Comparison of the effects of etomidate and its fluoro analogue, R 8110, on plasma Cortisol, 11β-deoxycortisol, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone concentrations in dogs     

R. DE COSTER  A.-D. A. Y. DEGRYSE  P. VAN DIJK  L. A. A. OOMS  E. LAGERWEIJ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1987,10(3):227-232

R 8110, an imidazole derivative, was shown to be clinically superior to etomidate for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in dogs. The present study compared the effects of intravenous (i.v.) R 8110, etomidate and Ringer solution on cortisol biosynthesis by the adrenal gland in seven male labradors. A tetracosactide challenge was carried out 30 min after the i.v. injection of 3 mg/kg of both drugs and after i.v. Ringer solution (1 ml/kg). Etomidate and R 8110 both suppressed the cortisol response to tetracosactide almost completely and increased the plasma 11 beta-deoxycortisol levels more than 20 fold. Maximal 11 beta-deoxycortisol values were reached 120 min after R 8110, and not less than 300 min after etomidate. Plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone concentrations did not differ between placebo and R 8110 treatment, but they decreased after etomidate. These results indicate that the effects of R 8110 on steroid biosynthesis in dogs are less pronounced than those of etomidate and are largely limited to a temporary inhibition of the 11 beta-hydroxylase in the adrenal gland.  相似文献   

Evaluation of radiographic liver size in twenty-seven normal deep-chested dogs     

H. VAN BREE  A. SACKX 《The Journal of small animal practice》1987,28(8):693-703

Radiographic liver size was established in 27 clinically normal deep-chested dogs. In addition, the influence on radiographic liver size of technical factors such as positioning, respiratory phase and position of the central X-ray beam was evaluated. Exact measurement was complicated by two facts. First, the outline of the ventral and caudoventral borders of the liver shadow was not clearly delineated in all dogs. Secondly, in some dogs merging of the silhouettes of liver and spleen was present. As a result in only 14 out of 27 dogs used for this study could exact measurements be made. In this group of deep-chested dogs, the liver shadow was better delineated in left lateral recumbency. In left lateral recumbency less merging of the silhouettes of liver and spleen was noticed. Normal radiographic liver length measured on right lateral views made on expiration and expressed as a ratio to the length of the 11 th thoracic vertebra varied between 4·8 and 7·8 with a mean and standard deviation of 6·1 ± 0·8. The length of the liver tip protruding behind the curve of the 12th rib varied between -0·5 and 1·7 with a mean and standard deviation of 0·6 ± 0.7. This great variability in radiographic liver size between normal dogs of the same thoracic conformnation makes it rather difficult to diagnose hepatomegaly in individual cases. No difference in radiographic liver size of statistical significance could be found between right and left lateral recumbency. The respiratory phase during which the radiograph was made was the only factor causing a difference of statistical significance in radiographic liver size. In all dogs the length of the liver tip protruding behind the costal arch was longer on the view made during inspiration.  相似文献   

Blood sedimentation rate in the horse and the cow     

VAN ZIJL WJ 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》1948,73(13):485-516

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Cytochrome P4502E in vivo and in vitro in the dwarf goat: effects of enzyme induction and the applicability of chlorzoxazone as marker substrate     

W. M. ZWEERS-ZEILMAKER  R.F.M. MAAS  G. J. HORBACH†  A.S.J.P.A.M. VAN MIERT  R. F. WITKAMP 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1996,19(3):245-250

Cytochrome P4502E activities, inducibility and the applicability of chlorzoxazone as a marker substrate for this enzyme were investigated in female dwarf goats. Goats were treated with either isoniazid or β-naphthoflavone. Treatment with isoniazid resulted in a 1.4 fold increase of the chlorzoxazone hydroxylation rate in hepatic microsomes. Aniline- and p-nitrophenol hydroxylation rates were increased by roughly the same extent (1.6 and 1.25 fold resp.) and increased levels of cytochrome P4502E apoproteins were found by Western blotting. Treatment with the cytochrome P4501A inducer β-naphthoflavone resulted in a 2.5 fold induction of the in vitro chlorzoxazone hydroxylation rate, whereas the hydroxylation rates of aniline and p-nitrophenol were not induced. After treatment with isoniazid, chlorzoxazone plasma clearance was increased from 5.0 mL/min/kg to 11.0 mL/min/kg. Chlorzoxazone was almost completely excreted in the urine as conjugated hydroxy metabolites. These results do not support the hypothesis that cytochrome P4502E is of particular importance in goats, as has been suggested earlier. Furthermore, chlorzoxazone has limited value as a marker substrate for this enzyme, since cytochrome P4501A enzymes appear to play an important role in its biotransformation.  相似文献   

