基于压实分析模型的土壤应力传递系数研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

贺亭峰  丛文杰  BELAL Eisa Adam  丁启朔  杨艳山  霍连飞 《农业机械学报》2017,48(6):59-65

机械压实是造成土壤退化的重要原因之一,研究并预测土壤应力有助于科学规划田间机械使用,缓解压实问题。基于分析模型预测土壤应力的关键在于选择合适的集中系数。然而在已有的研究中集中系数取值混乱,导致该模型使用时存在很大争议,其原因在于对该参数随土壤环境的变化缺乏规律性认识。本文通过对集中系数表达式的进一步推导,在理论上提出了能够代表土壤环境对集中系数影响的无量纲参数σ_z/σ_0,定义为应力传递系数(STC)。基于水稻土和黄棕壤两种土壤,通过控制含水率和湿密度于室内重塑30种状态的土壤,在单轴压缩实验中运用土压力传感器测量计算应力传递系数,建立应力传递系数与土壤环境参数,如含水率、干密度和先期固结压力等之间的相关性分析。结果表明应力传递系数随土壤含水率的增大而增大,土壤初始干密度和先期固结压力与应力传递系数之间负相关性明显。根据所得应力传递系数计算相应土壤状态下的集中系数,其取值在1.20~12.39之间,与以往的研究结果相差不大,但包含了关于集中系数随土壤环境变化的具体信息。这意味着作为一个稳定可测的无量纲参数,应力传递系数为集中系数的计算提供了一个相对科学的方法,在定量描述土壤环境对集中系数影响的同时,完善了分析模型。  相似文献   

A Rapid Protein Digestibility Assay for Identifying Highly Digestible Sorghum Lines     

Adam Aboubacar  John D. Axtell  Chia‐Ping Huang  Bruce R. Hamaker 《Cereal Chemistry》2001,78(2):160-165

Protein digestibility in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) lines was determined using two standard procedures (pepsin digestibility and pH‐stat) and compared with a newly developed, rapid electrophoresis‐based screening assay. The new assay was based on the rate of α‐kafirin disappearance after pepsin digestion. α‐Kafirin, the major sorghum storage protein, makes up ≈60–70% of the total protein in the grain. In the new assay, samples were first digested with pepsin for 1 hr, and undigested proteins were then analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. The intensitizes of the undigested α‐kafirin bands were measured. Higher band intensity indicated lower protein digestibility. The new assay was significantly correlated with the standard pepsin digestibility assay (r = −0.96, n = 16) after which it was patterned. The same was true of the pH‐stat procedure (r = −0.85, n = 16). This implies that the new assay is comparable to existing procedures and can be used for screening sorghum lines for protein digestibility. Two groups consisting of high‐protein digestibility and wild‐type sorghum lines were identified when the new assay was tested on 48 sorghum lines derived from crosses of wild‐type and mutant high protein digestibility lines, indicating that the new assay was efficient in differentiating between the two groups. Advantages of the new assay over the standard procedures include considerable reduction in analysis time and sample size required for the analysis. For example, analysis time was reduced by 20% and sample size by 10% when the new assay was used as compared with the pH‐stat procedure. We estimate that ≈60 sorghum lines can be screened in a day by a single operator using the new assay.  相似文献