Prevalence of bluetongue virus antibodies and associated risk factors among cattle in East Darfur State,Western Sudan     

Hadia OM Khair  Ibrahim A Adam  Shakir B Bushara  Kamal H Eltom  Nasreen O Musa  Imadeldin E Aradaib 《Irish veterinary journal》2014,67(1):4

Background

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an insect-transmitted virus, which causes bluetongue disease (BT) in sheep and a fatal hemorrhagic infection in North American white-tailed deer. However, in cattle the disease is typically asymptomatic and no overt clinical signs of disease appear to be associated with BTV infection. Serological evidence and isolation of different BTV serotypes have been reported in Sudan, however, no information is currently available in regard to previous exposure of Sudanese livestock to BTV infection in East Darfur State, Sudan.

Aims

To determine the prevalence of BTV antibodies and to identify the potential risk factors associated with BTV infection among cattle in East Darfur State, Sudan.

Methods

A total of 224 blood samples were collected randomly from five localities in East Darfur State, Sudan. The serum samples were screened for detection of BTV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA).

Results

Serological evidence of BTV infection was observed in 150 out of 224 animals accounting for a 67% prevalence rate among cattle in East Darfur State. Older cattle (>2 years of age) were six times more likely to be infected with BTV (OR = 6.62, CI = 2.87-15.26, p-value = 0.01). Regarding animal source (contact with other herds) as a risk factor, it was shown that cattle purchased from market or introduced from other herds were 3 times at higher risk of being infected with BTV (OR = 3.87, CI = 1.07-13.87, p value = 0.03). Exposure of cattle to the insect vector increased the risk of contracting BTV infection by six times compared to non-exposed cattle (OR = 6.44, CI = 1.53-27.08, p value = 0.01).

Conclusion

The present study indicated that age, animal source and the intensity of the insect vector are influential risk factors for BTV infection in cattle in the Darfur region. Surveillance for BTV infection should be extended to include other susceptible ruminants and to study the distribution of the insect vectors to better predict and respond to a possible BTV outbreak in the State of East Darfur, Sudan.  相似文献   

A preliminary evaluation of throughfall sampling techniques in a mature coniferous forest     

Darryl. E. Carlyle-Moses  Chad. E. Lishman  Adam. J. McKee 《林业研究》2014,25(2):407-413

Rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were measured and canopy interception loss was derived for 14 rainfall events from June 22 to August 30, 2008 within a mature declining hybrid white spruce(Picea glauca(Moench) Voss × P. engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.)- subalpine fir(Abies lasiocarpa(Hook.) Nutt.)- lodgepole pine(Pinus contorta var.latifolia Dougl. ex Loud.) stand in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Stemflow was negligible during the study period, while, respectively throughfall and canopy interception loss accounted for approximately59.4% and 40.6% of the 50.1 mm of cumulative rainfall. Throughfall variability was assessed with three approaches involving roving and stationary wedge-type gauges, and stationary trough gauges. Throughfall exhibited large spatial variability with the coefficient of variability of study period throughfall sampled using 16 stationary trough gauges being30.3%, while it was 38.0% and 28.7% for 32 stationary and 32 roving wedge gauges, respectively. Our analysis suggests that a roving gauge method is better than a stationary approach since the errors associated with event mean throughfalls are summed quadratically and a greater portion of the canopy area is sampled. Trough gauges were more efficient than wedge gauges; however, this efficiency was less than expected given their much larger sampling areas, suggesting that spatial autocor-relation lengths of throughfall may be longer than the trough systems. The spatial distribution of throughfall showed a high degree of temporal persistence throughout the study suggesting the existence of stable "wet" and "dry" inputs to the floors of these coniferous forests.  相似文献   

Sesbania aegyptiaca as promising biomass for manufacturing of MDF     

Abdel-Baset A. Adam  Houssni El-Saied  Mahmoud K. Soliman 《Wood material science & engineering》2014,9(1):49-57

Sesbania fiber is a fast-growing wood species that has been investigated for medium-density fiberboard (MDF) production. To assess the possibility of applying the local industrial defibration parameters of sugar-cane bagasse (SCB) on defibration of sesbania, the chemical constituents of unfibrated and defibrated sesbania, as well as their thermal stability and scanning electron micrographs, were estimated. Different preparation variables of MDF, such as density, level of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin (with 0.19% free-formaldehyde [HCHO]), and pressing time were studied, in comparison with that produced by using SCB fibers. The results showed that most of the tested sesbania-based MDFs have mechanical properties that fulfill the minimum requirements of MDF ANSI standard. Additionally, applying 12% UF and pressing for 240 sec provided sesbania-based MDF with optimum reduction in thickness swelling (reached ～7%). It is important to note that the sesbania-based MDF produced under these conditions is characterized by a lower TS property, than that obtained from SCB, or that reported in standards. The preliminary feasibility study revealed that using sesbania fibers will be an added economical potential for MDF production.  相似文献   

