Investigation of alternate herbicides for effective weed management in glyphosate-tolerant cotton     

Nadeem Iqbal  Sudheesh Manalil  Bhagirath S. Chauhan  Steve W. Adkins 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(13):1885-1899

ABSTRACT

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds are the biggest concern for all cotton stakeholders worldwide. Currently, 43 weeds species are resistant to glyphosate and the number is increasing at an alarming rate. Soil residual/pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides like Pendimethalin and S-metolachlor can be effectively used for the control of GR weeds; however, their use is very limited at farmer’s side due to the adoption of herbicide-tolerant technology with complete reliance on glyphosate. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of PRE and post-emergence (POST) herbicides in glyphosate-tolerant (GT) cotton. The herbicide treatments were pendimethalin and S-metolachlor as PRE-residual, and glyphosate was applied as POST at 20 days after sowing (DAS) either alone or in combination with other herbicides like S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, and haloxyfop. A second application of glyphosate was made at 35 DAS. Results revealed that pendimethalin and S-metolachlor treatments gave 100% suppression of all dominant weeds and increased lint yield by 310–350% as compared to weedy control. In contrast, glyphosate applied once and twice, gave weed biomass reduction of only 10–86%, and increased lint yield by 136–185% over weedy control. This research established that PRE application of pendimethalin and S-metolachlor can be included in the weed management program of GT cotton.  相似文献   

Distribution of Parthenium hysterophorus and one of its biological control agents (Coleoptera: Zygogramma bicolorata) in Nepal     

B B Shrestha  K Pokhrel  N Paudel  S Poudel  A Shabbir  S W Adkins 《Weed Research》2019,59(6):467-478

Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious invasive weed of both agricultural and natural ecosystems, spreading aggressively in Nepal. Management of this weed in Nepal has been limited, mainly because of the lack of geo‐referenced data concerning the weed's distribution. We conducted a nationwide survey of P. hysterophorus and its coleopteran biological control agent Zygogramma bicolorata from 2013 to 2016 to determine their spatial distribution. Both were widespread, with the distribution of Z. bicolorata lagging behind the invasion front of P. hysterophorus. The weed was present in 21.2% of the 4838 locations examined, including several isolated satellite populations. The weed was found in the Tarai, Siwalik, Middle Mountains and High Mountains regions, reaching up to 2000 m asl. It has invaded natural and modified ecosystems including all six protected areas in the Tarai and Siwalik regions. Road access appears to be the major pathway for its long‐distance dispersal. Zygogramma bicolorata had spread from the east to the west and was present in 15.4% of the weed occurrence locations, inflicting a low amount of damage. A CLIMEX modelling projection revealed the presence of additional geographic areas in Nepal which are climatically suitable for both P. hysterophorus and Z. bicolorata. Eradication of satellite populations of the weed by physical and chemical measures, and the release of Z. bicolorata into new, but climatically suitable, locations should be prioritised for P. hysterophorus management in Nepal. In conclusion, P. hysterophorus has rapidly become widespread in Nepal and the currently available biological control agent has not been able to prevent further spread of the weed.  相似文献   

Retrospective study of 108 foals with septic osteomyelitis     

KM Neil  JE Axon  AP Begg  PG Todhunter  PL Adams  AE Fine  JP Caron  AR Adkins 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(1-2):4-12

Objective   To determine the clinical characteristics, short-term outcome and future athletic performance of foals with septic osteomyelitis.
Design   Retrospective clinical study of 108 Thoroughbred foals with radiographic evidence of bone infection that were presented at the Scone Veterinary Hospital between August 1995 and December 2001. Medical records were reviewed and information concerning signalment, the clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings, treatment and outcome was obtained. Racing records were obtained and evaluated for surviving foals that had reached racing age.
Results   Mean age of foals at initial evaluation was 39 days (range 1–180 days); 21 foals had multiple radiographic bone lesions (19.4%), and 76 had concurrent septic arthritis (70.4%). The most frequently affected bones were the femur, tibia and distal phalanx. In total, 87 foals were discharged from the hospital (80.6%), 79 survived long-term to reach racing age and 52 raced (65.8%). Overall, 48% (52/108) of the foals treated for osteomyelitis raced. Foals less than 30 days of age at the time of diagnosis, critically ill foals and those with multiple bones or joints affected were significantly less likely to be discharged from hospital. Multiple septic joints, but not multiple bone involvement, had an unfavourable prognosis for racing.
Conclusions   The prognosis for survival of foals with septic osteomyelitis or osteitis is favourable. Multiple bone or joint involvement is an important short-term prognostic indicator; however, the involvement of multiple joints, but not multiple infected bones, is associated with an unfavourable prognosis for racing.  相似文献   

Biology,ecology and management of the invasive parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.)     

