elevation, climate, parent material and vegetation conditions, while summer drought was the common ecological factor. A morpho-functional criterion, based on holorganic layers thickness and A horizon properties, was used to classify humus forms, which ranged from Dysmoder to Eumull. Such variability allowed understanding of factors influencing organic matter storage. The relations between carbon stock and humus form were investigated for the topsoil layer (0–20 cm), which was supposed to contain the soil C pools most sensitive to climate change. We found that humus forms can be grouped in statistically different populations, with respect to topsoil C stocks. The use of A horizon structure was the main diagnostic criterion and represented the most effective approach to humus classification in Mediterranean conditions. It appears that humus forms have a clear potential as indicators of organic carbon status in Mediterranean forest soils.  相似文献   

Pathological pigmentation in cardiac tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with cardiomyopathy syndrome     

Hilde AS Fagerland  Lars Austb?  Camilla Fritsvold  Marta Alarcon  Espen Rimstad  Knut Falk  Torunn Taksdal  Erling O Koppang 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):107

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Evaluation of a Novel Real-Time Continuous Glucose-Monitoring System for Use in Cats     

S. Moretti  F. Tschuor  M. Osto  M. Franchini  B. Wichert  M. Ackermann  T.A. Lutz  C.E. Reusch  E. Zini 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(1):120-126

Background: The Guardian REAL‐Time is a continuous glucose‐monitoring system (CGMS) recently developed to provide instantaneous interstitial glucose concentrations; the system does not require a monitor being fixed to the animal. Hypothesis: The CGMS provides accurate and reproducible real‐time readings of glucose concentration in cats. Animals: Thirty‐two diabetic cats, 2 cats with suspected insulinoma, and 5 healthy cats. Methods: Prospective, observational study. CGMS accuracy was compared with a reference glucose meter at normal, high, and low blood glucose concentrations using error grid analysis. Reading variability of 2 simultaneously used CGMS was determined in diabetic cats by calculating correlation and percentage of concordance of paired data at different glycemic ranges. The time interval between increasing glycemia and a rise in interstitial fluid glucose measured by the CGMS was assessed in healthy cats receiving glucose IV; the time point of maximal increase in interstitial glucose concentrations was calculated. Results: The CGMS was 100, 96.1, and 91.0% accurate at normal, high, and low blood glucose concentrations. Measurements deviated from reference by ?12.7 ± 70.5 mg/dL at normal, ?12.1 ± 141.5 mg/dL at high, and ?1.9 ± 40.9 mg/dL at low glucose concentrations. Overall, paired CGMS readings correlated significantly (r= 0.95, P < .0001) and concordance was 95.7%. The median delay after IV administration of glucose to an increase in interstitial glucose was 11.4 minutes (range: 8.8–19.7 minutes). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Although some readings substantially deviated from reference values, the CGMS yields reproducible results, is clinically accurate in cats with hyperglycemia and euglycemia, and is slightly less accurate if blood glucose concentrations are low. Rapidly increasing interstitial glucose after a glycemic rise suggests that the CGMS is suitable for real‐time measurement under clinical conditions.  相似文献   

Conventional PCR and real time quantitative PCR detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora cryptogea</Emphasis> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gerbera jamesonii</Emphasis>     

Daniela Minerdi  Marino Moretti  Yuan Li  Laura Gaggero  Angelo Garibaldi  Maria Lodovica Gullino 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(2):227-237

A conventional PCR and a SYBR Green real-time PCR assays for the detection and quantification of Phytophthora cryptogea, an economically important pathogen, have been developed and tested. A conventional primer set (Cryp1 and Cryp2) was designed from the Ypt1 gene of P. cryptogea. A 369 bp product was amplified on DNA from 17 isolates of P. cryptogea. No product was amplified on DNA from 34 other Phytophthora spp., water moulds, true fungi and bacteria. In addition, Cryp1/Cryp2 primers were successfully adapted to real-time PCR. The conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays were compared. The PCR was able to detect the pathogen on naturally infected gerbera plants and on symptomatic artificially infected plants collected 21 days after pathogen inoculation. The detection limit was 5 × 10³ P. cryptogea zoospores and 16 fg of DNA. Real-time PCR showed a detection limit 100 times lower (50 zoospores, 160 ag of DNA) and the possibility of detecting the pathogen in symptomless artificially infected plants and in the re-circulating nutrient solution of closed soilless cultivation systems.  相似文献   

Histochemical distribution of intestinal enzymes of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed lyophilized bovine colostrum     

Débora B. Moretti  Wiolene M. Nordi  Thaline M. P. Cruz  José Eurico P. Cyrino  Raul Machado-Neto 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(5):1487-1493

Enzyme activity was evaluated in the intestine of juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, fed diets containing 0, 10 or 20 % of lyophilized bovine colostrum (LBC) inclusion for either 30 or 60 days. The enzymes intestinal acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and ALP, respectively), nonspecific esterase (NSE), lipase (LIP), dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were studied using histochemistry in four intestinal segments (S1, S2, S3 and rectum). Moderate activity of the DAP IV was detected in the three last intestinal segments, but no differences among the treatments were detected. Enzymes LAP, NSE and LIP were weakly stained in all intestinal segments and the inclusion of 10 or 20 % of LBC in the diet commanded a moderate reaction to NSE in the S3 segment at day 60. ACP activity was detected only in the brush border of the S1 segment of fish fed 0 % LBC for either 30 or 60 days. The activity of ALP was very strong in the first intestinal segment, but a weak reaction was seen in the last segments. The inclusion of 20 % of LBC changed the pattern of staining to the ALP, eliciting moderate staining in S2 at day 30 and S1 at day 60. The consumption of diets containing LBC by juvenile pacu did not have significant implications in intestinal enzymatic activity, which still was not fully stimulated.  相似文献   

