Efficacy of tulathromycin in the treatment and prevention of natural outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease in European cattle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Godinho KS  Wolf RM  Sherington J  Rowan TG  Sunderland SJ  Evans NA 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2005,6(2):122-135

The efficacy of tulathromycin in the treatment (phase 1) and prevention (phase 2) of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was evaluated on commercial farms in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. In phase 1, commingled cattle with clinical BRD were treated with tulathromycin (n = 128) or florfenicol (n = 125) on day 0. Similar percentages of animals showed sustained clinical improvement at day 14 (tulathromycin 83.3% versus florfenicol 81.0%) and had not relapsed by day 60 (tulathromycin 63.3% versus florfenicol 58.4%). In phase 2, healthy in-contact cattle were treated with tulathromycin (n = 492), tilmicosin (n = 494), or saline (n = 265) on day 0. Significantly more (P = .0001) tulathromycin-treated cattle remained healthy to day 14 (92.4%) than tilmicosin-treated (83.7%) or saline-treated (63.7%) cattle, and this was maintained through day 60 (tulathromycin 85.4% versus tilmicosin 75.1% and saline 56.2%). Tulathromycin was highly effective in the treatment and prevention of BRD.  相似文献   

A self-propelled, constant-speed spray vaccinator for commercial layer chickens     

Branton SL  Roush WB  Lott BD  Evans JD  Dozier WA  Collier SD  Bearson SM  Bearson BL  Pharr GT 《Avian diseases》2005,49(1):147-151

Vaccination of commercial layer chickens is labor intensive and often results in poor rates of seroconversion, which, in turn, generally correlate with decreased flock uniformity and performance. Attempts to improve the vaccination process include numerous variations of individual shop-built vaccinators in use by the layer sector of the poultry industry. Each of these vaccinators has limitations that contribute to poor vaccinations. Major problems include the nonuniform speed of the applicator system and pressure fluctuations at the spray nozzles, which contribute to sporadic dispersion of the vaccine as the vaccinator is pushed or carried past the cages. A battery-powered, self-propelled, constant-speed vaccinator was designed and constructed that operates with constant nozzle pressure. In field use, this vaccinator has resulted in both labor savings (reduction of manpower from five to one to vaccinate 75,000 chickens) and time savings (from 45 min to 7.5 min/poultry house) as well as improved vaccination results (higher positive seroconversion rates) against the poultry pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), a bacterium associated with losses of 15.7 eggs/hen over a 45-wk laying period in MG-infected layers as compared with layers maintained free from infection with MG.  相似文献   

Anesthesia case of the month. Hyperkalemia     

Carpenter RE  Evans AT 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(6):874-876

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Insulin-like growth factors and recurrent hypoglycemia associated with renal cell carcinoma in a horse     

Swain JM  Pirie RS  Hudson NP  Else RW  Evans H  McGorum BC 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(4):613-616

The case was examined at the Easter Bush Veterinary Hospital, The University of Edinburgh. A 520 kg, 6-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was referred for evaluation of acute onset profound depression, head pressing, and lack of response to external stimuli. The horse had a history of moderate weight loss over several months despite adequate nutrition and a good appetite. Previous episodes of weakness had been observed following administration of anthelmintics, namely, alternate doses of pyrantel and ivermectin, administered every 8 weeks. In an attempt to eliminate a possible parasitic cause of weight loss, over the 7 days prior to presentation, the referring veterinary surgeon treated the horse with a 5-day course of fenbendazole^a (7.5 mg/kg PO q24h) and moxidectin^b (0.4 mg/kg PO), 2 days later. A 5-day course of prednisolone^c (1 mg/kg PO q24h) was initiated on the same day as the fenbendazole. This dose was then tapered to 0.5 mg/kg PO q24h, and was still being administered at the time of presentation.  相似文献   

Effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs     

Conzemius MG  Evans RB  Besancon MF  Gordon WJ  Horstman CL  Hoefle WD  Nieves MA  Wagner SD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(2):232-236

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome and effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL) and injury to the medial meniscus in Labrador Retrievers. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: 131 Labrador Retrievers with unilateral RCCL and injury to the medial meniscus and 17 clinically normal Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURE: Affected dogs had partial or complete medial meniscectomy and lateral suture stabilization (LSS), intracapsular stabilization (ICS), or tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Limb function was measured before surgery and 2 and 6 months after surgery. Treated dogs were evaluated to determine the probability that they could be differentiated from clinically normal dogs and tested to determine the likelihood that they achieved improvement. RESULTS: No difference was found between LSS or TPLO groups, but dogs treated with ICS had significantly lower ground reaction forces at 2 and 6 months. Compared with clinically normal dogs only, 14.9% of LSS-, 15% of ICS-, and 10.9% of TPLO-treated dogs had normal limb function. Improvement was seen in only 15% of dogs treated via ICS, 34% treated via TPLO, and 40% treated via LSS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Surgical technique can influence limb function after surgery. Labrador Retrievers treated via LSS, ICS, or TPLO for repair for of RCCL and medial meniscal injury managed with partial or complete meniscectomy infrequently achieve normal function. Results of LSS and TPLO are similar and superior to ICS.  相似文献   

