Where do you think you’re going? Accounting for ontogenetic and climate‐induced movement in spatially stratified integrated population assessment models     

Daniel R. Goethel  Katelyn M. Bosley  Brian J. Langseth  Jonathan J. Deroba  Aaron M. Berger  Dana H. Hanselman  Amy M. Schueller 《Fish and Fisheries》2021,22(1):141-160

Understanding spatial population structure and biocomplexity is critical for determining a species’ resilience to environmental and anthropogenic perturbations. However, integrated population models (IPMs) used to develop management advice for harvested populations have been slow to incorporate spatial dynamics. Therefore, limited research has been devoted to understanding the reliability of movement parameter estimation in spatial population models, especially for spatially dynamic marine fish populations. We implemented a spatial simulation–estimation framework that emulated a generic marine fish metapopulation to explore the impact of ontogenetic movement and climate‐induced distributional shifts between two populations. The robustness of spatially stratified IPMs was explored across a range of movement parametrizations, including ignoring connectivity or estimating movement with various levels of complexity. Ignoring connectivity was detrimental to accurate estimation of population‐specific biomass, while implementing spatial IPMs with intermediate levels of complexity (e.g. estimating movement in two‐year and two‐age blocks) performed best when no a priori information about underlying movement was available. One‐way distributional shifts mimicking climate‐induced poleward migrations presented the greatest estimation difficulties, but the incorporation of auxiliary information on connectivity (e.g. tag‐recapture data) reduced bias. The continued development of spatially stratified modelling approaches should allow harvested resources to be better utilized without increased risk. Additionally, expanded collection and incorporation of unique spatially explicit data will enhance the robustness of IPMs in the future.  相似文献   

Species differences in total and vertical distribution of branch- and tree-level leaf area for the five primary conifer species in Maine, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aaron R. Weiskittel  John A. Kershaw Jr.  Philip V. Hofmeyer  Robert S. Seymour 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009,258(7):1695-1703

Vertical distribution of leaf area largely governs both tree structure and function. Models of this important tree attribute have been constructed for several commercially important conifers. However, a limited number of studies have compared alternative modeling techniques and inherent species differences. This study used several existing datasets for the five primary conifer species in Maine, namely balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.], northern white-cedar [Thuja occidentalis (L.)], eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.], eastern white pine [Pinus strobus (L.)], and red spruce [Picea rubens (Sarg.)] to examine species variation in total and vertical distribution of projected leaf area at the individual branch- and tree-levels. In addition, multiple methods for modeling the vertical distribution of leaf area were examined across the species. For a given branch diameter and location within the crown, eastern hemlock branches held the greatest amount of leaf area, followed by balsam fir, northern white-cedar, white pine, and red spruce. At the tree-level, eastern white pine held the greatest amount of leaf area followed by eastern hemlock, balsam fir, red spruce, and northern white-cedar for a given tree size. Across species, the two-parameter, right-truncated Weibull distribution performed the best for predicting vertical distribution of leaf area when compared to the four-parameter beta and Johnson's S_B distributions (reduction of root mean square error of 1.7–21.1%). Northern white-cedar had a relative distribution of leaf area distinctly different than other species in this study with a mode shifted towards the upper crown. In contrast to red spruce and white pine, the mode of the relative distribution of leaf area for balsam fir and eastern hemlock occurred lower in the crown. Results of this study suggest that differences in total and vertical distribution of leaf area exist between species, but significant amounts of their variation are largely accounted for by bole and crown size.  相似文献   

A review and synthesis of bird and rodent damage estimates to select California crops     

Karen Gebhardt  Aaron M. Anderson 《Crop Protection》2011,30(9):1109-1116

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the magnitude of bird and rodent damage to 19 economically important crops in California. Interviews with agriculture experts provided additional information about damages. Monte Carlo simulations were used to derive summary estimates of damages to each crop. A meta-analysis indicated that summary damage estimates from expert interviews were higher than estimates from field studies and surveys. It was also found that there has been a downward trend over time in damages to almonds and grapes. The results of our study indicate that damages from bird and rodents remain high for many crops and are likely to be economically significant within the state of California.  相似文献   

Development of the polysaccharidic matrix in biocrusts induced by a cyanobacterium inoculated in sand microcosms     

Gianmarco?Mugnai  Federico?RossiEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Vincent?John?Martin?Noah?Linus?Felde  Claudia?Colesie  Burkhard?Büdel  Stephan?Peth  Aaron?Kaplan  Roberto?De?Philippis 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(1):27-40