Mechanical ventilation and management of an adult horse with presumptive botulism     

Sandra D. Taylor DVM  PhD  DACVIM  Balazs Toth DVM  MS  DACVIM  Wendy M. Townsend DVM  MS  DACVO  Robin Timothy Bentley BVSc  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(5):594-601

  相似文献   

Effect of syringe and aggregate filter administration on survival of transfused autologous fresh feline red blood cells     

Brandon W. Heikes DVM  Craig G. Ruaux BVSc  PhD  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(2):162-167

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Acid base,electrolyte, glucose,and lactate values during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs and cats     

Kate Hopper BVSc  PhD  DACVECC  Angela Borchers DVM  DACVIM  DACVECC  Steven E. Epstein DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(2):208-214

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An ex vivo evaluation of efficacy of refrigerated canine plasma     

Adam R. Grochowsky DVM  Elizabeth A. Rozanski DVM  DACVECC  DACVIM  Armelle M. de Laforcade DVM  DACVECC  Claire R. Sharp BSc  BVMS  MS  DACVECC  Dawn M. Meola BS  Jessica J. Schavone BS  CVT  Majory B. Brooks DVM  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(4):388-397

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Meeting demands for increased cereal production in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhonghu He  Xianchun Xia  Shaobing Peng  Thomas Adam Lumpkin 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

Meeting demands for increased cereal production in China is a great challenge and this paper provides updated information on cereal production and the potential adaptation of cropping systems to climate change, as well as on progress in improving yield potential and developing molecular markers and GM cereals in China. Maize production and soybean imports are increasing significantly to meet the strong demand for feed by a rapidly growing livestock industry. Extension of the rice and maize growing seasons in northeastern China and improvement of the cropping system through delayed wheat planting have contributed to improving cereal productivity despite changing climatic conditions. Significant improvements in yield potential of rice, maize, and wheat have been achieved. Comparative genomics has been successfully used to develop and validate functional markers for processing quality traits in wheat, and also for developing new varieties. Although transgenic Bt rice and maize, and maize expressing phytase have been developed, their commercialization has not been officially permitted. International collaboration has contributed significantly to cereal production by providing germplasm and improved crop management practices. Full integration of applied molecular technologies into conventional breeding programs and promotion of lower-input technologies, will play a key role in increasing and sustaining future cereal production.  相似文献   

Insights into an undescribed high-elevation lake (6,170 m a.s.l.) on Volcán Llullaillaco: A physical and microbiological view     

Pablo Aran  Pablo Aguilar  Thomas Bowen  Matthew Farson  Joseline Tapia  Lara Vimercati  John L. Darcy  Adam J. Solon  Dorota Porazinska  Steven K. Schmidt  Cristina Dorador 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(8):2293-2299

1. High elevation lakes are extreme ecosystems and serve as sentinels of various global changes.
2. An expedition to Volcán Llullaillaco in 1996 discovered an unstudied high-elevation lake (6,170 m a.s.l.) that probably was formed as a result of the past eruptive events or climatic processes such as glacial retreat in the lake basin.
3. This article describes an initial physical characterization of the lake and its microbial communities derived from two sampling expeditions in 2013 and 2016.
4. The microbial community in the lake, with an area between 1.2 and 1.4 ha and a depth of 6.8 m, was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Haloarchaea. In addition, 26 bacterial isolates were identified within the genera Subtercola, Xylophilus, Rhodanobacter, Mesorhizobium and Pseudomonas.
5. Lago Llullaillaco is one of the highest recorded lakes in the world, and this study highlights the unique microbial diversity of this aquatic ecosystem and the importance of its preservation to understand the complex biological processes under polyextreme conditions.

  相似文献   

Equine Post-anesthetic Lameness A Retrospective Study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MEGHAN T. RICHEY DVM    MELISSA S. HOLLAND DVM  DiplomateACVA    CHARLES J. McGRATH DVM  DiplomateACVA    NICHOLAS H. DODMAN BVMS  MRCVS  DVA  DipomateACVA    DURWOOD B. MARSHALL ESS    MICHAEL H. COURT BVSc  DiplomateACVA    WENDY M. NORMAN BVSc  DAVID C. SEELER DVM  MSC  DiplomateACVA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(5):392-397

The incidence of post-anesthetic lameness in 655 horses undergoing 733 anesthetic episodes over a 3 year period was 6.4%. Nineteen factors previously reported or proposed to play a role in the development of post-anesthetic lameness were evaluated statistically. Only hypotension and the duration of the anesthetic period were significant factors.  相似文献