The need for a veterinary antibiotic policy.     

K B Pedersen  F M Aarestrup  N E Jensen  F Bager  L B Jensen  S E Jorsal  T K Nielsen  H C Hansen  A Meyling  H C Wegener 《The Veterinary record》1999,145(2):50-53

The international recognition of the 'stable to table' approach to food safety emphasises the need for appropriate and safe use of antibiotics in animal production. An appropriate use of antibiotics for food animals will preserve the long-term efficacy of existing antibiotics, support animal health and welfare and limit the risk of transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans. Furthermore, it may promote consumer confidence in the veterinary use of antibiotics. In advancing these arguments, the authors of this article argue that there is a need for a visible and operational policy for veterinary use of antibiotics, paying particular attention to the policies that are being developed in Denmark.  相似文献   

Movements of two strains of radio tagged Altlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts through a reservoir     

K. Aarestrup  N. Jepsen  & G. Rasmussen  F. Òkland 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1999,6(2):97-107

Smolt migration through a shallow and turbid hydro-reservoir in a major Danish river system was investigated using radiotelemetry. Hatchery-reared 1+-year-old Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts of equal size from two different non-native strains were radio-tagged and followed during their downstream migration through the 12-km-long reservoir. A total of 50 salmon smolts, 25 of Swedish (Øtran River) and 25 of Irish (Burrishoole River) origin, were surgically implanted with miniature radiotransmitters. The tagged smolts were tracked daily over a 3-week period in May 1996. The Øtran smolts initiated migration first ( P  < 0.001), moved faster ( P  < 0.01), were delayed less when passing a culvert ( P  < 0.001) and were more successful in moving through the reservoir than the Burrishoole smolts. The observed differences in migratory behaviour are interpreted as evidence of a genetic component influencing smolt migration.  相似文献   

Annual movement of adult pike (Esox lucius L.) in a lowland river     

A. Koed  K. Balleby  P. Mejlhede  K. Aarestrup 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(2):191-199

Abstract –  The movement of ten radio-tagged adult pikes (57–113 cm) in the River Gudenå, Denmark, was investigated from September 1998 to September 1999. The movements of pike were characterised by long resident periods in the submergent vegetation, interrupted by short excursions to nearby areas. Two periods with more intense movement were observed; one period during early winter; and one period during spring from mid-March to mid-May. The increased movement during early winter may have been initiated by a slight temperature increase at this time, whereas the increased movement during spring coincided with the spawning of pike. Despite suitable spawning areas nearby the areas where pike resided most of the year, several pike, mainly females, migrated to distant localities during spring.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial resistance in swine production   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Aarestrup FM  Oliver Duran C  Burch DG 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2008,9(2):135-148

Large amounts of antimicrobial agents are still being used in modern swine production in many countries around the world. This facilitates the emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteria causing infections in swine have in several cases acquired resistance to a number of the agents most commonly used for treatment, making it difficult to predict the efficacy of different antimicrobial agents without prior susceptibility testing. This review gives an overview of recent susceptibility data from different parts of the world and discusses the importance of the development of resistance not only in the treatment of infections in swine but also taking into account the human health implications of antimicrobial resistance.  相似文献   

Effects of angling and manual handling on pike behaviour investigated by high‐resolution positional telemetry     

H. Baktoft  K. Aarestrup  S. Berg  M. Boel  L. Jacobsen  A. Koed  M. W. Pedersen  J. C. Svendsen  C. Skov 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2013,20(6):518-525

Human disturbances such as angling and manual handling may have long‐term effects on the behaviour of pike, Esox lucius L., an ecologically important species. Using continuous high‐resolution positional telemetry, this study compared the swimming activity of handled and unhandled pike in a small lake. Pike pre‐equipped with acoustic transmitters were angled and exposed to a handling protocol including measurements of length and mass. Pike not recaptured constituted an unhandled control group. Results demonstrated that the handling protocol caused temperature‐dependent changes in pike activity, with higher temperatures leading to lower activity of the recaptured pike. The effects, however, were transitory and not detectable after 48‐h post‐release. These findings indicate that pike are relatively resilient to handling and quickly resume pre‐handling activity.  相似文献   

Generation and Characterization of Embryonic Stem-Like Cell Lines Derived from In Vitro Fertilization Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos     

B Huang  T Li  X-L Wang  T-S Xie  Y-Q Lu  FM da Silva  D-S Shi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(1):122-128

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Influence of Superovulatory Protocols on In Vitro Production of Nellore (Bos indicus) Embryos     

FM Monteiro  MMG Ferreira  JR Potiens  BG Eberhardt  LA Trinca  CM Barros 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):860-864

