Equine influenza in England     

Newton R  Elton D  Bryant N  Rash A  Hammond TA 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(24):851

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Nutrient fluctuations in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) plantations: the implications for future forest management practice     

Adam  M 《Forestry》1999,72(3):249-271

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Nitrogen fertilization value of compost and dried dung in soils with contrasting synthetic nitrogen fertilization histories     

Adam D. Langworthy  Ross Corkrey  Richard P. Rawnsley  Pieter J. M. Raedts  James L. Hills 《Grass and Forage Science》2023,78(1):184-193

If the production of forage for dairy cattle is to become less reliant on synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers, there is need to better understand and account for the N contributed by on-farm and imported organic amendments. A 254-day aerobic soil incubation study (typical length of a growing season in many temperate dairying regions) quantified the inorganic (mineral) N supply from a commercial compost and dried bovine dung (i.e., on-farm effluent solids). Amendments were incubated in soils with contrasting synthetic N fertilization histories (i.e., 70–100 vs. 350–400 kg N/ha per year) to evaluate if higher synthetic N fertilization histories would reduce the lag time that often exists between organic amendment application and significant release of inorganic N for plant uptake. This proposition was based on previous research, which showed greater soil inorganic N availability accelerating organic amendment decomposition. Our experiment did find that the release of inorganic N from evaluated organic amendments was greater in soils with higher synthetic N fertilization histories, but that this effect was not apparent until after the first 6-months of this 9-month experiment. Despite this finding, soils with contrasting synthetic N fertilization histories were not found to differ in their initial inorganic N content, nor microbial activity or other physiochemical properties known to affect N mineralization. Our study highlighted the long-term vision needed when transitioning from synthetic N fertilizers to organic amendments, with most of the N present in the compost and dried dung remaining unavailable for forage production (i.e., remained bound in organic carbon-based molecules).  相似文献   

From the ground up: rethinking industrial agriculture,H. Norberg‐Hodge,P. Goering and J. Page. Zed Books,London, 2000. ISBN 1 85649 993 6 £36.95 (hardback), 1 85649 994 4 £12.95 (paperback), xxxiii+120 pp     

M. G. Adam 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2001,12(6):571-572

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Glochidial infestation of fish by the endangered thick‐shelled river mussel Unio crassus          下载免费PDF全文

Adam M. Ćmiel  Katarzyna Zając  Anna M. Lipińska  Tadeusz Zając 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(3):535-544

Aphanomyces astaci presence in Japan: a threat to the endemic and endangered crayfish species Cambaroides japonicus?          下载免费PDF全文

Agata Mrugała  Tadashi Kawai  Eva Kozubíková‐Balcarová  Adam Petrusek 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(1):103-114

Comparative survival and growth performance of European lobster larvae,Homarus gammarus,reared on dry feed and conspecifics          下载免费PDF全文

Adam Powell  James Hinchcliffe  Kristina Sundell  Nils‐Gunnar Carlsson  Susanne P. Eriksson 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5300-5310

A bottleneck of crustacean larval culture concerns nutrition and associated cannibalism in communal rearing systems, which impact on larval survival, development and growth. For early‐stage European lobster, Homarus gammarus larvae, feeding ecology and body composition are largely unknown. We initiated four progressive feeding experiments (novel feed types, feeding regime and feed size and cannibalism effects) on growth and survival, to inform and update husbandry protocols. Performance of larvae offered a dry commercial feed was not significantly different compared with a conventional wet plankton feed of the same ration and size grade (both within 600–1,000 μm). Further experiments found that the same ration of dry feed offered six times daily improved development and growth, over the conventional regime of three times daily. Small‐grade dry feed (particles: 250–360 μm) improved larval performance compared with a larger feed (360–650 μm). Larvae were also fed different proportions of dry feed and/or conspecifics in both communal and individual rearing systems (the latter preventing cannibalism via segregation). Individually reared larvae, fed only dead conspecifics, displayed the greatest survival (80%) to postlarvae. This underlines the impact of cannibalism on survival and nutrition in H. gammarus larviculture. A final experiment analysed H. gammarus zoea 1 composition, identifying deficiencies in ash and carbohydrate in lobster feeds. This suggests a need for a species‐specific, formulated dry feed for H. gammarus larviculture. Our research represents the first investigation of H. gammarus larval composition and dietary requirements and highlights decreased growth potential associated with providing nutrition solely from generic commercial feed.  相似文献   