Long‐term control of olfactory neuroblastoma in a dog treated with surgery and radiation therapy          下载免费PDF全文

E Gumpel  AS Moore  DJ Simpson  KL Hoffmann  DP Taylor 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(7):227-231

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Antispasmodic effect of 4'-methylepigallocatechin on guinea pig ileum     

da Rocha MB  Souza FV  Estevam Cdos S  Pizza C  Sant'ana AE  Marçal RM 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(7):1286-1290

The antispasmodic effect of 4'-methylepigallocatechin (MEC), which was isolated from Maytenus rigida Mart (Celestraceae), was investigated in vitro in guinea pig intestinal segments. In the isolated ileum, MEC (1 nM-100μM) did not modify the ileal spontaneous tonus or the electrically elicited contractions. MEC (8μM) significantly (p<0.01) reduced the submaximal contractions induced by histamine (2μM), carbachol (100μM) and BaCl(2) (0.03M). An additive relaxing action (p<0.001) was observed by co-incubation of verapamil (10 nM) and MEC (8μM). Although MEC (1nM-100μM) did not modify the contractions elicited by 60mM KCl, it significantly reduced the CaCl(2) contractile response without changing the EC(50) (effective concentration of CaCl(2) causing 50% of maximum response). In brief, these results show that MEC has a potent ileal spasmolytic effect and blocks spasms induced by specific and nonspecific stimuli. Importantly, the spasmolytic effects were attained at low concentrations and might be related to the symptomatic relief of abdominal pain that is obtained from the use of the M. rigida stem bark.  相似文献   

Occurrence of Giardia duodenalis infection in chinchillas (Chincilla lanigera) from Italian breeding facilities     

Veronesi F  Piergili Fioretti D  Morganti G  Bietta A  Moretta I  Moretti A  Traversa D 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):807-810

The present work investigated the occurrence of Giardia infection in Chinchilla lanigera reared in three Italian breeding facilities and determined their role as potential zoonotic reservoir. One hundred and four fecal samples were tested for the presence of Giardia spp. cysts using a Direct Fluorescent Assay (DFA). A high positivity rate (39.4%) was found despite all animals were asymptomatic at the time of sampling. Thirty-one positive samples were genetically characterized by sequence analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the Giardia ribosomal DNA. Assemblages B (29 isolates) and C (two isolates) were identified. These results showed that Giardia infection can be common in chinchillas, thus spurring further molecular epizootiological studies of the infection to assess the zoonotic potential or host specificity of their isolates, to determine the source of infections, to identify the routes of transmission, and to control the infection among animal populations.  相似文献   

New insights into the epidemiology of bovine piroplasmoses in Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cassini R  Marcer F  di Regalbono AF  Cancrini G  Gabrielli S  Moretti A  Galuppi R  Tampieri MP  Pietrobelli M 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,184(1):77-82

Few studies have been published on bovine piroplasmoses in Italy, and therefore a clear picture of the epidemiology of these infections is difficult to obtain. Vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in Central and Northern Regions of Italy were investigated in 2005 and 2006, when microscopy, molecular tools and serological tests were applied to 468 blood samples drawn from cattle in order to evaluate the presence of these protozoa and identify possible risk factors. Ticks were also collected, identified and analyzed by molecular techniques.Microscopy identified 6.5% of the animals as positive, whereas PCR detected piroplasm DNA in 21.6%. BLAST analysis showed 67 amplicons (17.0%) referable to the Theileria sergenti/buffeli/orientalis group, 17 (4.3%) to Theileria annae, and 1 to Babesia divergens. Serology evidenced a prevalence of 45.4% for Babesia bovis, 17.4% for Babesia bigemina, and 34.9% for B. divergens. The 127 collected ticks were identified as belonging to 5 species, mostly represented by Rhipicephalus bursa, Hyalomma marginatum and Ixodes ricinus. Molecular analyses evidenced the presence of B. bovis and B. bigemina, in 3 and 5 ticks, respectively.Our findings suggest that different species of piroplasms are circulating in bovine populations in Central and Northern Italy, and provide new insights into the complex epidemiology of bovine piroplasmoses in Italy.  相似文献   

Genetic screening of FecB,FecXG and FecXI mutations and their linkage with litter size in Barki and Rahmani sheep breeds          下载免费PDF全文

AS El‐Seedy  NM Hashem  KM El‐Azrak  ANM Nour El‐Din  TA Ramadan  TA Taha  MH Salem 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(6):1133-1137

Characterization of fecundity genes offers the opportunity to improve production efficiency, and the consequent increase in litter size in livestock industry, through utilizing them in breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to detect the BMPR‐IB, BMP15 and GDF9 gene mutations and to investigate whether these mutations are associated with litter size in Egyptian sheep breeds. To achieve this goal, 73 adult ewes representing Barki (n = 33) and Rahmani (n = 40) breeds were used. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) screening approach was used to detect the presence of FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I mutations in the two selected breeds. Results of this study showed that the three different candidate gene mutations, namely FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I are not present among these selected populations of the Egyptian breeds. Further studies regarding other mutations and/or other genes, which may influence ovulation rate, should be carried out to determine the type and mode of inheritance of such genes in Egyptian sheep breeds.  相似文献