Steve Adkins  Asad Shabbir 《Pest management science》2014,70(7):1023-1029

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is one of the most aggressive invasive weeds, threatening natural ecosystems and agroecosystems in over 30 countries worldwide. Parthenium weed causes losses of crops and pastures, degrading the biodiversity of natural plant communities, causing human and animal health hazards and resulting in serious economic losses to people and their interests in many countries around the globe. Several of its biological and ecological attributes contribute towards its invasiveness. Various management approaches (namely cultural, mechanical, chemical and biological control) have been used to minimise losses caused by this weed, but most of these approaches are ineffective and uneconomical and/or have limitations. Although chemical control using herbicides and biological control utilising exotic insects and pathogens have been found to contribute to the management of the weed, the weed nevertheless remains a significant problem. An integrated management approach is proposed here for the effective management of parthenium weed on a sustainable basis. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Integrated use of biological approaches provides effective control of parthenium weed     

Asad Shabbir  Kunjithapatham Dhileepan  Myron Zalucki  Naeem Khan  Steve Adkins 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(13):1861-1878

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.; Asteraceae) is an invasive weed species in agro-ecosystems. It causes huge losses to native biodiversity and agricultural productivity. This study was conducted to assess the combined effect of a leaf-feeding beetle, (Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister; Chrysomelidae) and suppressive plant species, bull Mitchell grass (Astrebella squrossa C.E. Hubb.; Poaceae) or butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.; Fabaceae) on parthenium weed under shade house conditions. The suppressive plant species significantly reduced the parthenium weed height (16%), biomass (29%) and seed production (42%), in the absence of Z. bicolorata. However, this suppressive ability was further enhanced in the presence of Z. bicolorata. The combined effect of the suppressive plant species and Z. bicolorata further reduced the parthenium weed height (46%), biomass (66%) and seed production (95%). The combination also had a significant negative effect upon seed fill, decreasing the reproductive output of the current generation. The presence of Z. bicolorata also had positive effect on the biomass (10%) and plant height (11%) of both suppressive species. So, the combined use of suppressive plant species and the biological control agent suppressed parthenium weed more effectively than their sole use. Such integrated approaches should be prioritized for future management of parthenium weed.  相似文献   

Persistent right aortic arch in a sentry dog     

T O Adkins  J Farrall  C Mohart 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1970,157(4):471-472

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Paleoclimate. Dating--vive la différence     

Adkins J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,294(5548):1844-1845

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Relationship of feeding activity of face fly (Musca autumnalis DeGeer) to production of keratoconjunctivitis in calves     

J F Brown  T R Adkins 《American journal of veterinary research》1972,33(12):2551-2555

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Effect of irrigation rate on yield of drip-irrigated seedless watermelon in a humid region   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ian McCann  Ed KeeJames Adkins  Emmalea ErnestJeremy Ernest 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

Seedless watermelon can be a profitable crop in humid regions such as the Delmarva Peninsula in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA. Production using drip irrigation under plastic mulch is increasingly common but, although this is potentially an efficient production system, it is also complex in terms of irrigation scheduling. Experiments were conducted in 2004, 2005 and 2006 in Georgetown, Delaware to measure the effect of irrigation rate on yield of seedless watermelon grown with drip irrigation under plastic mulch. Relative irrigation rates were used to provide water amounts that ranged from low to high. The irrigation rates in all years included 50%, 100% and 150% of nominal crop water use, with additional rates of 0% and 250% in 2005 and 2006. Data from a nearby weather station were used to estimate reference evapotranspiration. Volumetric soil water content in the 50%, 100% and 150% treatments was measured in the center of each mulched bed using multi-sensor capacitance probes with sensors at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm and 70 cm. Yield of seedless melons per unit area of land ranged from about 55–95 tonnes/ha, depending on the year and the irrigation rate, but within each year the yield differences due to the irrigation rate were not significant (p = 0.10) despite the large range in rate. Differences in quality, as measured by sugar content and the incidence of hollow heart, was also not significant. This lack of response to irrigation may be due to the ability of the root system to use infiltrated rainwater from outside the mulched bed. Growers in the region tend to apply more water than may be required as a form of risk avoidance. This study indicates that irrigation amounts could likely be reduced without having an adverse effect on yield.  相似文献   

Effect of selenium on performance, serum selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R S Adkins  R C Ewan 《Journal of animal science》1984,58(2):346-350

Pigs from sows fed a diet deficient in Se and low in vitamin E were fed a Torula yeast diet supplemented with 100 IU dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg of diet. Dietary treatments were levels of supplemental Se of 0, .025, .050, .075 or .100 ppm. Some death loss occurred in pigs receiving no supplemental Se at approximately 5 wk of age. Autopsy revealed liver and heart lesions typical of vitamin E-Se deficiency. Selenium supplement had no significant effect on average daily gain, feed intake or gain to feed ratio for the 4-wk experiment. Selenium status of pigs was determined by serum Se concentration and serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Serum Se increased linearly (P less than .01) with increasing supplemental Se. Serum GSH-Px activity increased linearly (P less than .01) and quadratically (P less than .05) with increasing supplemental Se. With time, the level of serum Se and GSH-Px activity decreased in unsupplemental pigs, but increased in pigs fed diets supplemented with Se and resulted in significant interactions (P less than .01) between dietary Se level and time on experiment. The correlation between serum Se concentration and GSH-Px activity was .81 (P less than .01).  相似文献