Virucidal effects of various agents—including protease—against koi herpesvirus and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus     

Anette Amtmann  Ibrahim Ahmed  Petra Zahner-Rimmel  Adam Mletzko  Lisa Katharina Jordan  Martin Oberle  Helmut Wedekind  Jürgen Christian  Sven Michael Bergmann  Anna Maria Becker 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(2):185-195

In a search for alternative, environmentally friendly and effective disinfecting agents, a commercially available protease—Neutrase^®—was tested in this work for inactivation of koi herpesvirus (KHV) and of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). For comparison, the stability of these viral pathogens in similar configurations at various pH values and concentrations of peracetic acid or quicklime, typically used for disinfection, was tested. Therefore, virus suspensions were incubated with various concentrations of different agents for 24 hr and the titre of the remaining infectious particles was determined by virus titration. Furthermore, the treatment of both viruses, with the agents at concentrations that were previously appointed as effective, was also examined in the presence of solid material (quartz sand). All procedures investigated in this study, including the protease treatment, were able to reduce the titre of KHV and VHSV below the detection limit of the titration. Although further studies are necessary, this is the first report of the application of a protease for the inactivation of the selected fish pathogens, demonstrating the great potential of the latter for disinfection.  相似文献   

Comparative survival and growth performance of European lobster Homarus gammarus post‐larva reared on novel feeds     

James Hinchcliffe  Adam Powell  Markus Langeland  Aleksandar Vidakovic  Ingrid Undeland  Kristina Sundell  Susanne P. Eriksson 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):102-113

One approach to ongrow juvenile European lobster, Homarus gammarus, is to utilize land based rearing systems, incorporating automated feeding, individual culture and provision of stable pelleted feeds, preferably using sustainable ingredients. We initiated three feeding experiments to investigate the general suitability of ingredients produced from seafood by‐products as novel feeds for H. gammarus, in terms of promoting survival, development and growth of post‐larval lobsters from post‐larvae (PL) stage IV to the first juvenile stage (stage V). The first experiment was designed to screen an array of candidate, locally produced, novel protein sources on growth performance parameters. This initial experiment revealed that PL reared on a raw (i.e. wet, unprocessed shrimp) feed used as a reference showed superior performance to those reared on experimental feeds containing fishmeal, herring protein isolate or mussel meal; however, a novel type of shrimp meal, produced by flocculation from waste water, promoted the best PL performance of any experimental feed. A second experiment was designed to test the effect of drying method and to optimize the form of a wet shrimp reference feed used by lobster hatcheries. This showed that the performance of PL reared on experimental freeze‐dried shrimp feed was not significantly different to those reared on the wet, unprocessed shrimp used as a reference feed. However, lobsters offered experimental oven‐dried shrimp feed (with or without an immune supplement) resulted in significantly lower survival or growth performance. A third and final experiment was designed in an attempt to improve a candidate herring‐based protein source, by supplementing with nutrients found in shrimp. However, the results showed that PL reared on the wet reference shrimp feed still showed superior growth and survival than those reared on a herring feed alone, or supplemented with additives found in shrimp meal (either glucosamine, astaxanthin or both supplements combined). The high survival and growth, low incidence of moulting problems and high availability of waste shrimp material, suggest that non‐heat‐treated shrimp products are a promising feed ingredient for post‐larval European lobsters.  相似文献   

Do active‐dispersing insects dominate the invertebrate fauna of rock pools in the wet–dry tropics,Kimberley, Australia?     

Nicole Carey  Adam T. Cross  Matthew D. Barrett  Belinda J. Robson 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(8):1175-1189