Congenital porto-systemic shunts in sixteen dogs and three cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. ROTHUIZEN  TH. S. G. A. M. VAN DEN  INGH  G. VOORHOUTM†  R. J. T. VAN DER  LUER W. WOUDA 《The Journal of small animal practice》1982,23(2):67-81

Congenital porto-systemic shunts in sixteen dogs and three cats are described. A major symptom was hepato-encephalopathy. In most cases diagnosis was based on elevated venous ammonia levels, abnormal ammonia tolerance and results of operative mesenteric portography. Clinical signs, laboratory findings, results of portography, and pathologic findings in the liver and the central nervous system are described. A diagnostic schedule is proposed to aid in recognition of this syndrome.  相似文献   

Some pharmacokinetic data of aditoprim and trimethoprim in healthy and tick-borne fever infected dwarf goats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N. W. KNOPPERT  S. M. NIJMEIJER  C. T. M. VAN DUIN  C. KORSTANJE  H. VAN GOGH  A. S.J. P. A. M. VAN MIERT 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1988,11(2):135-144

Aditoprim (AP) is a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, which is structurally related to trimethoprim (TMP). The pharmacokinetics of AP (10 mg/kg) and TMP (20 mg/kg) were assessed in healthy dwarf goats. Therapeutic efficacy against rickettsial infections was tested in tick-borne fever (TBF) infected goats. The animals were given TMP (n = 5) or AP (n = 5) by i.v. injection, and subsequently the drugs were administered orally (same groups, similar doses). Finally, both groups were infected with TBF and the i.v. experiment was repeated. Plasma concentration-time curves for both drugs followed first-order two-compartment decay. For TMP, mean t1/2 beta +/- SEM (h) was 0.84 +/- 0.06 (i.v. control) and 0.90 +/- 0.06 (i.v. infected), respectively, whereas for AP values of 8.00 +/- 0.31 (i.v. control) and 10.28 +/- 0.67 (i.v. infected) were obtained (P less than 0.05). Mean Vd beta +/- SEM values (l/kg) were 3.84 +/- 0.27 (i.v. control) and 4.07 +/- 0.85 (i.v. infected) for TMP (NS) and 7.02 +/- 0.63 vs 9.29 +/- 0.21 (P less than 0.05) for AP. After i.v. injection, rumen fluid concentrations of AP were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher and more persistent than those of TMP. For AP, the plasma and rumen fluid concentrations at 3 h were 1.20 +/- 0.06 micrograms/ml and 0.85 +/- 0.17 microgram/ml, respectively. After oral administration of TMP, Cmax in plasma was 0.12 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml and the maximum was reached after 1.2 +/- 0.16 h; systemic bioavailability (F) was 10.3% (relative to AUC i.v.). Oral treatment with AP resulted in a Cmax value of 0.21 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml with Tmax of 22.5 +/- 1.65 h and a F value of 71%. Based on WBC, serum ALP and rectal temperature responses, it was concluded that both TMP and AP were inactive against Ehrlichia phagocytophila.  相似文献   

Antipyrine disposition in the dehydrated camel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Z. BEN-ZVI  M. RUBIN  C. VAN  CREVELD R. YAGIL 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1995,18(2):137-140

In the present study the effects of water deprivation in the camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) on the pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine were assessed. A crossover design was used. The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in adult and young camels were compared. Antipyrine was administered intravenously to young and adult female camels when water was available ad libitum and to the adult camels after 14 days of dehydration. The elimination half-life of antipyrine in watered adult camels was 136.5 ± 16.7 min. The half-life of elimination and the mean residence time of antipyrine were significantly prolonged following dehydration. The observed effects of water deprivation were not a function of age, as the pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine in young camels was similar to that of the adults, but more likely due to the changes in oxidative metabolic capacity of the liver as a result of a reduced general metabolism. The results of the present study also show that the intrinsic clearance of antipyrine is proportional to the camel's body weight, as previously shown for other mammalian species.  相似文献   

Action of new steroids in blocking effects of aldosterone and desoxycorticosterone on salt     

KAGAWA CM  CELLA JA  VAN ARMAN CG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1957,126(3281):1015-1016

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Lung Volume of Amphibian Tadpoles     

VAN Bergeijk WA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1957,126(3264):120-121

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GENESIS AND MORPHOLOGY OF SOME ALPINE PSEUDOGLEY PROFILES     

J. BOUMA  L. VAN DER  PLAS 《European Journal of Soil Science》1971,22(1):81-93

Two representative Alpine pseudogley profiles from a high Alpine region in Switzerland are described. Their genesis is mainly a function of illuviation, oxidation and reduction processes, and frost action. A relationship between soil type and vegetation was not found. The higher content of silt in the topsoil can be attributed largely to sedimentation of wind-blown particles.  相似文献