Soil inoculation with cyanobacteria (cyanobacterization) is a biotechnological method widely studied to improve soil quality and productivity. During their growth on soil, cyanobacteria excrete exopolysaccharides (EPSs) which glue trichomes to soil particles, in a three-dimensional extracellular polymeric matrix. EPS productivity is an important screening parameter to select proficient inoculants and is affected by growth conditions and abiotic stresses. In this study, we evaluated the capability of the cyanobacterium Schizothrix cf. delicatissima AMPL0116 to form biocrusts when inoculated in sand microcosms under stressing conditions, and the characteristics of the synthesized polymeric matrix. In parallel, we evaluated the characteristics of exopolysaccharidic exudates of the strain when grown in liquid culture, under optimal growth setting. Our results pointed out at significant differences of the exopolymers produced in the two conditions in terms of monosaccharidic composition and molecular weight distribution, and proved the capability of S. cf. delicatissima AMPL0116 to form stable bioaggregates on sandy soils.  相似文献   

A pilot study evaluating the prognostic utility of platelet indices in dogs with septic peritonitis          下载免费PDF全文

Efa A. Llewellyn BVetMed  DACVECC  Jeffrey M. Todd DVM  DACVECC  Leslie C. Sharkey DVM  PhD  DACVP  Aaron Rendahl PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2017,27(5):569-578

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Retrospective evaluation of cats with elapid snake envenomation associated neurotoxicity requiring mechanical ventilation: 12 cases (2005–2014)          下载免费PDF全文

Hui Mei Ong BVSc  MANZCVS  Kylie Kelers BSc  BVMS  FANZCVS  Dez Hughes BVSc  MRCVS  DACVECC  Manuel Boller Dr med vet  MTR  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2017,27(5):579-585

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Daniel Zohary (1926–2016)     

Aaron Rottenberg 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(6):1101-1106

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Investigating the impact of innate dexterity skills and visuospatial aptitude on the performance of baseline laparoscopic skills in veterinary students          下载免费PDF全文

Mathew R. A. MacCormick  Jessica J. Kilkenny MSc  Meagan Walker BSc  Alex zur Linden DVM  DACVR  Ameet Singh DVM  DVSc  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(8):1175-1186

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What the hyena's laugh tells: Sex, age, dominance and individual signature in the giggling call of Crocuta crocuta     

Nicolas Mathevon  Aaron Koralek  Mary Weldele  Stephen E Glickman  Frédéric E Theunissen 《BMC ecology》2010,10(1):9

Background  

Among mammals living in social groups, individuals form communication networks where they signal their identity and social status, facilitating social interaction. In spite of its importance for understanding of mammalian societies, the coding of individual-related information in the vocal signals of non-primate mammals has been relatively neglected. The present study focuses on the spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta, a social carnivore known for its complex female-dominated society. We investigate if and how the well-known hyena's laugh, also known as the giggle call, encodes information about the emitter.  相似文献   

Monitoring neonicotinoid resistance in biotype B of Bemisia tabaci in Florida     

David J Schuster  Rajinder S Mann  Marco Toapanta  Roberto Cordero  Sandra Thompson  Sabrina Cyman  Aaron Shurtleff  Roy F Morris II 《Pest management science》2010,66(2):186-195

BACKGROUND: Biotype B of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), is a worldwide pest that has developed resistance to many insecticides, including the neonicotinoid class. Florida field populations were monitored for susceptibility to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam using a cut leaf petiole bioassay method. RESULTS: Average RR₅₀ values for imidacloprid increased from 3.7 in 2000 to 12.0 in 2003; decreased to 5.0 and 2.5 in 2004 and 2005, respectively; and then increased to 26.3 and 23.9 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Populations with RR₅₀ values of about 50 to 60 during generation one reverted to RR₅₀ values of ?4 in six generations, when reared without further exposure to imidacloprid. Average RR₅₀ values for thiamethoxam increased from 2.0 in 2003 to 24.7 in 2006 and decreased to 10.4 in 2007. Populations with RR₅₀ values of about 22, 32 and 53 during generation one declined to 8, 5 and 6, respectively, after being reared for five generations without exposure to thiamethoxam. The correlation coefficient from the 26 populations that were bioassayed both with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam showed a significant positive correlation (R² = 0.58) between these populations. CONCLUSION: The high level of RR₅₀ values to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam suggest an unstable decline in the susceptibility of B. tabaci to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, with possible cross‐resistance or predisposition for dual resistance selection. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献