Effects of preanesthetic administration of morphine on gastroesophageal reflux and regurgitation during anesthesia in dogs     

Wilson DV  Evans AT  Miller R 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(3):386-390

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of morphine administered prior to anesthesia on the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in dogs during the subsequent anesthetic episode. ANIMALS: 90 dogs (30 dogs/group). PROCEDURE: The randomized prospective clinical study included healthy dogs with no history of vomiting. Dogs were scheduled to undergo elective orthopedic surgery. Food was withheld for (mean+/-SD) 17.8+/-4.1 hours prior to induction of anesthesia. The anesthetic protocol included acepromazine maleate, thiopental, and isoflurane. Dogs were randomly selected to receive morphine at various dosages (0, 0.22, or 1.10 mg/kg, IM) concurrent with acepromazine administration prior to induction of anesthesia. A sensor-tipped catheter was used to measure esophageal pH, and GER was defined as a decrease in pH to < 4 or an increase to > 7.5. RESULTS: 40 dogs had acidic reflux, and 1 had biliary reflux. Proportions of dogs with GER were 8 of 30 (27%), 15 of 30 (50%), and 18 of 30 (60%) for morphine dosages of 0, 0.22, and 1.10 mg/kg, respectively. Mean duration of GER was 91.4+/-56.8 minutes. There was no significant association between GER and age, weight, vomiting after preanesthetic medication, administration of antimicrobials, or start of surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Most healthy dogs vomit after a large dose of morphine, but vomiting does not increase the likelihood of GER during the subsequent anesthetic episode. Administration of morphine prior to anesthesia substantially increases the incidence of GER during the subsequent anesthetic episode.  相似文献   

Accuracy and optimization of force platform gait analysis in Labradors with cranial cruciate disease evaluated at a walking gait     

Evans R  Horstman C  Conzemius M 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(5):445-449

OBJECTIVE: To determine the combination of ground reaction forces (GRFs) that best discriminates between lame and non-lame dogs. To compare the sensitivity of force platform gait analysis and visual observation at detecting gait abnormalities in Labradors after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL). ANIMALS: All dogs were adult Labrador Retrievers: 17 free of orthopedic and neurologic abnormalities, 100 with unilateral CCL rupture, and 131 studied 6 months after surgery for unilateral CCL injury, 15 with observable lameness. PROCEDURE: Dogs were walked over a force platform with GRF recorded during the stance phase. Analytic properties of force platform gait analysis were calculated for several combinations of forces. The probability of visual observation detecting a gait abnormality was compared with that of force platform gait analysis. RESULTS: We determined that a combination of peak vertical force (PVF) and falling slope were optimal for discriminating sound and lame Labradors. After surgery, many dogs (75%) with no observable lameness failed to achieve GRFs consistent with sound Labradors. CONCLUSION: A force platform is an accurate method of assessing lameness in Labradors with CCL rupture and is more sensitive than visual observation. Assessing lameness with a combination of GRFs is better than using univariate GRFs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Therapies for stifle lameness can be accurately and objectively evaluated using 2 vertical ground reaction forces obtained from a force platform.  相似文献   

Body composition in the growing rat as affected by dietary lactose, calcium, buffering capacity and EDTA     

R A Ali  J L Evans 《Journal of animal science》1971,33(4):765-770

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Vaccination against canine distemper     

P G Box  J M Evans 《The Veterinary record》1965,77(31):907-908

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Serological response of cattle after vaccination and challenge with Brucella abortus     

S.S. Sutherland  D.V. Le Cras  A.G. Robertson  J.M. Johnston  R.J. Evans 《Veterinary microbiology》1982,7(2):165-175

New and currently used serological procedures were evaluated using sera from cattle that were challenged with B. abortus S544 (S544) after vaccination with either B. abortus S19 (S19) or B. abortus 45/20 (S45/20) as calves or adults. In animals vaccinated with S19, titres to the indirect haemolysis test (IHLT) rose more slowly, declined more rapidly and involved fewer animals than did titres to the complement fixation test (CFT). In animals vaccinated with S45/20 the rough antigen complement fixation test (RCFT) showed persistent titres. At slaughter the IHLT and CFT were found to be more specific and more sensitive than the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) in the detection of cattle infected with B. abortus.  相似文献