There are indications in the literature that delaying the period between ovarian superestimulation and ovum pick up (OPU) would induce follicles to a condition of initial atresia, which could be beneficial to oocyte development. In this work, we compared three protocols for OPU and in vitro production (IVP) of embryos, in Nellore cattle. Nellore cows (n = 18) were randomly allocated in three groups: Group 1 (OPU), Group 2 [Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and OPU] and Group 3 (FSH deprivation and OPU). Three OPUs were performed, and the animals were switched to a different group each time (crossover), in such a way that at the end of the experiment all cows received the 3 protocols. At random stage of the oestrous cycle (D‐2), all follicles ≥ 6 mm were aspirated to induce a new follicular wave 2 days afterwards (D0). In Group 1, OPU was performed on D2 and oocytes were processed to IVP. In Group 2, starting on D0, cows were superstimulated (FSH, Folltropin^®, 30 mg administered daily, i.m., during three consecutive days, total dose = 180 mg), and 6 h after the last FSH dose, they received exogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) (12.5 mg, i.m., Lutropin^®, D3). The OPU was performed 6 h after LH administration, i.e. 12 h after the last dose of FSH. Animals in Group 3 received the same treatment as those in Group 2, except that LH was administered 42 h after the last dose of FSH, and OPU occurred 6 h later. Therefore, in this group, follicles were deprived of FSH at 48 h. Both cleavage and blastocyst rates were similar (p > 0.05, anova ) among oocytes from Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively: 77.4% (144/185) and 42.70% (79/185); 75.54% (105/139) and 31.65% (44/139); 63.52% (101/159) and 33.33% (53/159). However, hatched blastocyst rate was higher (p < 0.01) in Group 1 (30.27%, 56/185) when compared with Group 2 (11.51%, 16/139) or 3 (15.72%, 25/159). It is concluded that, contrary to previous work on European breeds (Bos taurus), ovarian superstimulation associated with deprivation of FSH and OPU (Group 3) did not increase IVP of Nellore embryos (Bos indicus). On the contrary, the highest hatched blastocyst rates were observed in oocytes from non‐superstimulated cows.  相似文献   

Susceptibility of different bacterial species isolated from food animals to copper sulphate, zinc chloride and antimicrobial substances used for disinfection     

Aarestrup FM  Hasman H 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,100(1-2):83-89

A total of 569 different bacterial isolates (156 Salmonella, 202 E. coli, 43 S. aureus, 38 S. hyicus, 52 E. faecalis, 78 E. faecium) were tested for susceptibility to copper sulphate, benzalkonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and chlorhexidine using MIC determinations. A total of 442 isolates were also tested for susceptibility to formaldehyde and 177 isolates for susceptibility to zinc chloride. Enterococcal isolates formed a bimodal distribution of MICs to copper sulphate, whereas the other bacterial species formed one large population. Otherwise the isolates formed one large population of susceptibilities to the different antimicrobial agents. Large variations were observed in the susceptibility of the different bacterial species to the different compounds. Staphylococci were in general very susceptible to all antimicrobial compounds tested. The Salmonella isolates were in general less susceptible to copper sulphate, benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine followed by E. coli and the Gram-positive species. The opposite was the case for zinc chloride. All isolates were very susceptible to H(2)O(2) with MICs ranging from 0.002 to 0.016%, and to formaldehyde with MICs at 0.003 and 0.006%. This study showed that Danish bacterial isolates from livestock so far have not or have only to a limited degree developed resistance to antimicrobial compounds commonly used for disinfection. Acquired copper resistance was only found in enterococci. There were large differences in the intrinsic susceptibility of the different bacterial species to these compounds, and Salmonella especially seems intrinsically less susceptible than the other bacterial species, which might have human health implications.  相似文献   

The dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection in nine Danish dairy herds     

Larsen HD  Sloth KH  Elsberg C  Enevoldsen C  Pedersen LH  Eriksen NH  Aarestrup FM  Jensen NE 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,71(1-2):89-101

The aim of the present study was to examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine intramammary infections (IMI) in nine dairy herds, and compare these with isolates from other sites on the cows by phage- and ribotyping. Whether colonisation of milkers with S. aureus could be a source of infection for bovine IMI was investigated. In addition, 100 epidemiologically unrelated S. aureus isolates from asymptomatic human carriers were also phage- and ribotyped to compare the human and bovine reservoir of S. aureus in Denmark. A total of 625 S. aureus isolates from bovine IMI, bovine skin lesions, milking personnel, and non-farm-related human carriers were included in the study. Certain types predominated in one or several herds during the study period of one-and-a-half to two years, whereas the presence of other types was of a more sporadic nature. Within the individual herds, there was a close correspondence between ribo- and phage types of S. aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections and skin lesions. Isolates from milking personnel, however, were not identical to any of the predominant intramammary strains. Furthermore, several of the isolates from milking personnel showed ribo- and phage patterns identical to S. aureus isolates from human carriers. The findings of the present study underline the importance of strict milking hygiene and improvement of current mastitis therapy. The results support the hypothesis that some S. aureus mastitis strains are more contagious, virulent or persistent than others. The human reservoir of S. aureus does not play a major role as a source of bovine intramammary infections.  相似文献   

Characterisation of streptomycin resistance determinants in Danish isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium     

Madsen L  Aarestrup FM  Olsen JE 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,75(1):73-82

Fifty six Danish streptomycin (Sm) resistant isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from pigs (n=34), calves (n=3) and humans (n=19) were characterised with respect to co-resistances (14 drugs), transferability of Sm-resistance by conjugation, genetic determinants encoding Sm-resistance and diversity with respect to localisation of genes in the genome and DNA-sequences. Forty-six strains carried resistance(s) other than Sm-resistance. Nineteen different co-resistance patterns were observed and tetracycline was the most commonly observed resistance in these patterns. In 22 of the strains, Sm-resistance was transferred by conjugation. Eleven strains contained the gene aadA only, six strains contained aadA+strA+strB, and 35 strains contained strA+strB. Partial sequences of aadA were obtained from four strains. Three strains showed identical sequences to a published aadA sequence from the transposon Tn7, and in one strain the sequence showed one synonymous substitution compared to this sequence. Partial sequences were obtained of strA and strB in seven strains. The sequence of strB was identical to the published sequence of the plasmid RSF1010 in all strains. All seven sequences of strA were identical and differed from the sequence of strA in RSF1010 by two non-synonymous substitutions.  相似文献